جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « مویان » در نشریات گروه « زراعت »

Adding an adjuvant facilitates the uptake of herbicides through the aerial parts of plants and reduces the selective state of the herbicide. If the amount of adjuvants is more than the amount needed to moisturize the surface of the plants, the penetration of herbicides will increase. The experiment was conducted to determine the best additives on increasing the effectiveness of herbicides in controlling wheat weeds.

The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in a farm in Fasa (28° 56' N, 53°38′E) during 2017-2018. The factors consisted of herbicides in four levels of Mesosulfuron+ Iodosulfuron+ Diflufenican (Othello), Clodinafop Propargyl (Topik)+ Tribenuron–Methyl (Granstar), Sulfosulfuron+ Metsulfuron Methyl (Total) and Sulfosulfuron (Apirus) in recommended doses and type of additives in 4 levels, Ammonium Sulfate 2%, soybean oil 1.25%, cleaner liquid as surfactant Anionic 0.5% and without additive as control. Wheat seeds of Chamran cultivar with vigour of 98% at rate of 150 kg.ha-1 were planted in rows of 10 cm. The dimensions of each experimental plot were 24 m. Herbicide application time was also in the wheat tillering and 2-4 leaf weeding stages. The experimental sprayer was used with a manual pump, with a nozzle with a spray angle of 30 degrees, a constant pressure of 50 psi and a spray height of 20 inches (50 cm) calibrated for spraying. Characteristics such as dry weight of narrow weeds include wild oat (dominant weed) along with canary grass and Ryegrass, broad-leaf weeds include charlock mustard (dominant weed) along with fumitory was determined. Number of spikes per square meter, number of seeds per spike, 1000 grain weight, biological yield, grain yield and wheat harvest index were measured.

The results showed that among the additives used, 2% Ammonium Sulfate had the greatest effect on reducing the dry weight of weeds, narrow-leaf (34.05%) and broad-leaf (31.57%) weeds. The herbicides of Othello, Topik+ Granstar and Total had performed well on wheat grain yield, but did not show significant differences. The combination of additives with herbicides compared to no adjuvant control increased grain yield (on average, 607.73 kg.ha-1). Finally, Othello herbicide was introduced as the best treatment for this test by consuming 2% Ammonium Sulfate additive.

The effect of herbicides application of Othello, Topik+ Granstar and Total on grain yield can be due to their effect on decrease of weed dry weight. The results show that ammonium sulfate 2% increased the uptake of herbicides and which is why it increases the effectiveness of herbicides in weed control and grain yield increase.

A split-factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in a landscape of Qom in 2018. The main factor was the time of herbicide application in spring and summer and sub-factors were factorial combination of 1052.5 g ai.ha-1 2,4-D+MCPA (U46 Combi Fluid, SL 67.5%), 600 g ai.ha-1 Bromoxynil octanoate + MCPA + ethylhexyl ester, 15 g ai.ha-1 tribenuron methyl, and 1132 g ai.ha-1 bentazone + dichlorprop and 0.3% of dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt and oleic acid ethoxylate adjuvants and ammonium sulfate (VI) and the control treatment. Results showed that although some treatments caused an effective loss in dandelion dry weight, they also caused severe damage to the lawn. Mixing oleic acid ethoxylate or sodium sulfosuccinate with ammonium sulfate with bentazone + dichloroprop in the spring resulted in the reduction of the dry matter of dandelion from 337 in the control treatment to 81.6 and 100 g.m-2, respectively. Also, mixing oleic acid ethoxylate and ammonium sulfate with tribenuron methyl in summer reduced dandelion dry matter from 298 in the control treatment to 113 g.m-2, which had the least damage to the grass compared to other treatments.

In order to investigate the effect of adding adjuvant on reducing the dose of sulfosulfuron+metsulfuronmethyl, herbicide a field experiment was conducted in a private farm in Hekmaabad village of Sabzevar in 2013-2014 in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Factors were: The test factors were: adjuvants doses at the two levels: recommended (1% of the source of citoute) and recommended +50% and the reduced amount of sulfosulfuron + methyl sulforon methyl (total) herbicide at five levels (0, 25, 50, 75 And 100% recommended dose (45 g ha-1 from WG 80% formulation). Weed weight, weed damage, crop damage, plant height, fertile tiller number, number of seeds per spike, 1000 seed weight, biological yield and economic yield were measured. The results showed that the addition of adjuvant caused a further reduction of weed dry weight and a increased percentage of damage to weed and crops, and biological and economic yield, while not affecting other traits. The logistic dose-response result showed that herbicide required to reduce the weed weight by 50% in the recommended dose of adjuvant was 61.29% and for recommended+50 dose adjuvant was 41.93%. The use of recommended herbicide dosage reduced the weed weight, weed damage, crop damage, plant height, number of fertile tillers, number of seeds per spike, 1000 seed weight, biological yield and economic yield as compared to control. There was no significant difference with 75% recommended dose.

Drought stress is the most important factor of yield reduction of crops such as chickpea and a change in the amount of some internal components in plant. However, research has shown that chickpea has well respond to irrigation. Surfactants, as agronomical factors, are used in the water system to adjust the amount of irrigation. So, the aim of present experiment was evaluated the effect of irrigation concomitant with surfactants solution on yield and morphological characteristics of four chickpea genotypes, at Shahed University research farm in 2012-13.
an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with factorial treatment structure with three replications, Treatments included of three irrigation levels (100, 200, 300 mm) evaporation of class A pan, two levels of surfactant solution (with and without application) and four chickpea genotypes Arman, Azad, Bionij and the Greet. Seeds genotypes tested were prepared from Kermanshah Sararood Dryland Research Center. The seeds after disinfection with fungicides Benomyl (2 per thousand), was done at a depth of approximately five centimeter. Surfactantsolution used for the testing of non- Ionic surfactant brand was Irrigaid Gold that it amount was fixed for all treatments and after the establishment of the plantlets, as water-soluble, were used.
The results showed that the highest growth period, the number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of fertile pods and seed obtained weight at 100 mm evaporation of class A with the use of surfactant. Azad and Arman had the highest and Bionij genotype had the lowest plant height and the highest grain yield (kg ha 9/1541) with irrigation at 100 mm evaporation achieved by the use of surfactant on Greet genotype. The highest average of dry matter (1189 kg per hectare) was obtained by irrigation at 100 mm evaporation with the use of surfactant for Azad genotypes.

In order to study the effect of surfactant solution on of Flax oil and Chicory seed germination indices under salt stress, an experiment was carried out as factorial in a completely randomized design with 3 replications in the laboratory of Science and Seed Technology, Shahed University. Treatments were salinity (control, 3, 6, 9, 12 ds/m) and surfactant solution (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ppm), respectively. In this experiment were studied treatments Shoot length, Root and Seedling, Root to shoot length ratio, germination Percentage, germination rate, Seedling dry weight and Mean germination Time. Results showed that salinity and concentrations of surfactant had significant effect on most traits. So that the salt concentration of 12 ds/m reduced seedling length and germination rate by 8.3% and 20.8% in Flax seed oil, respectively. Also 30% of the dry weight reduced in Chicory plant. Surfactant solution with concentration of 3 ppm increased 107 percent the average seedling root length, 35 percent length, 91 percent of radicle to shoot and seedling dry weight in Flax oil plant. Also the concentration of 2 ppm of surfactant at low salt levels produced the most plumule and radicle length on both plant, and produced the most radicle length and allometric of chicory plant. At high concentration of surfactant with low levels of salinity reduced the average time required for germination. In general, the results showed that surfactant solution can be improved the germination tests, as well as some adjusting for the salinity effect.

Iron (Fe) has a crucial biological role in human and plant growth. This micronutrient is a major player in chloroplast photosynthesis and enzymes. Although some enzymes, such as Fe-dependent superoxide dismutase, use molecular Fe as a cofactor directly, most proteins use Fe-containing factors. Various studies were carried out to understand the effect of nanoparticles on the growth of plants. Nano-particles have high reactivity because of the more specific surface area, more density of reactive areas, or increased reactivity of these areas on the particle surfaces. Sheykhbaglou et al. (2012) showed that application of nano-iron oxide particles increased soybean growth and yield than micro iron particles. Iron deficiency can be corrected by foliar application of iron more efficiently than the soil application of iron sources. To achieve maximum nutrient absorption via foliar applications, a fine mist application with spreading and wetting agents is desired. These agents provide quick wetting of plant tissue and more uniform coverage and as a result more absorption of solutions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of foliar application of nano and micro iron oxide particles with additive material on some physiological traits of green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
This study was arranged as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications to investigate the effects of Fe nano particles (NP) and micro particles (MP) foliar application with additive material on some physiological traits of green bean at the Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology in 2012. Geographically, the site is located in Bastam (36° 29’E, 55° 57’N, 1366 m a.s.l.). The climate of this region is semi-arid. The first factor was foliar application of Fe in five levels (0, 0.25, and 0.5 g L−1; in two forms: NP and MP) and the second factor was additive materials in three levels (0, D.G ADJUVANT and RCP-5). The foliar application was performed 55 days after sowing in the beginning of flowering stage. At harvest, the plant characteristics namely leaf area index, height, pod and leaf iron, chlorophyll, carotenoid and protein were also registered. Statistical analyses of data were performed with statistical software MSTAT-C. Significant differences between means refer to the probability level of 0.05 by LSD test.
Results showed that leaf area index was not affected by treatments. The highest Fe level in leaves (311 mg kg-1) and in pods (51.47 mg kg-1) was obtained by application of 0.25 g L-1 Fe MP D.G ADJUVANT (figures 2 and 3). Bybordi & Mamedov (2010) reported that with spraying of Fe the highest amount of Fe accumulation was obtained in canola leaf. RCP-5.5 g L-1 Fe NP treatment showed the highest pod protein content. Monsef Afshar et al., (2012) represented that foliar application of Fe increased protein percentage of leaf compared to the other treatments. Micro-Nutrients such as Fe and zinc participate in the structure of proteins and also in nitrogen metabolism and thereby may also cause to increase the protein amount. Uhlig & Wissemeier (2000) recorded an increased cuticular penetration of calcium containing surfactants. Leaf and stem tissues can inhibit initial nutrient absorption by means of waxy substances in the cuticle. Thus, it seems that D.G ADJUVANT and RCP-5 have improved the effects of Fe on plant characteristics through increasing absorption of iron especially in low concentrations. Similar to our results Singh et al., (1990) reported that application of iron sulphate and iron pyrite decreased chlorosis and increased chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of groundnut leaves significantly.
Based on the results of the present study, using additive materials such as D.G ADJUVANT and RCP-5 can enhance the effects of iron as nano and micro particles on chlorophyll contents and pod protein of green bean through providing quick wetting of plant tissue and more uniform coverage with increased spray retention by reducing the surface tension of the spray droplets.

This study was conducted to investigate enhancement effects of additives on efficacy of glyphosate at different levels of water hardness on camelthorn control at Abasabad Research Station (Mashhad) during 2009-2010. Two separate experiments were carried out. In the first experiment، Four doses of glyphosate (Rundup SL %41) i. e. 0، 4، 6 and 8 L. ha-1 were separately tank mixed with 0. 1، 0. 25، 0. 5 percent of X-change at three levels of water hardness including 47. 5، 95 and 190 mgL-1 of Mg+2 + Ca+2. In the second experiment، ammonium sulfate at three levels i. e. 0، 3 and 4 percent replaced X-change while other treatments remained intact. Treatments were applied during early May to camelthorn plants. Each treatment was replicated three times. Results revealed that without applying additives to herbicide solution، glyphosate efficacy to reduce plant height was significantly declined at higher levels of water hardiness as ED50 was increased from 2. 478 to 31. 407 L. ha-1. Maximum glyphosate efficiency was observed when X-change was used with concentration of 5%. It could reduce ED50 to 6. 579 L. ha-1 compared to 31. 407 L. ha-1 where no additive was applied at highest level of hardness. Under low and medium ED50، there was no significant difference between xchange and ammonium sulfate.