جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "durum" در نشریات گروه "زراعت"

The new durum wheat cultivar, Sana (line DM-93-8) was initially introduced as a breeding line through 43rd International Durum Screening Nursery (IDSN) received from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CYMMIT) and was evaluated in Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII) in Karaj. Sana was selected for further evaluations based on its high grain yield (7750 kgha-1) at the subsequent years. This line had average grain yield of 9675 kgha-1 in the regional preliminary yield trial in 2012-2013 cropping season. Line DM-93-8 had average grain yield of 6827 kgha-1 in the advanced yield trial, with no considerable difference with Dena check cultivar having grain yield of 6973 kgha-1 in 2013-2014, therefore this line was selected for the further evaluations. The regional elite yield trials were conducted in four stations of Isfahan, Karaj, Kermanshah and Neishabour in 2014-15 and 2015-16.  This line with 9025 kgha-1 had 16% higher grain yield than Dena check cultivar, with grain yield of 7779 kgha-1, and therefore was selected as superior line based on its grain yield and yield stability. Sana also has high quality of semolina, high protein content (12.2%) and high percentage of wet gluten (27%). The results of on-farm trials showed that this cultivar exhibited a 6% higher grain yield than newly released variety, Hana, as a local check in Kermanshah. Therefore, based on its high grain yield, yield stability, quality of semolina and its good level of resistance to yellow and leaf rusts, line DM-93-8 was released as a new durum wheat cultivar with the name of Sana for moderate agro-climate zone of Iran.

The new durum wheat cultivar, Sana (line DM-93-8) was initially introduced as a breeding line through 43rd International Durum Screening Nursery (IDSN) received from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CYMMIT) and was evaluated in Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII) in Karaj. Sana was selected for further evaluations based on its high grain yield (7750 kgha-1) at the subsequent years. This line had average grain yield of 9675 kgha-1 in the regional preliminary yield trial in 2012-2013 cropping season. Line DM-93-8 had average grain yield of 6827 kgha-1 in the advanced yield trial, with no considerable difference with Dena check cultivar having grain yield of 6973 kgha-1 in 2013-2014, therefore this line was selected for the further evaluations. The regional elite yield trials were conducted in four stations of Isfahan, Karaj, Kermanshah and Neishabour in 2014-15 and 2015-16.  This line with 9025 kgha-1 had 16% higher grain yield than Dena check cultivar, with grain yield of 7779 kgha-1, and therefore was selected as superior line based on its grain yield and yield stability. Sana also has high quality of semolina, high protein content (12.2%) and high percentage of wet gluten (27%). The results of on-farm trials showed that this cultivar exhibited a 6% higher grain yield than newly released variety, Hana, as a local check in Kermanshah. Therefore, based on its high grain yield, yield stability, quality of semolina and its good level of resistance to yellow and leaf rusts, line DM-93-8 was released as a new durum wheat cultivar with the name of Sana for moderate agro-climate zone of Iran.

Due to inadequate agricultural water in warm area of Iran, Identification and introduction of stable and adaptable genotypes with high grain yield in non-stress and drought stress conditions is the most important issue in durum wheat breeding program. In order to study adaptability and grain yield stability of durum wheat genotypes in non-stress and terminal drought stress conditions, 19 durum line/cultivars along with Mehregan, as a check commercial bread wheat cultivar, were used. Genotypes assessed in four locations, i.e. Ahvaz and Darab for drought stress conditions and Dezful and Khorramabad for normal conditions in two cultivation years, 2017-18 and 2018-19. The experiments were conducted in a RCBD design with three replications. For grain yield, combined analyses of variance and stability analysis using parametric and non-parametric methods such as AMMI, Ranking and STDEV of Ranking were undertaken. Based on the results, Genotypes with specific adaptation were included: D-96-4 and D-96-6 for Khorramabad; D-96-5, D-96-9 and D-96-18 for Ahvaz; D-96-3(Mehregan) and D-96-16 for Darab and Dezful. Genotypes D-96-11, D-96-17, D-96-18 and D-96-20 were selected as stable and wide adaptable based on mean yield and ASV parameter in AMMI1 model and genotypes D-96-13 and D-96-18 were selected based on ranking and STDEV of ranking. Finally, based on the results of two methods, Genotype D-96-18 with high grain yield and the low G×E interaction was selected as a superior durum wheat line in both non-stress and drought stress conditions.

Genotype × environment interactions make it difficult to release high yielding durum varieties for diverse environmental conditions. The main purpose of this study was to achieve high yielding durum wheat genotypes with higher yield stability in different environmental conditions, tolerance to environmental stresses such as cold damage, terminal drought, and heat stresses. Hence, 16 durum wheat lines were evaluated for grain yield stability and morphological traits in Maragheh, Sararood, Qamloo, Ardabil and Urmia Agricultural Research Stations in 2012-15. In each location, the experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Based on combined ANOVA, there were significant differences among the environments (E), genotypes (G) and G×E. GGE-biplot analysis showed that the 14 environments belonged to 3 mega-environments, and different genotypes had higher yield in each mega-environments. The AMMI and GGE results also confirmed that genotypes 2 (G-1252) and 3 (61-130/414-44//…) were the most high-yielding durum lines with reasonable yield stability across environments. Also, genotype 10 was the most adapted genotype to Ardabil. Line 61-130/414-44//… had 60, 11, 31, 10 and 17% more yield than check line (Saji) in Maragheh, Sararood, Qamloo, Ardabil and Urmia under rainfed conditions, respectively. Hence, these lines can be candiates to release as new durum varieties for cold and moderate rainfed areas. Complementary irrigation could increase grain yield up to 14 and 68% in Maragheh and Sararood, respectively. It can be concluded that finding new stable high-yielding durum lines, with better performances, as compared to the existed varieties, is a great progress in durum breeding programs in cold rainfed areas. Moreover, the GGE biplot and AMMI analysis had good performance in adaptability and yield stability analysis in durum genotypes and could be used to evaluate durum genotypes at different locations over the years in durum breeding programs.

Wheat grain yield is adversely affected by post-anthesis drought stress conditions in most wheat growing areas of Iran. To evaluate the effect of late drought stress on wheat cultivars, a field experiment was conducted as split plot in a completely randomized block design with four replications at experimental farm of Collage of Agriculture, Shiraz University during 2009-2010 growing season. Irrigation regime (normal and cut off after flowering) and wheat cultivars were in main plots and subplots, respectively. There were ten bread wheat and five durum wheat cultivars. The result showed that post-anthesis drought stress reduced biological yield, grain yield, number of grain per spike, 1000 grain weight, and harvest index significantly. Maximum grain yield in the normal irrigation and late season drought stress was detected in Moghan2 and Shiroudi, respectively. Mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP) and stress tolerance index (STI) showed positive and significant correlation with yield in both stress and non-stress conditions. It appeared that MP, GMP and STI were appropriate indices for selection of cultivars resistant to late season drought stress conditions. In this experiment, Moghan2 and Adl cultivars showed higher potential yield as well as greater relative resistance to late season drought stress.