جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "species diversity" در نشریات گروه "گیاهپزشکی"

Harpalini (Coleoptera: Carabidae) is the largest tribe of carabid beetles. This tribe includes over 240 genera and subgenera and approximately 2000 species. In order to study Harpalini, ground beetles were collected by hand, pitfall trapping, turning logs and stones, sifting the leaf litter and sweeping the vegetation in five stations of Taleghan Watershed, Alborz Province during 2021–2022, by systematic random sampling technique. 22 species belonged to four tribes and seven genera were identified. Three species Dixus infans (Abeille, 1909), Harpalus laevipes Zetterstedt, 1828 and Harpalus punctatostriatus Dejean, 1829 are new records for Iran. Among 22 collected species, about 41% of the total species belonged to the genus Harpalus (with nine species) and 18% belonged to the genus Dixus (with four species). Each of the genera Ophonus and Stenolophus with three species included 14% of total species

The aim of this study was to evaluate the species diversity of mites among stigmata in 2018- 2019 in the Kamphirouz region of Fars province, Iran. For sampling, 2 regions were considered. Continuous soil sampling was performed every 2 weeks. A total of 881 specimens belonging to 22 species from 10 genera and 6 families were collected. Biodiversity indices were calculated using Microsoft Excel 2016 software. The results showed that due to the location of 11 out of 22 species in the family Laelapidae, the species of this family with a total of 33.94%, had the highest presence in both north, south and in total. Also, Neoseiulus barkeri was the dominant species, with the total of 24.29% and also, the highest abundance among the both regions. The  Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, Margalf, Manhing and Pete species diversity indices were calculated in two regions, separately for each season. In general, all indices except the Pitt index in the northern region were much higher than the southern region. Family indices are not significantly different in the two regions.

Species diversity is one of the most important indicators of changes in ecosystems. This subject always considered as a significant point in ecosystem. Mesotigmatid mites are the largest order among Parasitiformes mites. The main purpose of this survey was evaluating of species diversity of mites among Mesotigmata during the 2018 in Shiraz city. In each region, 2 habitats of urban green space (Landscape) trees and orchard trees were selected. Continuous soil sampling was performed every 2 weeks. A total of 1252 specimens belonging to 22 species from 11 families and 8 host plant were collected. Calculation of biodiversity indices based on species abundance and data analysis using Simpson, Shannon-Wiener, Pete, Manning and Margalf indices, using Microsoft Excel 2016 was calculated. Our finding shower that biological indicators are significantly different according to vegetation and sampling seasons. Based on LSD test to compare indices in different seasons of the year, spring with 0.913 Simpson indices, Shannon-Wiener 2.569, Pete 0.9482, and Margalf 2.815 had the highest values while in the index. Also according to this test, green space had the highest indices with 0.837 Simpson, 2.154 Shannon-Wiener, 1.362 Manning and 2.55.  the highest diversity observed relative frequency with 54.04% belonged to the Laelapidae family. The highest frequency of specimens among fruit trees was related to pomegranate with 204 and among urban green space trees belonged to poplar with 333 specimens.

Preserving and increasing the insect biodiversity is considered as one of the most important components in pest control without the use of chemical pesticides and plays an important role in reducing environmental pollution and achieving sustainable development. Dolichopodidae, the long-legged flies, with more than 7500 described species in about 276 genera is the most important and biggest family of the superfamily Empidoidea. Adults and larvae of the most species are predators of other insects. In the present study, in order to investigate the fauna of the family Dolichopodidae, sampling was performed using entomological nets and Malaysian traps in 2017-2018 in Tehran and Alborz provinces. Species diversity studies showed that the diversity of this family in the areas with high humidity and mixed and abundant vegetation is more than other areas.

The species diversity of parasitoid wasps of Braconidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) were studied in Mazandaran province (Salardareh, Shavilasht, Haft khal, Alikola) in 2016. The specimens were collected bi-weekly intervals in 2016 using Malaise traps. A total of 161 specimens were identified representing 33 species. The species diversity of the family Braconidae was studied using SDR software. Abundance, Diversity and Evenness indexes were evaluated for 33 species in four different sites. Homolobus truncator (Say, 1829) with %16.77 and Disophrys initiator (Fonscolombe, 1846) with %15.53 had the highest abundance among the species and presents in all sites. The α diversity index indicated that Alikola are more diverse. Based on statistical comparison, Evenness index indicated that Salardareh and Shavilasht were more evenness. The aim of this study was to evaluate abundance and diversity of braconid wasps in four sites in forest of Mazandaran province, north of Iran.

Mollusca: Gastropoda (Mollusca: Gastropoda) are the main groups of invertebrates in various ecosystems that are known as pests of vegetable and summer crops as well as the intermediate host of a number of parasitic protozoan and worms. They are important in various fields of agriculture, medicine and veterinary medicine. Since there is no report on the species diversity of terrestrial snails in the west of Isfahan province, this study was conducted to study the biodiversity of terrestrial snails in the area and search for important species from different dimensions. For this purpose, the west of Isfahan province was divided into 5 regions (Faridan, Fereydoun Shahr, Chdegan, Khansar and Golpayegan). Then the samples collected from these stations were systematically and morphologically examined using valid identification keys up to the species level. The effect of environmental factors such as temperature and relative humidity on the distribution of species was also determined. According to the results, it was found that the optimum temperature for the collected snails was 19-15°C and the best relative humidity was 25-45%. Finally, based on the results, six species of four genera under two families were identified.

Ground beetles as ‘‘generalist predators’’ are one of the most common and species-rich families of arthropods in agricultural ecosystems and their role as effective bioindicators is well known. Ground beetles (Carabidae) of south east of Tehran province was studied during 2015. These beetles were collected by pitfall traps from different ecosystems such as alfalfa and barley fields as well as green spaces. The species diversity was studied by Species Diversity and Richness software. Different tests used in this study included: Alpha Diversity index, Shannon-Wiener Index, Simpson Index, Beta (β) diversity, Species Evenness, Pielou J Index, Species Richness and Similarity index. In this study 450 specimens belonging to 12 species were collected. The species include Acinopus picipes (Olivier, 1795), Amara ovate (Fabricius, 1792), Brachinus ejaculans Fisher von Waldheim, 1828, Calathus fuscipes (Goeze, 1777)، , Calathus melanocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758), Cylindera germanica (Linnaeus, 1758), Distichus planus (Bonelli, 1813), Harpalus griseus (Panzer, 1796), Harpalus rufipes (Degeer, 1774), Poecilus wollastoni (Wollaston, 1854), Siagona europaea Dejean, 1826 and Zabrus tenebrioides (Goeze, 1777) . Based on the results, Distichus planus had the most divergence in barley fields of Pakdasht and Gharchak. Green space of Abureyhan campus and alfalfa field of Pakdasht with 8 and 5 species, respectively, had the highest number of species. Both of barley fields of Pakdasht and Gharchak with 4 species had the lowest number of species. Moreover, the alfalfa field of Pakdasht and barley field of Pakdasht had the highest and lowest evenness, respectively. Based on the similarity index, green space of Abureyhan campus and alfalfa field of Pakdasht had the most similarity (75%) and barley of Pakdasht and Gharchak with alfalfa field of Pakdasht had the lowest similarity (33%) Carabid beetles are important biological control agents in agroecosystems and the study of their biodiversity helps pest management programs. The results of this study enhanced our knowledge regarding the diversity of Carabid species in central Iran

The culture of man and rice have historical and profound relationships. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has an inescapable role in providing food, economy, religion and civilization in many countries of the world. Weeds are among the most important factors affecting crops such as rice. Successful weed control is essential for rice production. Grasses, broad-leaved, sedges, ferns and algae are the weeds of Guilan rice fields. Infestation of weeds in a field can be described by three characteristics of the number of available weed species, the density of each species and the distribution of species in the field. The species in a field are almost constant from year to year, but the other two factors vary greatly in response to the environment, agronomic plans and weed management practices. However, detailed information on the presence, composition, abundance, importance and ranking of weed species depends on weed management strategies with average yield of rice. The objective of this study was to investigate rice weed community richness and composition in the Guilan province, Iran during 2014 and 2016 and their relationships with management. The study was conducted in Guilan province (between 36° 34' to 38° 27' latitudes and 48° 53' to 50° 34' longitudes), northern Iran, with 14044 kilometer square of area. 481 fields were selected from 10 days after transplantation to the end of panicle formation. Taking the area of each field into consideration, 0.25 m2 quadrats were done for sampling using a W-shaped sampling pattern. The weeds at each quadrat were counted and their genera and species were identified. The Frequency, field uniformity over all fields, density of the weeds in each field, the mean weed density of the visited fields, and dominance of the various species in each region were determined. The Simpson index (D) gives more importance to the common species, but the Shannon-Wiener index (H) puts greater importance on rare species. After collecting the data and making the calculations required for determining the population indices, this information created the main layer in the project, and was then designed in the format of a databank. 66 weed species were identified in rice fields of Guilan province, which belonged to 29 families. According to the dominance index of weed, Echinochloa crussgalli was the highest among 66 identified species in Astaneasharafyeh, Amlash, Anzali, Rasht, Roudsar, Siahkal, Fouman, Lahijan and Langroud. Alisma plantago-aquatica had the highest prevalence index in Rezvanshahr. Paspalum distichum was one of the dominant species in shaft, Talesh and Masal regions, having the highest dominance index. Cyperus difformis had the highest dominance index in Somesara. Bolbosoenus maritimus was one of the most important weeds in rice fields located in Roudbar with dominance index equal to 9.9. Azolla filiculoides in 11 regions of Guilan had the highest frequency among floating and submerged weeds in 16 regions. The green algae were the dominant weeds at Astaneasharafyeh and Masal. In the both of regions of Somesara and Lahijan, Lemna minor was the most abundant aquatic weeds. Najas marina is the herbaceous plant having the highest abundance among floating and submerged species in Roudbar. The Shannon-Weiner and Simpson indices were the highest in Talesh (2.85 and 11.93, respectively) and the lowest in Roudbar (1.97 and 3.99, respectively). Uniformity index in Rezvanshahr had the largest quantity equal to 0.806. Identification of weeds is the most important action for weed management. Weed flora composition in rice fields of 16 areas at Guilan Province consisted of 66 species belonging to 29 families. Roudsar and Langaroud regions were the most dominant sites with a total of 47 weed species followed by Rasht and Lahijan (46 sp.), Astaneasharafyeh (42 sp.), Amlash (37 sp.), Talesh (36 sp.), Fouman and Siahkal (34 sp.), Roudbar (32 sp.), Rezvanshahr and Somesara (30 sp.), Masal (28 sp.), Astara (27 sp.) and Shaft and Anzali (25 sp.). Ten species, three grass (narrowleaf) species (E. crussgalli, P. distichum, and E. oryzoides), three sedge species (C. esculentus, C. serotinus, and C. difformis), four broad-leaved species (E. prostrata, S. trifolia and A. plantago-aquatica), and one fern species (A. filiculoides) were the most widespread and of the highest abundance. Frequency, density and dominance of weeds according to the rice ecosystem in different regions can be changed. Due to lack of knowledge on identification and effective weed control factors, the weeds population is growing. Therefore, assessing the management role in changing the weed communities structure of species diversity can be useful to improve weed control.

In this research, the abundance and species diversity of herbivorous arthropods in wheat fields under no tillage (NT), minimum tillage system (MT) and conventional tillage system (CT) were compared during two successive growing seasons. Sampling was done by pitfall traps, yellow sticky cards and D- vac device during wheat growth stages. Diversity indices (Shannon - Wiener, Simpson, and Berger-Parker) and Pileos evenness Index (J) were determined by Past software. Psammotitix aliens (30.1%) was the only eudominant pest species which found in MT system. Dominant pest species in MT were Mallachius bipustulatus (26.13%) and Haplothrips tritici (14%) while in NT were Psammotitix aliens (25.6%), Haplothrips tritici (24.91%), Petrobia latens (12.28%) and in CT were Psammotitix aliens (26.66%) and Mallachius bipustulatus (22.78%)respectively. Shannon index in NT, MT and CT were 2.25, 2.13 and 2.26, While Simpson and Berger- parker indices were 0.84, 0.81, 0.84 and 0.25, 0.30, 0.26 respectively. As well as, J index in mentioned systems were 0.35, 0.31 and 0.34 respectively. In conclusion,’ herbivorous arthropods abundance in CT showed significant difference with MT and NT systems. As well as, diversity and evenness indices in MT showed significant difference with NT and CT systems.

The present survey, provides species diversity of Ichneumoniformes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in some areas of Jiroft (Southeast Iran). Sampling was done during 2014-2015 at different locations and altitudes with Malaise trap. All obtained specimens were identified to species level and also the numbers of each species per sample were counted. The collected specimens were analyzed with the software SDR 4. A total of 20 species from 17 genera are listed in this paper as the fauna of Jiroft. The results of indices of Shannon Winer and Pielou J showed that Maskoon with 17 species and 49 specimens has the highest diversity and evenness, Jiroft with 15 species and 54 specimens, Faryab with 8 species and 13 specimens were the next rates. Among all species Mesostenus grammicus with 31 specimens (22.14%) has the most abundance in all studied area. Also five species of them with only one specimen (0.71%) were determined as subrare species.

The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Col.: Chrysomelidae) is the most important phytophagous pest of potato in Iran. In this research, diversity and abundance of terrestrial predators, and density of Colorado potato beetle eggs, larvae and adults were studied in potato rows located at 5, 10, 15, and 20 m from the alfalfa field (in the potato field adjacent to the alfalfa field) along with the control (the sole potato field) in Ardabil region during 2014 and 2015. In this study, eight terrestrial predator species in the control potato field and fourteen terrestrial predator species in the potato field adjacent to the alfalfa field were collected using pitfall trap and identified, amongst which spiders and carabid beetles had more relative abundance. The Shannon diversity index (H’) for terrestrial predators in the potato rows located at 5, 10, 15, and 20 m from the alfalfa field (in the potato field adjacent to the alfalfa field) was significantly higher than in the control potato field. During two years, the abundance of spiders and Carabid beetles decreased with increasing distance of the potato rows from the alfalfa field. Moreover, the density of Colorado potato beetle eggs, larvae and adults increased with increasing distance of the potato rows from the alfalfa field. Therefore, use of the strip cropping of potato and alfalfa (with 10 m of the potato strips width) could be recommended to the farmers in the integrated management of Colorado potato beetle.

Beetles of Carabidae or ground beetles are one of the most well-known groups of Coleoptera. Most of them are considerable predators of common agriculture pests. Because of the vast and diverse agriculture areas in Jiroft, we studied the fauna of Carabidae in different agriculture crop lands of Jiroft. Different methods such as hand picking, pit fall traps and light traps were used in this study, during 2012-2013. In total, 30 species and subspecies belonging to 21 genera and 10 subfamilies of carabid beetles were collected and identified. Most of the species were collected by pit fall traps. One species of the genus Acinopus was new for science, but needs further examinations. All species, except 7 were new to the fauna of Kerman province. Sampling in two climatically different, but geographically close (75kms) regions showed that species diversity differed between two regions. The species Pheropsophus (Stenaptinus) arabicus had the highest density among collected species. Regarding the role of habitat management in protecting natural enemies such as ground beetles, it is suggested that providing places as refugies for such insects in field boundaries and preventing application of pesticides can protect such insects and enhance their species diversity.

Pollination and pest control are perhaps the best-known ecological services performed by hover flies. The species diversity and their abundance have an influential impact on the ecological services provided by this family. To find out species diversity of adult flower flies associated with agroecosystems in Kerman province, a biodiversity survey using insect net and color water traps was conducted in years 2012 and 2013. Using 3 types of color water trap biodiversity indices of flower flies at 3 different sampling sites were evaluated. At each sampling site, from each color of yellow, blue and white 3 traps were placed on stands and the captured flies were collected every 2 weeks from late April until late July in 2 sequential years. The values of biodiversity indices were determined both in time and spatial scales. In this study, 29 species belonging to 2 subfamilies were collected and identified which all of them were new for the fauna of Kerman province. Among them, Paragus romanicus Stanescu is reported from Iran for the first time. A two-way ANOVA revealed that the measured values for Shannon-Weiner index had significant differences only in time. The differences in evenness values in time scale for year 2012 were not significant, but in 2013, the evenness values had significant differences in both time and location of sampling. The results showed considerable differences in efficiency of collection methods used in the present study.

Members of family Isotomidae are slender، without setae and scale on body. They occur in various habitats. Due to study of their fauna in Mazandaran province، several samplings were carried out in 2012-2013. The animals were extracted by Berlese funnel and microscopic slides were made and the samples identified. A total of nine genera and 13 species belonging to family Isotomidae were identified. The genus Pseudisotoma and the species P. sensibilis، Isotomurus afghanicus and Folsomiaksenemani are recorded for the first time from Iran and the genus Anurophorus and the species Proisotomasubminuta are new for Mazandaran fauna of Collembola.

Hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are considered as one of the most important natural enemies of aphids, and one of the most useful pollinators of plants. Their larvae are predators of aphids and they have an important role in ensuring biological balance. In this study, which were performed in Garmsār region in 2010, these flies were collected and identified. The species diversity of these insects was measured by indexes of Shanon–Winer (H´), Brilloun (Ĥ), and Margalov (Dmg). In the faunistic studies, 16 species belonging to 10 genera and 2 sub-families, were identified, among them the species, Eupeodes lapponicus, is considered as the new record form Iran. The maximum diversity and abundance of hover flies in Garmsār were as Ĥ=1.125, H´=2.247, Dmg=22.878 at the first week of Khordād month (end of May). Also, Episyrphus balteatus is dominant speciesin Garmsar region.

The diversity and abundance of bees associated with alfalfa and onion fields in Mashhad and Chenaran were evaluated from mid June until late October 2010. Considering the type and flowering period of the studied crops, by using a standard sweeping net, either a weekly or biweekly sampling program of apoid bees were carried out in selected fields for both crops. As a result, 17 species of 15 genera belonging to 6 families of super family Apoidea were identified. Among the identified species Anthidium diadema (Latreille1809) is a new species recorded for Iran while 7 genera and 5 species reported for the first time for Razavi Khorasan province. The species, Anthidium florentinum with relative abundances of 29.16% and 28.14% in Mashhad and Chenaran respectively were the dominant bee in alfalfa, and in onion fields, the genus Andrena sp. with relative abundance of 30 % in Mashhad and 42.2% in Chenaran was recognized as the dominant bees. Statistically, both the effects of crop type and site of study as well as the interaction of crop × site on Shannon-Wiener index of biodiversity were significant. The value of this index for alfalfa was the highest in Mashhad (1.92) and lowest in Chenaran (1.78). The Sorenson index of similarity between bees community of alfalfa in Mashhad and Chenaran, onion of Mashhad and Chenaran and between alfalfa and onion were respectively 0.81, 0.60 and 0.54, indicating a high similarity between apoid fauna of alfalfa fields in the two different regions. Considering the importance of the functions of biodiversity of insect pollinators in agroecosystems, for protection and as well for its optimum utilization, extensive understanding of the characteristics, temporal and spatial distribution of its affecting components, namely pollinator wasps is required emphatically.