جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « شکار انبوه » در نشریات گروه « گیاهپزشکی »

Dried figs have suffered significant damage in the last decade due to the activity of African fig fly (Zaprionus indianus). In this research, it has been tried to study different attractants for use in traps for mass trapping and non-chemical control of this pest. The experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with ten treatments and in three replications in one of the infected rainfed fig gardens of Kazeroon. Experimental treatments included four liquid adsorbent compounds including pure apple cider vinegar, hydrolysis protein 3%, pomegranate sauce 3% and fig juice 50% in two forms of solution and gel (using superabsorbent powder (polyacrylamide)) and two solid attracting, mashed banana fruit with yeast powder and banana slice with yeast powder and superabsorbent powder (Polyacrylamide) were used. The results showed that there were significant differences between the various treatments at less than 1%. The combination of crushed banana fruit with yeast powder with an average weekly attracting of 87.44 had the highest attraction of African fig flies and was alone in one group. After this combination, banana slice with yeast and superabsorbent, pomegranate sauce 3% with super absorbent (gel form) and pure apple cider vinegar with an average weekly absorption of 76, 50 and 42.31 per week of African fig flies compared to other compounds attractants were more efficient. The results also showed that the use of superabsorbent powder with liquid attracting compounds can increase shelf life of traps and reduce the cost of trapping.

In order to compare some attractants and insecticides in mass trapping of Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitate (Wiedemann) an experiment was conducted in Amol city in a randomized complete block design with five replications and five treatment including Iranian and foreign hydrolyzate proteins, Ceratrap, Deptak and Medlur. In another experiment the effect of some insecticide in four level including Dipterex, Palizin, Malathion and without any insecticide (control) and its interaction with two level of attractants including Iranian hydrolyzate protein and Ceratrap was carried out in citrus orchards. The results show that the Ceratrap and Iranian hydrolyzate protein had the highest daily catch of female (2.65 and 2.55) and male (2.55and 2.65) of Mediterranean fruit fly in McPhail traps. Also, statistical comparison of second experiments revealed that Dipterex with the Iranian protein hydrolyzate (0.94  0.006) and Dipterex in combination with Ceratrap (0.91) were significantly effective treatment to attract and kill Ceratitis capitate flies. Base in this results the blend of Ceratrap or Iranian hydrolyzate protein and Dipterex suggest as a appreciate bait for mass trapping of the Mediterranean fruit flies.

Pumpkin fly, Dacus ciliatus, is one of the most important pests of cucurbitaceous plants which the larva by feeding on fruit. make it unusable. Effect of sugar beet molasses, hydrolyzed protein, ammonium acetate solution, apple vinegar, beer yeast (5%), ammonia lure and Dacus pheromone to determine the best attractant by using the Mcphail trap was conducted in a 3ha cucumber field by using a completely randomized design with four replications in 2018. Traps hang on wooden stands (1 m) and checked weekly and captured insects were recorded. Results revealed that Pumpkin flies captured with Sugar beet molasses, hydrolyzed protein, beer yeast, ammonium acetate solution, Dacus pheromone, apple vinegar and ammonia lure were effective in attracting adult insects, respectively. The highest weekly captured of non-target insects such as Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Coleoptera were observed in Beer yeast. The lowest weekly captured of non-target insects were observed in Dacus pheromone (0.98 ± 0.15), ammonia lure (1.03 ± 0.17) and ammonium acetate (1.17 ± 0.25), but there is no significant differences among these treatments statistically. Adult population fluctuations did not follow the same patterns in different treatments and sampling dates. The highest and lowest populations were observed in October and July with records of 36.3 and 0.5 flies. Both sexes were active in field and the sex ratio was 0.63 female and 0.37 male. In conclusion, sugar beet molasses, hydrolyzed protein and beer yeast are very efficient and economic attractants to entrap pumpkin flies in cucumber fields.

Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Lep: Pyralidae), is the most important pest of pomegranate fruits in Iran. Chemical control is not effective against this pest, and recommended non-chemical control methods against this pest have net considered by farmers so far. In this study, the efficiency of mass trapping using light traps, pheromone traps and light –pheromone trapswere evaluated to control this pest in an infested pomegranate orchard in Shiraz region (Iran) during 2013, 2014 Results showed, light traps containing 390 and 410 wave lengths nanometer attracted the maximum number of carob moths among wave lengths 370, 390. 410, 430 and 450 nanometer. Econex and alfa alfa Pheromone dispensers attracted the maximum number of Carob moth among four studied pheromone dispensers. The maximum and minimum number capture of carob moth were observed in water pan pheromone traps (2.18 moth/night) and light-pheromone traps containing 410 wave length (1.28 moth/night). The fruit infestation percent in five trap densities (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 traps /ha.), the maximum and minimum fruit infestation were observed in zero trap (19%) and 60 traps/ha. (3.3%) densities respectively. In conclusion, using 60 water pan pheromone traps /hectare is recommended for effective mass raping of carob moth in pomegranate orchards in Shiraz region.

The African fig fly has been reported from Iran in 2009. The use of chemical insecticides has several environmental limits therefor the efficiency of some attractants has been evaluated for trapping of this insect in Iran. A field experiment was conducted in Completely Randomized Factorial Design with four replicates to determine the best attractant for trapping and the best height for installing traps on trees in Shiraz city, in 2009. The first factor was attractants including: Solution of pomegranate sauce 3 % (3% pomegranate sauce%water), Solution of hydrolyzed plant protein 3% (3% hydrolyzed plant protein %water) and Ceratrap. The second factor was height for installing traps on trees including: 75, 150 and 225cm. Results revealed significant differences among the attractants and height for installing traps in all weeks except 13th week and also the interaction effect between them. The evaluation showed that the best attractant for capture was solution of pomegranate sauce 3 % with significant difference from the others. Evolution about the best height for installing traps showed that 150 cm height for installing traps was better than the others. So traps with solution of pomegranate sauce 3 % that installs on trees at a height of 150 cm could have an important role to decrease the population of this pest and it is an approach in order to non-chemical control.