جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "قند کل" در نشریات گروه "زراعت"

The importance of medicinal plants in the development of various societies is increasing day by day. Garden thyme is one of the most important medicinal plants that has antiseptic, antispasmodic, anti-flatulence, diaphoretic, expectorant and sedative properties. According to the evidence available to improve the quality of plant products using alcohol spraying solution, realizing the effect of this type of nutrition on the quantitative and qualitative yield of medicinal plants and determining the optimal conditions for their production requires study and research. Studies have shown that the use of alcoholic treatments of methanol and ethanol as a foliar application increases yield, accelerates growth, increases secondary metabolites, reduces the effect of drought stress and reduces water requirements in some crops and medicinal plants. Due to the fact that the amount of absorption of these alcohols by the plant is directly related to their concentration, thus, achieving the desired concentration and how to use it, can have a significant impact on the growth of the plant. Therefore, the present study was performed to investigate different levels of methanol and ethanol alcoholic treatments on some morphological, physiological and phytochemical traits of thyme medicinal plant.

This research was carried out as a factorial in the form of a complete randomized block design with 4 replications at Kelardasht. After placing the plant in the soil, four stages of foliar application were carried out with experimental treatments at one week intervals. Experimental treatments included ethanol with concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 30% v/v, and methanol with concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 30% by volume. Spraying of distilled water was also considered as a control treatment. Evaluated traits included morphological and physiological traits (plant height, number of internodes, internode length, stem diameter, root diameter, root height, leaf length and width and dry plant weight), and phytochemicals traits (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, anthocyanins, antioxidant activity, total phenol, total flavonoids, total sugars and non-reduced sugars). Data analysis of variance was performed using SAS software (ver 9.1).

Based on the obtained results, the use of methanol and ethanol alcoholic treatments as a foliar spray solution increased all the measured traits compared to the control (distilled water). Examination of morphological and physiological traits revealed that the highest root diameter and leaf length were related to 20% methanol and 20% ethanol treatments. The internode possessed the highest length in the treatment of 20% methanol without ethanol application. Application of 30% methanol without using ethanol also resulted in maximum root height. Also, the highest dry weight of the plant (9.02 g) was observed in the treatment of 30% methanol with 20% ethanol; which was 1.8 times the control treatment. Evaluation of phytochemical traits showed that in all traits, increasing methanol and ethanol levels resulted in the best findings. So that; the highest levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, total sugar, and non-reduced sugars were obtained in the 20% methanol treatment with 30% ethanol. Also, the application of 30% methanol and 10% ethanol increased the amount of anthocyanins and antioxidant activity of the plant; which it was at a statistical level with methanol treatment at 20% and ethanol at 30%. An increase in methanol levels from 20% to 30% caused an increase in total phenol content in all ethanol application levels.

In order to produce garden thyme, the application of alcohol foliar spray such as methanol and ethanol can be helpful. Therefore, in addition to increasing the production of dry matter per unit area, it is possible to produce the desired amount of secondary metabolites with high quality and lower cost.

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is the primary source of vegetable oil. Even in desirable conditions, soybean seeds lose their viability in long term storage. Many factors contribute to seed deterioration, including genetic factors, mechanical damage, relative humidity, storage temperature, seed moisture content, existence of microflora, and seed maturity, which reduce seed quality and make seeds unfit for cultivation purposes.

In order to investigate the effects of seed deterioration on seed germination and also the effects of salicylic acid and ethylene on the improvement of deteriorated seeds of G. max., accelerated aging test for 0, 6 and 10 days and natural aging test for 6 months were conducted. After aging conditions, seeds were imbibed with 50 µM salicylic acid and 10 µM ACC (precursor of ethylene) for 6 hours at 25 °C. In addition, after natural and accelerated aging tests, a bunch of seeds was used without any hormonal treatment (i.e., dry seeds) as control seeds. The seeds’ germination percentage, total sugar, fructose, and glucose were investigated. Moreover, the gene expression of GAI1 and LOX1 was measured on dry seeds and under imbibition of water, salicylic acid and ACC at 6, 12 hours using Q-RT-PCR method.

The germination results showed that increasing number of aging days led to a decrease in germination. Total sugar content in seeds aged for 6 days did not have a significant difference, as compared with non-aged seeds. However, total sugar content in seeds aged for 10 days was significantly higher than non-aged seeds. Increasing accelerated aging levels from 0 days to 10 days led to increases in glucose and fructose contents in dry seeds. In addition, genes exhibited different expressions in different days and hours. Increasing aging from 0 days to 10 days led to increases in GAI1 gene expression. Moreover, LOX2 expression increased in accelerated aging from 0 to 6 days. LOX2 gene expression in naturally dried aged seeds also increased and was higher than that in non-aged seeds. SA and ACC had different effects on measured values.

In general, it can be concluded that the deterioration of seed quality and vigor result from numerous degradation processes and disruption in seeds’ physiological activity. This study showed that aging is associated with an increase in total sugar, glucose and fructose levels. In addition, the expression of the genes involved in the germination is also affected. Increases in LOX2 gene expression were observed in both accelerated aging and natural aging pathways. GAI1 gene expression increased in accelerated aging. However, in normal aging, it decreased.

Abstract   Background and Objectives Apple is one of the most important common fruit trees in temperate regions of the world with a lot of phenotypes and genotypes. Fruit surface color is one of the important factors in evaluating the qualities and appearance of fruits. This is the first component of acceptance by the customer, which indicates anomalies in agricultural products.   Materials and Methods For this purpose, a study was conducted in 2016 in a completely randomized design with 12 varieties of native and imported apples in three replications. In this research, qualitative characteristics including anthocyanins for skin and flesh fruit, total sugar, flavor index, pH and EC and color indexes including brightness index (L), redness index (a), yellowness index (b), Hue (H), and Chroma (C) were measured for each apple cultivar.   Results The results showed the highest indexes of a and C of skin. Moreover, the index of a related to the flesh of fruit in Mazand 2 had the highest levels of Hue skin, brightness and Hue flesh in Gala cultivar. The highest amount of brightness and yellowneass of fruit skin and flesh was observed in Golden delicious cultivar. While the highest amount of anthocyanin in skin was found in Red delicious cultivar. the highest amount of anthocyanin in flesh was found in Mazand 2. Furthermore, the highest level of flavor index was found in Shahrod 10 and the maximum amount of total sugar was detected in Red delicious cultivar. The utmost EC juice and the highest juice pH were observed in Gol Ghermez and Golab Kohanz cultivars, respectively. The highest positive correlation was found between anthocyanin of skin and anthocyanin of fruit pulp in the red flesh apple (0.99).  Based on the results of this research, the red index and the fruit flavor index correlated with skin Hue, brightness of skin correlated with yellow color of skin, and fruit EC correlated with sugar content of the fruit.   Discussion Finally, the highest correlation was found between anthocyanin in skin and the red flesh apple. In other apple cultivars, a significant correlation was found between index (a) and the yellowness of the apples (0.92). Further positive correlation was set between index C and anthocyanin content and flavor index. A positive correlation was observed between H and L indexes and the yellow color of the apple. Index b indicated a significant negative correlation with anthocyanin of skin and flesh of apple. The highest red content in red flesh apples indicated positive correlation with a and c indices, which has already been confirmed by the results of other researchers.

Effect of foliar spraying by humic acid on mineral leaf composition، yield and fruit quality of apple (Malus domestica L. cv. ‘Granny Smith’) was studied. An experiment based on randomized complete design was conducted in Khorramdare city of Zanjan province. Spraying of humic acid was conducted in four levels 0، 5، 10 and 15 mg/l on eight year-old ‘Granny Smith’ apples grafted on MM106 rootstock. Spraying was conducted two، four and eight weeks after full bloom stage. Results showed that humic acid treatment significantly increased yield، total soluble solid (TSS)، acidity (pH)، concentration of leaf potassium and total chlorophyll content. Concentrations of 10 and 15 mg/l had the highest effect on yield. The humic acid treatment reduced vegetative current shoot growth. There have not significant effect on fruit firmness diameter and length fruit of treated fruits and control. The parameters such as total sugar، leaf area، concentration of N and P of leaf did not influenced by humic acid treatment. According to the results، it can be concluded that concentrations of 10 and 15 mg/l of humic acid spraying have main effect on increasing yield and precocity of ‘Granny Smith’ apple.