جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "experience" در نشریات گروه "گیاهپزشکی"

While searching for food, predators use herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPV), host plant volatiles and those related to con/heterospecifics to find their prey. Not only the volatile components vary among plant species, but also the predator perception of these components might differ among species and samples. Here, we compared the olfactory response of two samples (Turkey and University of Tehran) of Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) when received herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPV) from Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) infested cucumber and bean leaves, along with testing the effect of rearing experience of Turkey sample on its olfactory response in our laboratory conditions. Our data showed that P. persimilis of both samples significantly moved towards leaf odors (either cucumber or bean) when they received clean air from the alternative arm. For both samples, the predator did not make a preference between clean bean and cucumber leaves. When the predators were offered a choice between T. urticae infested bean and cucumber leaves, they significantly moved towards bean leaves in both samples. Rearing experience did not affect the predator choice of host plant species and P. persimilis from both samples preferred odors related to clean leaves rather than clean air. The number of experienced predatory mites moved towards T. urticae infested bean leaves was significantly higher than that preferred T. urticae infested cucumber leaves in both samples. We discussed whether their similar olfactory responses would be related to their experience of previous rearing conditions.

Responses of female predatory mite, Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) with different diet experiences were examined in a Y-tube olfactometer. The odor sources were clean air vs. clean bean leaves, clean air vs. Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae) infested bean leaves, and T. urticae infested bean leaves vs. clean bean leaves. Female predatory mites that fed on T. urticae as their previous diet for three generations, preferred clean leaves, spider mite infested leaves and again spider mite infested leaves over the alternative odor sources. When N. californicus was fed on T. urticae plus pollen, a significant movement was recorded towards clean leaves rather than clean air, but no significant preference was observed in two other olfactory experiments. Feeding on pollen alone, thrips first instar alone and thrips first instar plus pollen, the predators did not make a significant preference towards the arms in any of the olfactory experiments. Comparing the mean foraging time and predation rate of N. californicus when their prey (T. urticae) were experienced in a direct contact with Frankliniella occidentalis with predators whose prey had previousely received signals due to thrips (F. occidentalis) presence, we recorded a significantly higher foraging time and consumed prey in the patches where thrips were removed. According to our results, N. californicus is capable of detecting its prey and patches with heterospecific (F. occidentalis) and conspecific predators through its diet-based-understanding of chemical cues. Explanations for the olfactory response and foraging behavior of N. californicus are discussed.

The effect of host plant experience and different hunger periods on the olfactory response of Phytoseiulus persimilis was studied on rose leaves under laboratory conditions. When clean air was considered as the olfactometer fixed arm, P. persimilis showed a significant preference towards odours related to the alternative arms i.e. clean leaves, T. urticae-infested leaves, leaves occupied by Frankliniella occidentalis and leaves occupied by conspecifics regardless of starvation time and experience. When we replaced clean air by clean rose leaves, the naïve predators with 10 hours starvation and the experienced ones with both 5 and 10 hours starvation showed a significant preference (towards T. urticae-infested leaves) rather than clean leaves. When the predators were offered clean leaves vs. leaves occupied by thrips, neither naïve nor experienced P. persimilis with 5 hours starvation made a significant preference between the arms, while the ones kept starved for 10 hours preferred clean air regardless of experience. Receiving odours related to conspecifics vs. clean rose, the naïve P. persimilis females with 5 hours starvation and the naïve and experience ones kept starved for 10 hours avoided odours related to conspecifics. The five hour-starved experienced predators and the 10 hour-starved naïve and experienced ones moved towards T. urticae-infested leaves when the alternative arm was consisted of leaves occupied by thrips. Receiving odours related to T. urticae-infested leaves from one arm and odours related to leaves occupied by conspecifics, most of the predators moved towards the former arm regardless of experience and starvation time. When the predators were offered T. urticae-infested leaves vs. leaves occupied by thrips, a significant movement towards spider mites was observed both in experienced and naive treatments kept starved for 10 hours and in five hour-starved experienced ones. Irrespective of the starvation time, the predatory mite’s previous experience did not have a significant effect on the time needed by P. persimilis to pass the lateral arms of the olfactometer. Both experience and starvation affected the predator’s oviposition rate.