جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « نانواکسید روی » در نشریات گروه « زراعت »

Water limitation is one of the most important abiotic factors that can limit plant growth and yield due to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) like H2O2 and the reduction of chlorophyll content. To protect against oxidative stress, plant cells produce both antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX), and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as low weight molecules like proline, sugars and ascorbate. Also water limitation disturbs the mineral-nutrient relations in plants through their effects on nutrient availability and numerous of physiological and biochemical destruction in the vegetative and reproductive periods of plant development. Several strategies have been suggested in order to improve yield under abiotic and biotic stresses in plants, among them application of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and nano particles such as nano iron-silicon oxide play a key role in yield improvement. A better understanding of physiological responses under water limitation may help in programs which the objective is to improve the drouht resistance of crop. During the course of these stresses, active solute accumulation of compatible solutes such as proline and the activities CAT, POD and PPO enzymes are claimed to be an effective stress tolerance mechanism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bio-fertilizers and nano iron oxide and nano oxide on some physiological and biochemical (i.e., antioxidant enzyme activity, chlorophyll, protein, soluble sugars and proline) responses of triticale under water limitation conditions.

An experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replicates at the research farm of faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2021. The experimental factors were included of irrigation in three levels (full irrigation as control, irrigation withholding at 50% of booting and heading stages as severe and moderate water limitation respectively (BBCH 43 and 55 respectively), application of bio fertilizers in four levels (no application as control, application of Azospirilum, Pseudomonas, both application Azospirilum and Pseudomonas) and nanoparticles foliar application at four levels (foliar application with water as control, nano iron oxide foliar application (1 g.L-1), nano silicon oxide (50 mg.L-1), both application nano iron-silicon oxide). Psedomunas and Azospirilum were isolated from the rhizospheres of wheat by Research Institute of Soil and Water, Tehran, Iran. For inoculation seeds were coated with gum Arabic as an adhesive and rolled into the suspension of bacteria until uniformly coated. The strains and cell densities of microorganisms used as PGPR in this experiment were 1×108 colony forming units (CFU). In each plot there were 5 rows with 2 m long. In each experimental plot, two marginal rows and 0.5 m from beginning and ending of planting lines were removed data were measured from the middle lines. The used nano silicon-iron oxide had the average particle size less than 30 nm and special surface of particles was more than 30 m2.g-1. They were product of Nanomaterial US Research which was provided by Pishgaman Nanomaterials Company of Iran. Nano iron oxide and nano silicon powder added to deionized water and was placed on ultra sonic equipment (100 W and 40 kHz) on a shaker for better solution. Foliar application of nano silicon oxide and putrecine were done in two stages of period growth BBCH 21 and 30.

The results showed that total chlorophyll content (48.16%), quantum yield (36.05%), relative water content (35.83%) and grain yield (43.28%) increased in dual application of bio fertilizers and nano particles foliar application under full irrigation conditions compared to no application of bio fertilizers and nano particles under irrigation cut off at booting stage. But under such conditions, electrical conductivity, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content decreased 35.67, 53.16 and 56.32% respectively compared to no application of PGPR and nanoparticles under irrigation withholding in booting stage. Also, the application of PGPR and nanoparticles under irrigation cut off in booting stage increased the activity of catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes (47.06, 55.69 and 36.53% respectively), proline and soluble sugars content (45.41 and 46.93% respectively) compared to no application of PGPR and nanoparticles under full irrigation conditions.

Based on the results of this study, the application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and nonoparticle can increase grain yield of triticale under water limitation conditions due to improving biochemical and physiological traits.

In order to evaluate the effect of water deficit stress and foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles on morphophysiological characteristics in Withania coagulans L. landraces, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 3 replications was setup. The experiment included various irrigation regimes (control), (medium stress), (severe stress), four landraces (Fanuj, Khash, Saravan and Sarbaz), with and without foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles. The experiment was conducted in green house of the faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, during 2018-2019. The highest leaf area (538.92 cm2) was related to Sarbaz in control irrigation and the lowest leaf area (245.88 cm2) was related to Khash in severe water deficit stress. Based on the comparison results, the mean of maximum plant dry weight (1.76 g) was related to Sarbaz and control irrigation and the lowest plant dry weight (0.63 g) was related to Fanuj and severe water deficit stress. Also, the highest amount of chlorophyll a (2.55 μmol.g-1) was related to Khash, control irrigation and foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles. The highest amount of chlorophyll b (1.26 μmol.g-1) was related to Fanuj, control irrigation and foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles, which was not significantly different from other landraces. Also, the lowest amount of chlorophyll b (0.62 μmol.g-1) was related to Khash, severe water deficit stress and without foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles. Sarbaz had the highest amount of anthocyanin (0.3 μmol.g-1) in the treatment of severe water deficit stress and lack of foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles, which was not significantly different from Saravan. Also, the lowest amount of anthocyanin (0.146 μmol.g-1) was related to Fanuj in the treatment of severe water deficit stress with foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles. Severe water deficit stress reduced the amount of traits tested. Also, the Sarbaz showed good tolerance to water deficit stress conditions compared to other landraces. The foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles also improved plant growth and increased some of the tested traits under stress conditions.

In order to study the effect of foliar and soil application of Zinc on grain weight and some biochemical traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under soil salinity, an experiment has been conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2018-2019. Experimental factors include soil salinity levels [control and salinity of 30, 60, and 90 mM] and four methods of zinc application [no zinc as control, soil application zinc as ZnSO4, foliar application nano zinc oxide, and combination of soil and foliar application of zinc]. Results show that both application of ZnSo4 and foliar application nano Zn oxide under 90 mM soil salinity condition increase the catalase and peroxidase enzymes activity, anthocyanin, proline, and soluble sugars content by 20.24%, 17.68%, 13.16%, 32.88%, and 14.08%, respectively, in comparison with no application of zinc under 90 mM soil salinity condition. Also, both soil application of ZnSo4 and foliar application of nano Zn oxide under non-salinity condition decrease hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content in comparison with no application of Zinc under 90 mM soil salinity. Both soil application ZnSo4 and foliar application nano Zn oxide under non-salinity condition has had the highest grain weight (1.016 g per plant), compared to the application of this treatment combination at other salinity levels. It seems that both application of ZnSo4 and nano Zn oxide can increase weight yield of wheat under salinity condition due to their ability in improving biochemical traits.

Abstract To study the effects of biofertilizers and foliar application of iron oxide nanoparticles on grain yield and some physiological characteristics of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.), an experiment was carried out as factorial in randomized complete block design with three replications at the growing season of 2017, in Agricultural College of Shahrood University of Technology. Treatments consisted of foliar application of iron oxide nanoparticles at three levels (control, 1.5 and 3 g/L water) as the first factor and biofertilizers at five levels (mycorrhizal fungi Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae and two types of growth promoting rhizobacteria including Azospirillum and Azotobacter solution with control) as the second factor. Results showed that the highest grain yield was obtained from inoculation with mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices .The interaction of foliar application of iron oxide nanoparticles and biofertilizers had a significant effect on antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase, ascorbat peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase as well as total, “a” and “b” chlorophylls. The highest activity of catalase, ascorbat peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes were in 3 g/L water Iron oxide nanoparticles treatment of and non-use of biofertilizers. The highest amount of chlorophyll “a” was obtained from 3 g/L water treatment, with Glomus intraradices and chlorophyll “b” from the combination of two concentrations of iron nano oxide with two mycorrhizal fungi. It seems that among the treatments studied, Glomus intraradices had the highest effect on grain yield of the black cumin and application of 3 g iron nano oxide /L of water was highly effective in the photosynthetic pigmentation increasing and antioxidant enzymes activity.

The applications of bulk and nano zinc oxides have been increased recently, which can cause widespread plant's environment contaminations. This study investigated the effects of commercial bulk ZnO (˂1,000 nm) and nano ZnO (25 nm) on Nicotiana tabacum. Seeds were treated with ten concentrations of two forms (bulk and nano) ZnO (0.04, 0.2, 2.5, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm) and dionized water used as control, at three replications. Number of germinated seeds was counted until 14th days. Some quantify and quality traits were investigated on 21th day. The results showed that both forms had no positive effect on final germination percentage (FGP) and time to reach 50% germination (T50%) but mean of germination time (MGT) and coefficient of uniformity of germination (CUG) were increased, especially by high concentrations of nano-form. Nano-ZnO (50 ppm and upper) and the bulk ZnO treatments (100 ppm and upper) decreased the length of hypocotyl, but inhibitory effects on radical length appeared at the lower levels of bulk form (0.2 ppm and upper) and all nano-ZnO levels. Most of treatments, especially at high concentrations, showed a negative effect on the tolerance indices such as relative hypocotyl length, root tolerance, germination tolerance, and allometric coefficient.These inhibitory effects were happened in the lower levels of nano-form compared to bulk-form. Pallid cotyledon’s color and asleep seedlings, which were observed at upper than 100 ppm, could be due to decreased chlorophyll and some changes in the amount of growth regulators.

Utilizing biological fertilizer is a proper and cheap method for crop production. Potentially, soybean can be used as biological fertilizers and seed inoculation. Zinc is an essential element that have positive effects on plant growth and its development. Canola, sunflower, soybean and safflower are the main cultivated oilseeds in Iran. Soybean production in Iran is very low as compared to other countries. One of the most effective factor in increasing the soybean yield is seed inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and application of Zinc fertilizer. Some of the benefits provided by PGPR are the ability to produce gibberellic acid, cytokinins and ethylene, N2 fixation, solubilization of mineral phosphates and other nutrients (56). Numerous studies have shown a substantial increase in dry matter accumulation and seed yield following inoculation with PGPR. Seyed Sharifi (45) reported that seed inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum strain 5 increased all of the growth indices such as total dry matter, crop growth rate and relative growth rate. Increasing and extending the role of biofertilizers such as Rhizobium can reduce the need for chemical fertilizers and decrease adverse environmental effects. Therefore, in the development and implementation of sustainable agricultural techniques, biofertilization has great importance in alleviating environmental pollution and deterioration of the nature. As a legume, soybean can obtain a significant portion (4-85%) of its nitrogen requirement through symbiotic N2 fixation when grown in association with effective and compatible Rhizobium strains. Since there is little available information on nano-zinc oxide and seed inoculation by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield in the agro-ecological growing zones of Ardabil province of Iran. Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate the effects of nano-zinc oxide and seed inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria application on yield, yield components and grain filling period of soybean. In order to study the effects of Nano-Zinc oxide and seed inoculation with Brady rhizobium and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on yield and some agronomic characteristics of soybean, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2013 at the research farm of the Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch. Factors were included foliar application of Nano-Zinc oxide at four levels (Zero as control, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 g l-1) and seed inoculation with Brady rhizobium and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria at five levels (without inoculation as control, seed inoculation with Brady rhizobium japanicum, seed inoculation with Brady rhizobium japanicum+Azosprillum lipoferum strain OF, seed inoculation with Brady rhizobium japanicum+Psedomonas putida, seed inoculation with Brady rhizobium japanicum+ Azosprillum lipoferum strain OF+ Psedomonas putida. The results of growth indices showed that the maximum total dry matter (530 g m-2), crop growth rate (9.48 g.m-2.day-1) and relative growth rate (0.1 g.g-1.day-1) were obtained at foliar application of 0.9 g l-1 Nano-Zinc oxide×seed inoculation with rhizobium+Azosprillum+ Psedomonas and the least of these indices were obtained without of foliar application Nano-Zinc oxide × seed inoculation. The results showed that plant height, the number of nodules per plant, the number of pod per plant, grain yield and grain 100 weight were significantly affected by Nano-Zinc oxide, seed inoculation and interaction of Nano-Zinc oxide×seed inoculation. Maximum of plant height, grain 100 weight, the number of nodules per plant and grain yield were obtained at foliar application of 0.9 g l-1 of Nano-Zinc oxide×seed inoculation with rhizobium and PGPR. Dry weight of nodules per plant, the number of pod per plant and the number of grains per plant inceased by increasing of Nano-Zinc oxide application. Similar results were obtained in seed inoculation with rhizobium+PGPR. In order to increase the grain yield, growth indices and some agronomic characteristics of soybean, it is suggested to apply 0.9 g l-1 of Nano-Zinc oxide and at seed inoculation with rhizobium and PGPR. Based on the results, it was concluded that application of 0.9 g l-1 of Nano-Zinc oxide and at seed inoculation with rhizobium and PGPR can be recommended for profitable soybean production in the study area.

To study the effects of nano-zinc oxide and seed inoculation with brady rhizobium and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on yield and some agronomic traits of soybean، a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2013 at the research farm of the Islamic Azad University، Ardabil Branch. Treatments were foliar application of nano-zinc oxide at four levels (zero، 0. 3، 0. 6 and 0. 9 gr/litr) and seed inoculation with brady rhizobium and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria at five levels (without inoculation as control، seed inoculation with brady Rhizobium japanicum، seed inoculation with brady rhizobium R. japanicum + Azosprillum lipoferum strain OF، seed inoculation with brady Rhizobium japanicum + Psedomonas putida strain 41، seed inoculation with brady Rhizobium japanicum + Azosprillum lipoferum + Psedomonas putida. The results showed that maximum of plant height، grain 100 weights، the number of nodules per plant and grain yield، total dry matter (530 gr/m2)، crop growth rate (9. 48 gr/m2. day) and relative growth rate (0. 1 gr/gr. day) were obtained at foliar application of 0. 9 gr/litr nano-zinc oxide + seed inoculation with rhizobium + Azosprillum + Psedomonas and the least of these indices were obtained at without foliar application of nano-zinc oxide + seed inoculation. It seems that using 0. 9 gr/lit of nano-zinc oxide × seed inoculation with rhizobium and PGPR could increase the grain yield and some agronomic traits of soybean and can be recommended to the growers.

Application of zinc can improve the tolerance and resistance of plants especially sunflower to environmental stresses and be effective on kernel set and yield. To investigate the effects of zinc oxide nano particles on the length, effective period, rate of kernel filling and kernel weight in sunflower cultivars, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Treatments were three sunflower cultivars as Aline 191, Aline 122 and Farrokh and three concentrations of nano zinc oxide including 0, 0.5 and 1 g lit-1 which sprayed at three stages. Results showed that interaction of cultivar and nano zinc oxide was significant on kernel filling rate, effective period of kernel filling, maximum kernel weight and duration of kernel filling. Rate of filling and maximum kernel weight increased with 0.5 g lit-1 spraying of Nano zinc oxide in Aline 191 and 122, but in Farrokh cultivar was significantly reduced in comparison to the control. Also, no significant difference was found between 0, 0.5 and 1 g lit-1 of nano zinc oxide on kernel filling rate, effective kernel filling period and duration in Farrokh cultivar. In conclusion, foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles led to improvement of kernel weight and their filling parameters and more appropriate response was observed in foreign cultivars for this treatment, while final kernel weight decreased in Farrokh cultivar. Therefore, it can be used 0.5 g lit-1 of nano zinc oxide for increasing grain yield in foreign cultivars of Aline.

An experiment was conducted as a split plot based on complete randomized block design with three replications in the fall of 2010 at the farm of Lorestan University، Khorramabad، Iran. Four winter wheat cultivars (Marvdasht، Azar، Shiraz and Line M-79-7) as the main plot and levels of iron oxide nanoparticles (ION) along with control treatment were the subplot. Iron fertilizer spraying was done in two stages: beginning the stem elongation and beginning the flowering. The results showed the significant differences between the cultivars in relation to many traits including leaf area duration، net assimilation rate، growth rate، relative growth rate، grain and biological yield، harvest index، SDS sediment، grain protein and iron. Marvdasht cultivar was superior to the others because of grain yield (6. 4 t/ha under 250 ppm of ION)، grain protein (15. 39% under 500 ppm ION) and grain iron (202. 4 ppm under 1000 ppm of ION). But in terms of sediment volume of SDS، Shiraz cultivar (74. 33 mm under 750 ppm of ION) was higher than the others. Generally، foliar application of ION improved some physiological parameters and grain yield، harvest index، sediment SDS، grain protein and iron of all varieties and line M-79-7. Overall، 750 ppm of ION was the most effective for improvement of SDS and grain iron content meanwhile 500 ppm of ION was better for leaf area duration. The importance of the role of iron in plant physiology on the one hand، and difficulties in calcareous soils in relation to providing enough iron requirement for the plant at the other hand، show more necessity of using iron fertilizer especially as foliar application method. It can be said that the iron fertilizer can improve crop growth and yield also nutritional value by increase in iron and protein.