جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "گل جعفری" در نشریات گروه "گیاهپزشکی"

Root-knot nematodes damage is one of the major problems in kiwifruit production in northern Iran. This research was carried out to investigate the possibility of using dried leaves of four plants to manage kiwifruit root-knot nematode.

The soil and roots of diseased kiwifruit from the gardens of Rudsar City, Gilan Province, Iran were sampled and their root knot nematode was purified using the single egg mass method on the early Urbana tomato variety. The morphological characteristics of nematode second stage larvae and females were examined and nematode species were identified. By using the single egg mass technique, the necessary nematode population was reared on the early Urbana tomato. The effect of dry leaves of chrysanthemum, parsley, guava and oleander in two rates of 50 and 75 grams per kilogram of soil was evaluated in greenhouse conditions. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replicates for each treatment on nematode-inoculated kiwi seedlings of Hayward cultivar. Nematode-related indices (number of galls, egg mass, eggs and J2s in 250 g of soil and reproductive factor) and plant growth characteristics (seedling height; root length and volume; fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots) were measured.

The root- knot nematode causing the disease in this region was identified as Meloidogyne incognita. In addition to controlling the nematode, the treatments used improved the growth of the kiwi seedlings. The results of the mean comparison of data showed that the treatment of 75 g of chrysanthemum leaves had a greater effect on reducing nematode population indices than other treatments. The next effective treatments were chrysanthemum at the rate of 50g, parsley at the rate of 75g, parsley at the rate of 50g, oleander at the rate of 75g, oleander at the rate of 50g, guava at the rate of 75g and guava at the rate of 50g, respectively. Treatment with 75 g of chrysanthemums also had the greatest effect on improving the growth rate of tomato seedlings.

Adding 75g of dry chrysanthemum leaves to each kilogram of soil will help reduce root nematode damage and improve the growth of kiwi seedlings.

The Root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are major limiting factors in growing many agricultural crops. With the aim of producing a healthy crop, cultivation of some plants with allelopathic effects on nematodes is one of the most effective control measure against root knot nematodes. This method can be used as an excellent substitute of chemical treatment. Marigolds (Tagetes spp.) are herbaceous plants of family Astraceae with more than 50 species, can be used as ornamental cover crops. Nematicidal effects of marigolds on several nematodes had been proved. Marigolds produce alpha-terthienyl enzyme, which can control root-knot nematodes and other pests and pathogens such as fungi, bacteria and insects. It also has positive role in promoting growth of bedding plants. In this article, important marigold species including Tagetes tenuiifolia Cav., T. minuta L., T. patula L. and T. erecta L., have been introduced.

Effect of 10% aqueous extracts of inhibitory plants viz. Plantago major, Ricinus communis, Eruca sativa and Tagetes sp. on Meloidogyne incognita activity and Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 was studied. The results showed that the extracts increased 31-42% mortality of the second stage juveniles and decreased 37.5-60.0% egg hatching of the nematode, but did not inhibit the bacterium growth. The combined effects of green manures of plants (12 g/kg of soil) and bacterium (cfu108) on activity of the nematode and growth parameters of tomato (Early Urbana) were studied in 3.5 kg pots, containing sterilized mixed or non-sterilized farm soils. The results showed that in presence of the nematode and in sterilized soil, marigold-bacterium with 66.2 and 60.9% increases, and in non-sterilized soil castor with 29.1 and 18.3% increases in shoot fresh and dry weights, respectively, had the highest impacts. Plantain-bacterium decreased 95.9 & 86.0% of eggs/g of root and 92.9 & 95.2% of nematode reproduction factor in sterilized or non-sterilized soils, respectively. In addition, plantain decreased 93.9 & 84.5% of eggs/g of root and 90.7 & 95.9% of nematode reproduction factor, respectively. The results of the greenhouse test on usage of eruca green manure and bacterium in 12 kg pots, containing sterilized mixed soil, showed that in the presence of nematode, eruca with 15.0, 2.2 and 48.3% increases in shoot fresh, shoot dry and fruit weights, respectively had the greatest impact. Moreover, eruca-bacterium decreased 55.2 and 52.4% of egg or gall/g root, respectively and 65.5% of reproduction factor.

Effects of aqueous extracts of plantain, castor, marigold and eruca on egg hatching and the mortality of second stage Juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita, was studied in vitro. Also the effects of their green manures (12 g/kg soil) and Paecilomyces lilacinus alone and in combination on the root-knot nematode and growth parameters of infected tomato (CV Early Urbana) in sterilized mixed soil and non-sterilized farm soil were studied, under greenhouse conditions. The results of in vitro test showed that all plants extracts increased the mortality of J2, and plantain and eruca reduced the egg hatching, significantly, and they had not negative effect on P. lilacinus. The result of greenhouse test in sterilized soil revealed that in the presence of the nematode, marigold- fungus spore suspension caused 140.5% increase in the shoot height of tomato plants. In addition, marigold treatments caused 11.4-11.8 and 20.1-23.1 folds and caster 10.0-10.1 and 10.0-17.7 folds in fresh and dried shoot weight, respectively. In non-sterilized soil, caster treatments with 47.9-67.5% and 32.4-140.5% increases in fresh and dried shoot weights have the highest effects. The nematode gall index in both tests was 4.2-5.0. Except for the treatment of plantain-fungus spore suspension with 84% decrease, the other treatments in sterilized soil test caused increases in the final population and reproduction factor of nematode. In non-sterilized soil, all treatments reduced gall and egg masses, but only plantain treatments and some of marigold and caster treatments reduced the reproduction factor of the nematode.