جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کوشیا » در نشریات گروه « زراعت »

In recent years shortage of water and necessity of forage production have led to a tendency towards low-input plants such as Kochia. Kochia, that plant that, in addition to drought and salinity tolerance, have the potential to produce forage in less favorable environmental conditions. To evaluate forage yield and quality of Kochia as affected by drought stress, plant density and harvesting stage a field experiment was conducted in 2020 and 2021 at the Jupar agricultural research rtation of Kerman. The experiment was carried out as split plot factorial arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications. Drought stress at three levels; irrigation at 50%, 70% and 90% depletion of soil available moisture were assigned to main plots and two planting density; 33.3 and 16.6 plant m-2 and two harvesting stages; vegetative growth stage (55 days after emergence) and flowering stage as factorial were randomized in sub plots. In irrigation at 50% and 90% soil available moisture depletion dry forage yield was 7.15 and 6.45 ton ha-1, respectively, however, this difference was not significant. Harvesting at the flowering stage with production of 31.30 ton ha-1 of fresh forage and 8.96 ton ha-1 of dry forage was significantly superior in comparison with other treatments. The highest amount of forage protein (10.94%), and the lowest amount of NDF (%50.6) and ADF (%33.8) were obtained in the severe drought stress (90% depletion of soil available moisture). Harvesting at the flowering stage had lower protein and higher NDF than vegetative growth stage. The results of this study indicated that it is possible to produce 4.5 ton ha-1 of dry forage by harvesting at vegetative growth stage and 8.5 t ha-1 of dry forage at the flowering stage by application of irrigation at 70% to 90% soil available moisture depletion.

Pear (Pyrus communis L.) is the second (after apple) important fruit in the world. There are a lot of local cultivars in our country but there isn’t any exact history of how to select and access to these varieties. This research carried out to evaluate the physicochemical and morphological characteristics in order to identify some native and foreign pear cultivars cultivated in Khorasan Razavi province. Native varieties: Sebri (Asian pear) and Domkajkaraj, also foreign cultivars Williams, Spadona and Koshia were studied at Esteghlal orchard in Khorasan Razavi province during 2 years (2011 and 2012) and 61 different traits related to the tree, leaves, blossoms and physicochemical properties of fruit were evaluated in a completely randomized in the design with 10 replicates. The results showed that Sebri was very late matured and the others were middle. Koshia had a maximum Brix° value (16.35 percent) among cultivars. Between leaf length/ leaf width fruit diameter (0.78±0.07), leaf width ratio (0.77±0.07), fruit weight, width blossom (0.78±0.7), fruit weight, fruit diameter (0.98±0.02), fruit length to diameter ratio with TSS (0.80±0.06) had positive and significant correlation of 1 percent probability level

Applications of chemical substances such as triazoles can alleviate the environmental stresses like cold stress. Therefore, a factorial experimental based on completely randomized design was conducted. Different concentrations of paclobutrazol (0, 10, 20 mg per liter) were applied on seedling roots environment before freezing stress and after that plants were exposed to freezing temperatures (0, -3, -6, -9, -12 and -16°C) under controlled conditions. Before applying freezing temperatures, soluble sugar, proline, total phenol, photosynthetic pigments and DPPH radical scavenging activity were measured. Following exposure to freezing temperatures, cell membrane stability and a temperature lethal to 50% of samples based on electrolyte leakage (LT50el) were determined. Survival and regrowth of plants were determined at three weeks after seedlings recovery under natural conditions. Results showed that the electrolyte leakage remained constant where the temperature was reduced to -9°C, and reducing the temperature to -12° C caused a sharp increase in electrolyte leakage. Moreover, plants survival was not influenced up to -9 ° C, but reducing the temperature to -12°C caused a significant reduction in plant survival. Paclobutrazol application increased chlorophyll a, b, DPPH radical scavenging activity and survival in kochia, whereas decreased proline, soluble carbohydrates, total phenol concentration and electrolyte leakage. Influence of Interaction between temperature and population on total pigments indicated an increase in pigment content in Broojerd population at 20 milligrams per liter of paclobutrazol, and proline and carbohydrates contents were significantly greater in Sabzevar population where no paclobutrazol was applied. Generally, application of 10 and 20 milligrams per liter of paclobutrazol prevented a severe reduction of kochia plants survival under freezing stress.

In order to investigate the effects of different salinity stress and plant densities on quantitative and qualitative forage and grain yields of Kochia, a randomized complete blocks design used in factorial arrangement with three replications. A field study was conducted in 2011 cropping season in Agriculture Experiment Satiation, College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch. Treatment consisted of three levels of salinity stress (4.1, 18 and 32 dS/m) and four plant densities (10, 20, 30 and 40 plant m-2). The analysis of variance showed that the effects of salinity on grain yield, 1000 grain weight, plant height, stem diameter, forage yield, forage protein, protein yield, dry matter digestibility percent, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and ash amount were significant. With increasing salinity stress levels, the grain yield, 1000 grain weight, plant height, stem diameter, forage yield, forage protein, protein yield, dry matter digestibility percent and ash decreased, while ADF increased. Maximum grain and forage yield were obtained with irrigation of 4.1 dS/m with an average yield of 2677.9 and 33907 kg ha-1 and the minimum were obtained with irrigation of 32 dS/m with an average yield of 932.4 and 10911 kg ha-1 respectively. Effects of plant densities on grain and forage yield and stem diameter were significant. Maximum grain yield were obtained with plant densities of 20 plant m-2 with an average yield of 2262.9 kg ha-1 and the minimum were obtained with plant densities of 10 plant m-2 with an average 1459.3 kg ha-1. The results obtained from this study showed that, the best Kochia forage production were obtained with 18 dS/m irrigation water and plant densities of 30 plant m-2 and 20 plant m-2 for grain production. These results can be used for Arak region and areas that are similar climate.

AField experiment was conducted at Research Farms of Center of Excellence for Special Crops, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran, in 2006 to evaluate the effect of planting density on forage and grain yield of kochia (Kochia scoparia). Experimental design was a randomized complete block with split-plot arrangement of treatments,with three replications, where different planting densities (10, 20, 30 and 40 plant m-2) were assigned to main plots and number of cutting (including a single cutting, two cutting and no cutting i.e. allowing the crop to grow until maturity) allocated to sub-plots. At each harvest date (cutting) the biological yield, leaf and stem dry weight, plant height, number of branches and the individual plant biomass were measured. Grain yield and thousand seed weight were also determined at the end of growing season. Result showed the highest biological yield and leaf and stem dry weights for kochia obtaind at 30 plant m-2. The total biomass, leaf and stem dry weights, plant height, number of branches were greater for the first cutting as compared to the second cutting. Planting density and cutting number interacted to affect the leaf dry weight. At physiological maturity stage there were no significant differences among planting densities for plant height and number of branches. The best planting density, in terms of biomass production and leaf and stem dry weight, was found as 30 plant m-2, while for grain production a planting density of 20 plant m-2 could be recommended.