جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « quantity traits » در نشریات گروه « زراعت »

The Cucurbitaceae family is the second largest horticultural family in terms of economic importance after Solanaceae (1). The genus Cucurbita (2x = 2n = 40), encompasses three economically important crop species such as Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita moschata, and Cucurbita maxima, cultivated throughout temperate, sub-tropical, and tropical regions (3). Cucurbita pepo L. is the most widely grown and polymorphic of the Cucurbita species (2). Roasted summer squash seeds are used as nut in many cultures worldwide. Production of summer squash in Iran is based on local populations that are combined from several genotypes due to their cross-pollination nature. This lack of uniformity affects both the quantity and quality of squash yield and reduces the marketability of nuts. The purpose of this research was to produce various advanced inbred lines of summer squash by using local germplasm and purifying indigenous populations and also to select superior inbred lines in terms of fruit yield and other desirable agricultural traits that can be used in the production of hybrid cultivars with superior quantity and quality of fruit yield attributes.

In order to preserve internal genetic resources and produce advanced summer squash inbred lines, 83 S6 inbred lines were produced by inducing self-pollination from seven local populations. These genetic resources were obtained by planting the lines twice a year (spring planting at Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center and fall planting at Southern Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center) from 2018 to 2021. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used to evaluate fruit yield attributes of selected S6 inbred lines and their parental local populations. The following quantitative traits were considered in this study: fruits/plant, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, seed yield/m2, seed yield/fruit yield ratio, seed length, seed width, percentage of empty seeds and 1000-seeds weight. Also, Panel test was performed to evaluate the suitability of nuts from a consumer perspective for the following traits: separation of skin from the kernel, taste quality and desirability of seeds shape and size from the consumer's point of view, with six testers. The experimental data were statistically analyzed for variance using the R version 3.5.1. Least significant difference (LSD) test at the probability level of 1% was used to compare the means of each trait. The heat map was created by R version 3.5.1.

The results of analysis of variance at the probability level of 1% indicated that the studied genotypes had significant differences in most of the traits including seed yield/m2, mean of fruits weight, fruits/plant, fruit length, fruit width, seed yield/fruit yield ratio, seed length, seed width, percentage of empty seeds and 1000-seeds weight, taste quality and desirability of seeds shape and size. Based on LSD mean comparison of the traits in selected S6 inbred lines and their parental local populations, the highest seed yield/m2 was observed in line#34 and the highest values of other traits with significant difference were as follows: fruits/plant in line#34, both mean of fruit weight and mean of fruit length in line#248 and line#249, fruit diameter in line#84 and Radkan parental genotype, seed yield/fruit yield ratio in Noodijeh parental genotype, seed length in Noodijeh parental genotype, line#24 and line#32, seed diameter in line#222, 1000-seeds weight in line#249, taste quality in line#224, and desirability of seed shape and size from the consumer's point of view in line#222 and line#34. The results of correlation analysis also showed that the seed yield/m2 had a positive and significant correlation with fruits/plant (r=0.73), but there was no significant relationship with fruit weight. The results suggest that populations with larger fruit weight and size produce fewer fruits; as a result, it reduces the seed yield. In fruits, as the length-to-width ratio increased, there was a trend toward decreased seed number, especially in the peduncular end of the fruit. It seems that breeding and selection for a greater number of small fruits is better than selecting plants with larger fruits. Also, managing agricultural operations, which increase the number of fruits, will increase seed yield/m2.

Based on the results lines #32, 34, 59, 195, 222, 224 and 252 were selected to be used in the breeding programs of cultivar production in future researches. Line#34 can be used as a promising line in compatibility and DUS projects.

In order to increasing forage production in country, mix-cropping cropping of Persian clover cultivars (single and multi-cuts) is simple and cheap method. In this experiment, mixed seed with 5 level including 0-100,100-0,50-50,40-60, and 60-40 and seed density with 3 levels of 10,15 and 20 kg/ha has been carried out as a factorial design with the base of randomized completely block design (RCBD) in Seed and Plant Improvement Institute for two years (2012-13). The results of two years study showed that mix cropping of Persian clover (single and multi-cuts) cultivars caused 30% forage increase yield, 32% dry matter yield and 8% percentage crud protein with sole cultivation. In generally with increase seed rate of one cut cultivar in mix cropping caused higher forage quality and increasing of seed rate in multi-cut cultivar, created higher forage quantity. According to the obtained results, the highest dry matter yield with 5.24 t/ha was obtained from the treatment of 50% Persian clover (single cut) and 50% multiple cut Persian clover whit using 15 kg/ha seed rate. Computation of LER (Land Equivalent Ratio) showed that the treatment of 50% Persian clover (single cut) and 50% multiple cut Persian clover and seed rate 15 kg/ha with LER=2.18, 1.99 and 2.17 for forage yield, dry matter yield and percentage crud protein respectively and the best mix cropping model in clover agronomy recommended.

The effects of application different amount cattle manure on some of quality and quantity characteristics such as plant height, stem diameter, head diameter, biological yield, seed yield, oil in seed and protein in seed on hybrids sunflower hybrids was investigated in 2008. This experiment was conducted at Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Station of Uremia. The experimental design was factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Cattle manure levels with 0, 15, 30 and 45 t/ha as first factor and Iroflower, Alstare and Golshid varieties were as second factor. Results showed that application of cattle manure had significant effect on head diameter and biological yield at 1% and stem diameter at 5% probability levels. In addition, it was cleared that by increasing cattle manure application, stem diameter, head diameter, biological and seed yield were increased. The Golshid variety was superior in all traits except oil percentage. Interaction effect between cattle manure and variety was significant only in biological yield. There was positive significant correlation between seed yield and all the traits except oil percentage. regard to results of this experiment, it is expecting that by application of 30 t/ha cattle manure, an economical yield could be obtained from sunflower hybrids.