جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « macrosiphum rosae » در نشریات گروه « گیاهپزشکی »

Macrosiphum rosae is one of the most important members of the Aphididae (Hemiptera) which feeds on plant juices, colonizes underside of leaves,stems and buds. This pest is a polyphagous insect vastly found in Europe, Asia and America. Coccinella septempunctata (L.) (Col: Coccinellidae) is the successful biological control agent against aphids in under the greenhouse and field conditions. In the present study, the effects of constant temperature on the demography of C. septempunctata which feds on M. rosae was investigated.
The predators were originally collected from the field (Sorke hesar park in Tehran) in march 2012 and reared on aphids in the germinator at 25 ± 1°C, 60 % ± 5 % relative humidity and photoperiod of 16L: 8D/h to lay their eggs and then females were removed after oviposition. These eggs were used for further examination. The life table parameters of C. septempunctata were measured under laboratory conditions at constant temperatures (14, 25 and 31) °C, relative humidity 60 ± 5 % and photoperiod of 16 hours light and 8 hours darkness with 100 repetitions. The different stages of the ladybeetles were fed with 20-100 aphids from different stages of M. rosae. The developmental time of immature stages of beetles were recorded every day. When adult females emerged, an adult male was introduced into the cells to fertilize of them and after that number of offspring produced was counted daily. SAS software v 9.1 was used for data analysis. One-way ANOVA was run to determine the significant differences between demographic parameter of C. septempunctata at two constant temperatures. If there were significant differences, the Tukey's multiple tests were used for multiple comparisons (P There was no ovipostion at 14 °C. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) of C. septempunctata at 25 and 31 ˚C were 0.170 and 0.186, the net reproductive rate (R0) were 187.55 and 76.74,the finit rate of increase were 1/18 and 1/20 and the mean generation time (T) of ladybird were 30.78 and 23.32 days, respectively. The lifetime oviposition and mean ovipositon rate were highest at 25 °C and lowest at 14 °C. The average total fecundities of C. septempunctata at 25 and 31 °C were 307.46 and 125.8 (eggs / femal). The average of adultʼs survival rate at three studied temperatures was analyzed by Weibull model. The maximum of life expectancy rate is at 14 °C and the minimum rate is related to 31 °C. Considering the high value of rm obtained from lifetime table of C. septempunctata in 25°C and 31°C, it can be concluded that the reproduction rate of this variety is at a high level. Among the three studied temperatures, in 31°C, the beetle had the highest intrinsic rate of natural increase and the maximum rate of fertility calculated in 25°C.
Considering that the rose bush is on the main vegetation in the urban area and M. rasae is rose̕ s main pest, high amount of pesticides are used for fighting this pest in the parks and in planted areas each year. In addition to removing natural enemies, these poisons cause environmental pollution and pose hazardes for the citizens who are directly exposed to this pollution. The higher values of rm in comparison to values calculated in studies of the other researchers with similar temperatures, shows the appropriate feeding value of this predator for C. septempunctata. thus, application of biological control, supporting natural enemies of pests and breeding and releasing of fruit full insects like C. septempunctata, are the alternative ways to using poisons and pesticides.

Rose Aphid, Macrosiphum rosae L. is one of the most important pests of rose which reducing the quality and quantity of products by attacking and hurting the leaves and branches. Aphids damage plants by sucking sap from plant tissues using highly specialized sucking mouth parts. The usual symptoms of damage are distortion of new leaves and flowers. Aphids damage plants by sucking sap from plant tissues using highly specialized sucking mouth parts. The usual symptoms of damage are distortion of new leaves and flowers. Neonicotinoids insecticides imidacloprid and Acetamiprid is, Which has the effect of sucking insects. The discovery of neonicotinoids as important novel insecticides has represented a milestone in insecticide research over the past three decades. The neonicotinoids represent the fastest-growing class of insecticides introduced to the market since the commercialization of pyrethroids. Diazinon is an organophoshates pesticides to combat pests such as aphids. Pirimicarb of group carbamate insecticides are effective against aphids are active on fruit trees and ornamental plants. Comparison of several insecticides and pesticides and recommend appropriate levels, to combat and prevent outbreaks of pests, can be of great help in pest control product is the increase in market. In this study, different concentrations of Acetamiprid and Imidacloprid with Pirimicarb and Diazinon on rose aphid mortality was compared to find the condition of mortality of Macrosiphum rosae as per field conditions in a randomized complete block design during 2011-2012. Each compound was used in 3 different concentration (recommended, higher and lower) including Imidacloprid (200, 600, 400 PPM), Acetamiprid (250, 500, 125 PPM), Primicarb (250, 500, 125 PPM) and Diazinon (500, 1000, 250 PPM) and effects checked on aerial organs and compared by sampling of population aphids on the period of "before, 3,5,7 and 14 days after" spraying.. results showed that the average mortality of aphids in three days after spraying, There is a significant difference between treatments and blocks, And the average aphid mortality at 5, 7 and 14 days after spraying, only the treatments, showed a significant difference. Recommended concentrations and higher imidacloprid and diazinon were in a group. The results showed that on the third day of treatment, Diazinon (500ppm) 73/46%, Imidacloprid (400 ppm) 88/77%, Acetamiprid (250ppm) 73/95% and primicarb (400ppm) with 72/8% had the greatest impact on aphid mortality, respectively. As per result the effects of Insecticide reduced to 14th day. Therefore, because of good performance of the neonicotinoid compounds, it can be effective in rose aphid control. The results indicated the suitability of the recommended concentration is well above the concentration, so no need to use higher concentrations. Low concentrations the recommended concentration decreases gradually as the impact on the fourteenth day and have minimal impact on mortality is low for crop growers. This group had different mode of action as compared to the previous insecticides. Imidacloprid was the first member of this family and was effective against many insects showing resistance to carbamates, organophoshates and pyrethroids. Acetamiprid belongs to the second generation of the nicotinoids. The present study demonstrated rose aphid population with neonicotinoid insecticides was significantly different neonicotinic insecticides (imidacloprid and acetamiprid) had the most effective on number of M. rosae. But the introduction of neonicotinoids in the form of imidacloprid and acetamiprid proved an immediate relief for crop growers. This group had different mode of action as compared to the previous insecticides. Neonicotinoid insecticides, such as imidacloprid, acetamiprid are commonly used against a wide range of herbivorous insect pests such as aphids, mealy bugs and whiteflies in greenhouses or farms. So, parasitoids and predators are exposed to these chemicals. Due to the losses caused by the toxins and the yield obtained in this study, recommended concentrations of insecticides neonicotinoid are best treatment to combat aphids onroses. The use of high aphid densities Imidacloprid and Acetamiprid in areas where spraying is needed more than once is recomended. our results showed that best effect belongs to recommended dose of Neonicotinoids compounds same as recommended dose for phosphates and carbamate compounds to control the Rose aphid.