جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "sugar yield" در نشریات گروه "زراعت"

Sugar beet cultivation faces significant challenges from diseases such as rhizomania and cyst nematode, both in Iran and globally. The most effective and straightforward approach to mitigate the damage caused by these diseases is the use of resistant varieties. The Hosna cultivar was developed after extensive preliminary and advanced research. This variety was produced by crossing a pollinator inbred line from the SB27 population, which carried resistance genes for both rhizomania and cyst nematode, with a monogerm single cross maternal line. A value-for-cultivation and use (VCU) test was conducted in Hamadan, Mashhad, Shiraz, and Miandoab under rhizomania-infected conditions and in Karaj under non-infected conditions to evaluate this variety's performance. Simultaneously, the resistance of the hybrids to cyst nematode was evaluated in another experiment under controlled conditions (greenhouse). The results showed the superior performance of Hosna cultivar, which produced an average white sugar yield of 11.52 tha-1, outperforming the foreign control variety Azare (11.36 tha-1) and the domestic control varieties Shokoufa and Arta (10.19 and 10.12 tha-1, respectively). However, no significant difference was found between Hosna and the foreign control Rosier (12.02 tha-1). Hosna is a diploid monogerm cultivar, resistant to both rhizomania and cyst nematode, and suitable for spring cultivation across various regions of the country. In addition to its disease resistance, this cultivar has a high potential for sugar yield.

Two separate trials were conducted as a factorial design based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Shahid Moghbeli Agricultural Research Center in Jiroft, Iran in two cropping seasons (2016-17 and 2017-18). In the first trial, the effects of planting method including direct planting and transplanting on different sugar beet cultivars including Palma, Sharif, and Merak were evaluated, and then in the second trial, among studied cultivars, a high yield cultivar (Merak) was selected. Also, the effect of irrigation time (based on 50, 70, and 90% of water requirement) and planting methods on its quantitative and qualitative yield were evaluated. In the first trial, the highest root dry matter, extraction coefficient of sugar, sugar content, root weight, root length, fresh leaf weight, root yield and sugar yield were obtained for Merak cultivar and transplanting. The result of the second trial showed that the irrigation time based on 70% of water requirement led to the highest root and sugar yield along with a significant improvement in water use efficiency. In addition, as transplanting improved root yield and sugar yield, therefore, transplanting method with irrigation at the time of 70% of water requirement is recommended to obtain optimal root yield and sugar yield.

This study attempts to evaluate the effects of planting date and spraying CCC on some biochemical characteristics and qualitative and quantitative yield of sugar beet. It has conducted an experiment, using a Split factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2015-2016 growth season in field experiment of university of Abourayhan, Tehran University. The treatments include planting date (2nd of October and 22nd of October) as the main factor and cultivars (Suprima and 9597) and foliar spraying (1000 ppm) / non-application of CCC as sub plots. The results show that the highest percentage of bolting (54.58%) and sodium content (equivalent to 9.16 mEq / 100 g of sugar beet pulp) take place on October 2, while the highest root yield (26.15 ton per hectare) and white sugar yield (equal to 1.44 tons per hectare) happen on October 22. Also, it has been observed that most values of the studied traits (except bolting percentage and sodium content of sugar beet pulp) have occurred through the cultivation of Suprema with CCC spraying. Overall, it can be concluded that the best conditions to determine the best root and sugar yield in the area of ​​research, on 22nd of October, the Suprima and application of 1000 ppm are recommended in order to cultivate sugar beet in the Pakdasht area.

In order to investigate the effect of different nutrition systems (chemical, organic, chemical+organic, and control) on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sugar beet in various planting methods (direct planting, potting, and transplanting), an experiment has been conducted as split plot in randomized complete block design with three replicates between 2016 and 2018 in a field, 75 km northwest of Sabzevar. The results show that in the first year, the highest root yield (84.34tha-1) has been obtained from the potting method and chemical along with organic fertilizer application. In the second year, the highest yield (82.96tha-1) belongs to the chemical and organic fertilizer treatment in transplanting method. In both years, the highest sugar content has been obtained from control treatment and direct planting, with transplanting method having the highest sugar yield in both years (13.29 and 14.44 tha-1, respectively). Transplanting and potting method have had more root impurities than direct cultivation. Among nutrition systems, the highest root impurities is obtained in the combination of chemical and organic treatment. Direct culture and control produce the highest alkalinity index. Overall, despite the increase in root impurities in transplanting or potting along with chemical with organic treatment, these treatments produce the highest sugar yield. Accordingly, chemical and organic fertilization along with transplanting could be recommended to produce the highest root and sugar yield.

The quality of sugar beet is a combination of all the physical and chemical states of the sugar beet root that affects the process of production or the product of sugar or other products. On the other hand, dehydration and high temperatures during the growth period increase the impurities of sugar beet root, especially nitrogenous compounds, and ultimately cause a change in the quality of sugar beet. To investigate the changes in the quality characteristics of sugar beet, full-sib families from breeding programs were investigated in two separate dry and normal tests in 2017 on the Motahari research station in Karaj. The results showed that drought stress significantly decreased root yield, sugar yield, pure sugar yield, potassium content, nitrogen content, and molasses sugar content, and increased sodium content and purity of syrup. Full sibs were significantly different for nitrogen traits and alkalinity coefficients. Despite the lack of significant differences between genotypes in terms of root and sugar yield, the highest root yield was related to full sibs 5 and 6, and the lowest yield was related to full-sib 15 and controls 20, 23, 21, and 19. In finally full sibs 5, 1 and 6 had the highest and full sibs 2, 15, 9, 2 and control 23 had the lowest sugar yield.

Plants are encountered with biological and non-biological stress at different stages of their development. Drought stress is a serious threat to producing successful crops around the world, including Iran. One of the ways to select drought tolerant cultivars is to evaluate and determine their compatibility in two stressed and non-stressed environments. And also with using selectable indices, tolerant genotypes can be selected. The aim of this study was to evaluate of sugar beet S1 pollinator lines under non-stress and drought stress conditions in order to select promising and drought tolerant lines.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the drought tolerance indices of 30 sugar beet genotypes (29 S1 pollinator lines with origin population) and their relationship with sugar yield in Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center in two separate experiments under field conditions with randomized complete block design with three replications in 2016. Irrigation was done routinely up to the thinning. Subsequent irrigations were done after 90 mm and 200 mm evaporation from the class A evaporation pan in non-stress and drought stress conditions, respectively. Yield Stability Index (YSI), Stress Tolerance (TOL), Mean Productivity (MP), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP), Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI), Stress Tolerance Index (STI), Drought Tolerance Index (DTI), Beet Tolerance Index (BTI), Harmonic Mean Index (HARM), Yield Index (YI), Reduction Yield Index (YR) , Drought Index (DI) indices were used to evaluate susceptibility and tolerance of the genotypes. To study the variables simultaneously, the relationship between the indices and the identification of tolerant genotypes was performed by the principal component analysis and the plot of the plot was plotted based on the first two components. Analysis of variance and estimation of correlations were performed with SAS 9.1 software and also analysis of the main components and plotting the biplot charts were done using Minitab 18.1 software.

Combined analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference (p≤0.01) among studied genotypes and different irrigation regimes for sugar yield. The highest yield of sugar in non-stress and drought stress conditions were observed in S1-45 (8.98 ton / ha) and S1-3 (5.15 ton / ha), respectively. S1-80, S1-95, S1-45, S1-3, S1-13, S1-8 lines and origin population had sugar yield above average under both conditions of irrigation and they were in group A (high yield under non-stress and stress conditions) based on Fernandez' instructions. The study of correlation coefficients between sugar yield and tolerance indices in non-stress and drought stress conditions indicated the superiority of MP, GMP, STI, BTI and HARM indices.

In general, the results showed that S1-3, S1-45 and S1-80 lines, both in terms of MP, GMP, STI, and sugar yield indicators under stress conditions, they can be identified as the most susceptible genotypes to drought stress.

Sugar beet is usually planted in spring in Alborz province and similar climatic conditions, and uses high irrigation water and suffers from the breakout of pests and diseases. The development of sugar beets cultivars for autumn sowing has become of interest of breeders due mainly to its much lower irrigation water requirement than spring sown sugar beet. The present research was aimed to explore the possibility of autumn sowing of sugar beet in Karaj and similar climatic conditions. Two sugar beet cultivars; Sharif (moderately resistant) and Vico (resistant), and three sowing dates; early-October, late-October and mid-November were evaluated as factorial arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications at sugar beet research station, Karaj, Iran, in three growing seasons from 2014 to 2017. Most seedlings were killed by winter freezing in 2014 and 2016, however, sugar beet seedlings survived in 2015 winter and produced economic yield. Analysis of variance of data for the 2015-16 growing season showed that when sowing date delayed from early-October to late-October and mid-November, the bolting rate significantly decreased from 15.9% to 5.0% and 0.5%, respectively. However, the winter killing rate increased from 48.7% in early-October to 62.6% and 78.8% in the second and third sowing dates, respectively. Sowing date significantly (p < 0.01) affected root, sugar and white sugar yields. The highest root, sugar and white sugar yields (41.6, 6.5 and 4.3 tha-1, respectively) were produced in early-October, and the lowest were obtained from late-October and mid-November sowing dates. Cultivars did not differ significantly for root yield, but were significantly (p < 0.05) different for sugar and white sugar yield. The sugar and white sugar yield of cv. Vico (4.2 and 2.9 tha-1, respectively) was higher than cv. Sharif (3.4 and 2.2 tha-1, respectively). Cv. Sharif’ was more sensitive to delay in sowing date. In conclusion, considering limitation of water resources in Iran, the development of resistant cultivars to bolting and freezing may facilitate autumn sowing of sugar beet in Karaj and similar climatic conditions.

To assess the vegetative rootstock effect on some vegetative and reproductive characteristics of peach and nectarine commercial cultivars, a study was conducted in Golestan agricultural and natural resources research center, Iran, from 2012 to 2017. Six commercial cultivars; Kuota, Independence, J. H. Hale, Dexired, Redtop and Redgold, were grafted on Penta, Tetra and GF677 rootstocks. The greatest fruit yield efficiency was observed in Dexired and Independence on Penta, and the least in Redtop on GF677. The highest fruit yield per tree was obtained from J. H. Hale on GF677, and the lowest belonged to Independence on Penta. Also, the amount of total soluble solids (TSS) was significantly affected by rootstock and cultivar, and was the highest in cv. Redtop on the Penta. The lowes TSS, however, was measured in cv. Redtop on the GF677. The highest fruit acidity (pH) was in J. H. Hale on GF677. The effect of rootstock on the TCSA (tree cross sectional area) was significant, and the greatest was measured for cv. Redtop on GF677, and the least belonged to Redgold and J. H. Hale on GF677. The TCSA was the highest in GF677 and lowest in Penta. The largest canopy developed in cv. Redtop on GF677.

IntroductionThe dry and semi-arid climate of the country has become inevitable the cultivation and production of crops under the conditions of environmental stresses (drought, salinity and heat).Crops are show different reactions against these stresses. The occurrence of any of the stresses, or a combination of them, leads to a reduction in production. Sugar beet is one of the plants that tolerates these stresses. The aim of this research was to determine the tolerance of sugar beet S1 pollinator lines to drought stress in field conditions in terms of yield and physiological traits so that based on the results, a model could be presented for better and more effective management of water on farms. Materials and methods This experiment was conducted to evaluate the physiological characteristics of 34 sugar beet genotypes (30 S1 pollinator lines with three controls including Shokoofa, Motahar and Paya and Origin population) under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications at experimental field of Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center in 2016. Irrigation was done routinely up to the thinning and weeding stage. Subsequent irrigations were done after 90 mm and 200 mm evaporation from the class A evaporation pan in non-stress and stress conditions, respectively. In this research, traits such as root yield, sugar content, sugar yield, chlorophyll, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Index of difference between the temperature of environment and leaf, leaf relative water content, specific leaf weight, succulence index, specific leaf area and electrolyte leakage were measured. Analysis of variance and estimation of correlations were performed with SAS 9.1 software and also factor analysis was done using Statgraphics 18 software. Results and discussionResults showed that in both conditions (non-stress and drought stress conditions) there are significant different (p≤0.01) between all genotypes for all traits. Combined analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference (p≤0.01) among studied genotypes and different irrigation regimes in the most traits. In normal irrigation and drought stress conditions, Motahar and S1-15 line had the highest sugar yield (9.09 and 10.5 ton/ha), respectively. Correlation coefficients showed that root yield had a positive and significant correlation with sugar yield and NDVI in normal and stress conditions. In both conditions (non-stress and drought stress conditions), factor analysis led to introduce four main factors which explained 69.55 and 74.75 percent of total variation, respectively. ConclusionsIn general, the results showed that there are considerable variations in yield and physiological traits among the different genotypes of sugar beet due to the potential for drought tolerance in them.

Rhizoctonia root rot disease is considered as one of the important diseases in sugar beet. Using resistant cultivars decreses production costs, especially application of fungicides and increases the efficiency in controlling of root rot disease. Therefore, growing of resistant cultivars is considered the best approach for disease control. To achieve this goal and to determine yield potential of new sugar beet hybrids resistant to Rhizoctonia root rot disease, 92 hybrids as well as susceptible and resistant cultivars were evaluated in two experiments in research field of Ekbatan station of Hamedan, Iran in 2016. Considering the experimental results and with respect to the average effect of pollinators and single crosses, 20 hybrids were selected and evaluated in Karaj, Hamedan, Ghazvin, Torbate Jam and Shiraz regions in 2017. Evaluation of hybrids in term of resistance to rhizoctonia was simultaneously performed under micro-plot conditions in Hamedan. In both years (2015 and 2016), the experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with six replications. The results of resistance evaluation under micro-plot conditions reavealed that five hybrids consisting; 9, 13, 16, 4 and 18 were more resistant than cv. Ekbatan for resistance to rhizoctonia root rot disease. Yield potential evaluation in different locations showed that new hybrids had desirable level of yield potential and most of them had no significant difference with cv. Ekbatan.Considering the results of resistance to rhizochtonia disease and yield potential evaluation, three hybrids no. 4 (SC(P.395*P.90)*P.165), no. 9 (SC(P.395*P.90)*P.121) and no. 16 (SC(P.395*P.23)*P.165) that were more resistance with higher yield potential in comparison with cv. Ekbatan were identified as promising hybrids for being evaluated in Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) test.

The ever-increasing problem of water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran has necessitated the demand to replacement of sugar beet plantation by more water-use efficient plants. Sweet sorghum is one of the sugars plants with low water requirements that potentiates cost-effective sugar production in different regions. However, physiological aspects of sugar yield in this plant is not completely understood. The present experiment studied the effect of sink (spike) removal (as a limiting factor for sugar production) and magnesium spraying (as an improving factor for plant growth) on photosynthetic pigments concentration and yield of two sweet sorghum cultivars. This research was carried out as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in two years (2014, 2015) in Shahroud Agricultural Research Center, Shahroud, Iran. Experimental factors included sweet sorghum cultivars (KFS2 and KFS3), sink removal treatments (control, mechanical removal and chemical removal of spike by ethephon) and spraying different concentrations of magnesium (0, 4 and 8 mM). Interaction of cultivars, sink removal and magnesium spraying levels was significant on photosynthetic pigments concentration, leading to increase in total sugar and sugar yield. The highest sugar yield in both cultivars was obtained from chemical removal of sink and 4 and 8 mM of magnesium application. In both of the studied cultivars, assimilate surface index was significantly affected by sink removal and the highest amount of this trait (2.65 g sugar per square meters of leaf area) was achieved from chemical removal of sink in KFS2. The latter results indicated that photosynthetic capacity of the sweet sorghum plants was enhanced by sink removal, especially when removed chemically, i.e. by ethephon. As no significant difference was observed between 4 and 8 mM in most examined traits, the 4 mM magnesium spraying was proven more suitable.

This study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity of sugar beet half sib inbred lines (48 lines and one control cultivar) under water stress (200mm of class A evaporation pan) in field conditions in a randomized complete block design with three replicates in Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center in 2015. In this research, traits such as root yield, raw sugar yield, sugar content of root, leaf number, index of difference between the temperature of environment and leaf, succulence index, leaf relative water content, specific leaf weight, leaf color score, leaf growth score, leaf architecture, root growth score and ratio of length to width of root were measured. Results showed that there were significant differences (p≤0.01) between studied genotypes for all traits. Results showed that, there were significant positive correlations between root yield and sugar yield, leaf color score and root growth score, while, significant and negative correlations were observed between root yield, leaf number and ratio of length to width of root. The dendrogram generated from the cluster analysis for sugar yield classified genotypes into four main groups. Factor analysis led to introduction of four main factors which explained 73.2 percent of total variation. Hf4 s1 genotype showed superiority for root yield, sugar yield and leaf color score than other studied genotypes, indicating that, this genotype has a high potential for drought tolerance.

In regions with autumn-sown sugar beet planting, rainfall occurrence during sugar beet growth, especially in winter, has an economic and significant role in supplying the required water. This study was conducted to determine rainfall as well as early and late irrigation proportion on sugar beet performance in randomized complete block design with three replications in Safi-Abad Agricultural Research Center in 2005-06. Treatments were composed of five irrigation levels including irrigation after 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 mm evaporation from evaporation pan (I1-I5, respectively), no-irrigation in spring (I6), seedling emergence by rainfall and spring irrigation after 100 mm evaporation from evaporation pan (I7), irrigation during the growing season after 100 mm evaporation from evaporation pan (I8) and no -rainfall as well as -irrigation in spring (I9). Significant difference was observed among treatments for quantitative and qualitative traits (P

Rhizomania is one of the most important diseases of sugar beet causing dramatic reduction in yield and quality. Because of the rapid spread of rhizomania in sugar beet fields, successful production of the crop is not possible without the use of highly tolerant cultivars. The aim of this study was to compare some of the agronomic characteristics of rhizomania-resistant hybrids with domestic and foreign commercial varieties. The study was carried out in randomized complete block design with four replications in four regions including Karaj, Mashhad, Miandoab and Zarghan in 2013-14. Seven promising hybrids together with three domestic (one susceptible and two tolerant) and two foreign cultivars as checks were evaluated. Different characteristics such as infection rate, growth score, root length and diameter, and also single root weight were measured. Infection rate was measured based on Luterbacher’s 1-9 scale. At harvest, roots were weighed and sugar content was determined. Infection rate results showed that roots produced in Karaj in 2014 and Miandoab in 2015 were free from the symptoms and therefore, these two regions were considered as non-contaminated environments. The highest rate of infection was observed in Zarghan in both years. Overall, (7112×SB36)×SB27 was selected as the superior hybrid in terms of root yield, sugar content, growth and root uniformity.

In drought stress condition, it is important to estimate the N and K requirement of sugar beet. A drought-tolerant sugar beet genotype, BP Karaj, was evaluated in split plot factorial design based on a randomized complete block design with four replications at Motahari Research Station, Karaj, Iran for three years. Main plots were allocated to irrigation treatments including normal irrigation (control), irrigation with early season drought stress imposition, and irrigation with drought stress imposition during the growing season. Subplots were allocated to four N levels including 0 (control), 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1 and three N levels including 0 (control), 100, and 200 kg ha-1. The highest root yield (49.43 ha-1) and white sugar yield (5.94 t ha-1) in irrigated condition were obtained in control treatment. Root yield under drought stress imposed early season and during the growing season was 39.84 and 34.85 t ha-1, respectively, which showed 19 and 30% decrease compared with the control irrigation treatment, respectively. The effect of N and K interaction on root yield, sugar yield and white sugar yield was significant (p

In Iran, about half of the sugar beet fields are infected by Rhizomania disease and the severity of infection in various regions is different. Then the selection of appropriate varieties which could have high yields in different infected conditions is important.
Material and To compare promised resistant hybrids to rhizomania in different conditions of infection to the disease levels, an experiment was conducted in four regions including disease free and infected areas with different infection levels. In the this study, 19 monogerm diploid hybrids resistant to rhizomania were compared with foreign and domestic resistant varieties in randomized complete block design with four replications. In the disease free location, the percentage of seedlings emergence in domestic genotypes relative to the average of foreign resistance varieties, leaf number, leaf arrangement, green intensity and uniformity of crops were determined in the early growing season. At the harvest time in infected areas, the disease severity index was determined. In all areas, number, yield and quality of roots in each treatment were measured.
Results confirmed that disease intensity of experimental regions was different. There was a significant variation among promising hybrids in the investigated properties.
Generally, with increasing disease severity, root number, root yield, sugar yield, sugar content and nitrogen of roots were significantly reduced. In contrast, the gross amount of sodium and potassium increased in roots. Hybrid SB26 because of high root numbers, root yield, sugar content and sugar yield and low sodium content of root as well as low disease severity was chosen as a superior hybrid. The results of this study confirmed that also in condition of disease free, a resistant variety has better quantitative and qualitative characteristics in comparison to a susceptible variety.