جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « madder » در نشریات گروه « زراعت »

The roots of the madder plant (Rubinia tinctorum) contain some pigments that can be used to produce the red dyes. In order to study the effect of salinity on alterations in the amount of plant pigment an experiment was conducted according to a completely randomized design with three replications. Based on the CIE XYZ color space model designed close to human color vision, the results showed that increasing soil salinity decreased the value of The lightness value parameter (L*), but the A* (redness and greenness) and B* (yellowness and blueness) values were increased with increasing soil salinity up to the level of 8 dSm-1. There was a significant positive correlation between A* value and Ca + Mg and a significant negative correlation between L* value and Ca+Mg at the 5% level. Fitting three nonlinear regression model to data, simulated and described the variation of colorimetric specification of woolen samples dyed under different madder dyes and salinity conditions. These models proved to be an appropriate and reasonable link between madder growth conditions and colorimetric specification of woolen samples dyed such as L*, A* and B* values. Due to the high resistant characteristics of madder to salinity, increasing salinity in the madder root zone lead to acceptable quality and efficiency of pigment production and to expand the possibilities for economic production of Rubinia tinctorum in soil salinity in the central arid region of Iran

  Salinity is an important environmental tension limiting growth and productivity of plants worldwide. About 7% of the world’s total land area is affected by different degrees of salinity. Saline soil can be defined as soil having an electrical conductivity of the saturated paste extract (ECe) of 4 dSm−1 (4 dSm−1 ∼40mM NaCl) or more. The harmful effects of high salinity on plants can be observed in different levels such as the death of plants or necrosis of plant organs and/or decreases in productivity. Some tolerant plants develop mechanisms either to exclude salt from their cells or to tolerate its presence within cells. Major processes such as photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and energy and lipid metabolism are affected in plants during the beginning and development of salinity stress.
Oenothera biennis L., an important medicinal plant, known as evening primrose. Organic fertilizers develop favorable physical, chemical and biological environment in the soil. They stimulate plant root growth, increase nutrient uptake and soil water-holding capacity, decreases evaporation from the soil and surface water runoff, facilitate drainage, regulate soil temperature and provide a rich substrate for soil microbes. This study was conducted to determine the effects of soil salinity and organic amendments on some growth characteristics, concentration of phosphorus, sodium and potassium and catalase enzyme activity in evening primrose plant (Oenothera biennis L.). Material and In a factorial experiment and completely randomized design (CRD), six levels of organic amendments (control (without soil amendments), 1.5 and 3 g.L-1 mycorrhizal fungi, 16 and 32 mg l-1 humic acid and 25% v/v madder residue plant) and three levels of soil salinity (4, 7 and 12 dS.m-1) with three replications per treatments were applied in Mahmoodabad research field of Esfahan municipality. In this experiment, media without organic amendment was considered as control. Results showed that increasing soil salinity levels progressively decreased the growth characteristics and nutrients concentration. Salinity causes growth reduction due to the low osmotic potential of the medium and by a specific ion effect as a secondary cause in several vegetable crops. The results of present study showed that the organic media can improve plant height. This can be due to increased media moisture storage and enhanced nutrient absorption. In EC = 4 dS.m-1 the highest plant height, root length and P concentration obtained in plants treated with 3 g/kg mycorrhizal fungi. Where in 7 and 12 dS.m-1 salt, organic matter showed the best effect on relative water conductivity, reducing time to flowering, increasing the P and K concentration, fresh and dry weigh of root and shoot, also ratio of dry weight to fresh weight. Mycorrhizal treatment in 7 dS.m-1 showed the highest root length. In 12 the most dry weighet of root, ratio of dry weight to fresh weight, the number of active leaves and K concentration in 16 mg/l humic acid and the most number of active leaves, chlorophyll and the lowest concentration of Na obtained in madder residue plant. Also madder residue plant reduced Na concentration in 7 and 12 dS.m-1 levels. In 12 dS.m-1 plants didn’t show reproductive phase, but adding soil amendments caused flowering induction. Excess soluble salts in the root zone restrict plant roots from withdrawing water from surrounding soil, effectively and causes drought for the plant. The loss of photosynthesis in salt stress condition resulted in the loss of dry weight production at the leaf level of evening primrose. Generally, all treatments in all salt levels caused increasing growth and yield of plant. According to the results, it is cleared that in normal condition, evening primrose plant could tolerate salt stress until 7 dS.m-1 but by suitable media culture its threshold tolerate will be increased until 12 dS.m-1. Also it was revealed that all treatments could increase plant tolerate to salt stress and growth characteristics.

This study was to investigate the effects of urea and phosphate on madder in saline conditions at research farm of Isfahan Agricultural Research Center located in the city Rodasht was done. A factorial experiment with three replications and two factors in a randomized block design was designed. The first factor was urea with 4 levels of zero, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha and the second factor was Triple Super Phosphate fertilizer with 4 levels of zero, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha. Vegetative growth characteristics such as plant height, leaf dry weight, leaf area, panicle length and weight of 1000 fruit, shoot and root yield were measured. Analysis of variance in the third year, showed the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on plant growth characteristics of madder else the leaf area, panicle length and 1000 fruits weight was statistically significant. The highest yield of shoots was obtained due to application of 150 kg/ha urea and 150 kg/ ha triple super phosphate. The highest yield of roots was obtained due to application of 100 kg/ha urea and 100 kg/ ha triple super phosphate.