جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "بره بلوچی" در نشریات گروه "علوم دام"

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing different levels of tomato pulp silage as a fiber source on yield, microbial fermentation, volatile fatty acid production and blood metabolites in Baluchi sheep. This study was conducted in a completely randomized design with 30 Baluchi lambs with 3 treatments of 10 lambs and average weight of 25 ± 1.5 kg. The trial period was 90 days. Experimental treatments include: 1). the basal diet only corn silage 2). The basal diet + corn silage containing 5% tomato pulp 3). The basal diet + corn silage contained 10% tomato pulp. Results of dry matter intake and body weight change showed no significant difference between the experimental diets. Based on the results of this experiment, plasma glucose concentration was normal in all experimental animals and were not affected by the experimental diets. The amount of rumen fluid in the experimental sheep decreased with the use of tomato pulp silage in the diet and had a significant difference (p<0.05) with the control group. In general, according to the results, using tomato silage as a by-product of up to 10% can improve production performance.

In livestock rearing, providing a balanced diet for animal in order to produce meat and milk is the main component of this profession. Due to the limited rainfall and lack of good forage resources in Iran, nutrition has the highest cost share in livestock production. Therefore, identifying local source of animal feed and determining their nutritional value is essential. Because using these local feed sources in addition to reducing feed costs, prevents the depletion of these natural resources and increases employment. Reed fodder is one of the available forage species in many parts of the world, including Iran, and has a good potential for using in livestock feeds. This plant grows abundantly in wetlands and on the banks of most rivers in the country. Despite the severe shortage of livestock feed in Iran, the reed fodder is not used properly in livestock feeds. The crude protein, crude fiber and calcium amounts of reed fodder are 11.4%, 31% and 0.17 %, respectively. A cow weighing 300 kg needs 6 %digestible protein for 500 g daily gain, which reed fodder can supply half of the digestible protein and all the calcium and phosphate. The expansion of the livestock feed industry made it perfect feed for the various stages of growth of the most types of livestock. Complete feed block (CFB) is composed of forage, concentrate, and other supplementary nutrients in a desired proportion, which is capable to fulfill nutrient requirements of animals. The feeding of CFB stabilizes rumen fermentation, minimizes fermentation loss, and ensures better ammonia utilization. Advantages of CFB are using local feed raw materials which are cheaper and easier in distribution, because the distance between the processing place and the farm is closer. Also, it has a competitive advantage compared with commercial feed manufactured in large industrial scale; because, it is more efficient in production, it is lower in transportation costs and easier in storage, and it can reduce operating costs, especially labor. The type of feed will prevent selective feeding of animals;then, nutrients are provided more evenly by rumen microorganisms. There are few studies on the use of reed fodder in complete feed block form. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of diet containing reed fodder (Phragmatis australis) in the form of complete feed block on growth performance of Baluchi lambs.

Thirty male lambs with an average age of 5 to 6 months and weight of 28±2.9 kg were fed with complete diets based on 30% forage and 70% concentrate. The experimental diets were: 1) total mixed ration containing alfalfa hay and wheat straw as the control, 2) complete feed block containing reed fodder as block diet, and 3) total mixed ration containing reed fodder as mixed diet. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three treatments and 10 replications. Animals were fed the experimental diets for 105 days, and daily feed intake were recorded. A digestion trail for seven days were conducted at the middle of experimental feeding, and daily feed intake and feces excretion were recorded. At the end of experiment, rumen fluid samples were taken from each animal at 3 h after morning feeding. Concentration of NH3-N was determined for rumen fluid samples according to Broderich and Kang (1980), and VFA were analyzed according to Ervin et al. (1961). Rumen fluid was used to direct count of protozoa using the methods of Dehority (2003). The chewing activities were recorded through a visual observation method for a period of 24 h continuously (08:00 to 08:00 the next day) at 5 – min intervals. Blood samples from jugular vein were collected in serum tubes containing anticoagulant agent approximately 4 h after morning feeding.

Feed intake (g/day), weight gain (g/day), and final weight (kg) of lambs fed with control and block diets were higher than those fed with mixed diets (P˂0.05). Apparent digestibility of DM, NDF, ADF, and CP in lambs fed with control and block diets were higher (P˂0.05), but no significant difference was observed between lambs fed with control and block diets. In lambs receiving the mixed diet, the NH3-N concentration was lower and the ratio of acetate to propionate was higher (P˂0.05), but no significant difference was observed between lambs receiving the control and block diets. The pH of rumen fluid as well as concentrations of isovaleric acid and valeric acid were not affected by experimental treatments. The whole rumen protozoa population and the population of Entodiniums and Epidiniums were higher in lambs fed with block diet (P˂0.05), but no significant difference was observed between lambs fed with the control and mixed diets. The concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was lower in lambs fed with the control and block diets (P˂0.05), but no significant difference was observed between lambs fed with the control and block diets. Other blood metabolites were not affected by experimental diets. The physical form of the feed (block diet) significantly increased the eating rate, ruminating rate, and total activity of the chewing (P˂0.05). Compared to lambs fed with block and mixed diets, lambs fed with control diet spent more time for eating, ruminating, and chewing. Feed conversion ratio of lambs fed with diets containing reed fodder was not affected by the physical form of the feed. Probably the decrease in air temperature during the fattening period affected the feed conversion ratio, and it was more effective for lambs fed with mixed diet with rough feed. The cost of feed per kilogram of live weight gain during the fattening period for each of the control, block, and mixed diets was calculated as 76630, 66360 and 67270 Rials, respectively. Based on these results, the use of reed fodder in the form of cubic blocks was more economical than the other two treatments.

The results of this experiment support the positive effects of using diets containing reed fodder in the form of complete feed block with the lower costs in areas which have the potential for growth of reed fodder.

The aim of this experiment was to determine the effects of different microbial products on the performance and health of Baluchi lambs. 40 Baluchi make lamb with mean age of one year and initial body weight of 30 kg ± 1.5 kg for 90 days were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments and ten replicates. Experimental diets were 1) basal diet (control group), 2) basal diet +0.5 gr probiotic, 3) basal diet+2 gr of prebiotic 4) basal diet+0.5 gr probiotic +2 gr of prebiotic per head (sheep) per day. Body weight (BW) and body growth measures were recorded First and period End. Feces were scored weekly. The pH ruminal fluid was determined immediately after sampling and straightening it. The results of this experiment showed that mean BW was higher in probiotic than other groups (52.85). There was no difference between treatments for the final weight, daily gain, feed intake and feed conversion rate. Also, there were no significant differences between treatments in health indicators, fecal consistency and digestibility of nutrients. The results of this study indicated that with use probiotic, pH ruminal fluid was increased and there was a significant difference between the control group (P <0.05). Overall Results of this experiment indicated that supplementation probiotics did not have a significant effect on the performance and health indicators of pre-growing lambs.

An experiment was conducted for evaluation the effects of raisin waste (RW) on the performance, blood parameters and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Numbers of 15 Baluchi male lambs (average weight of 21.15±0.67 kg) were allocated to 3 treatments with a completely randomized design. Experimental treatments included: 1) control (40% alfalfa and no RW), 2) replacement of 50% alfalfa with RW and 3) replacement of 100% alfalfa with RW. Using RW in treatments 2 and 3 had a significant effect on average daily gain compared with control ration (P<0.05). With increasing the amount of RW in the ration, the total protein of serum (TPP) decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the first period of experiment (14-28 days). However, other blood parameters such as glucose, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (AST), triglycerides (TG), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were not affected by the treatments (P>0.05). The level of TG, AST, TPP and BUN decreased compared with control ration (P<0.05) within the second period of experiment (42-56 days). The lowest amount of acetic acid and valeric acid within the first period of the experiment was for treatment 3, while the highest level of valeric acid and isovaleric acid within the second period was for treatment 1( P<0.05). Adding RW to the ration had no significant effect on pH of ruminal fluid (P>0.05). Overall results showed that replacing part of alfalfa with RW as a low cost product not only had no negative-impact on the studied parameters in Baluchi lambs but it also improved their performance.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Ferulla alliacea resin and wire copper oxide on internal parasite control as well as growth performance of Baluchi fattening lambs. Towenty-five Baluchi lambs, aged 6 to 7 months and weighed 20 ± 5 kg on average, were selected as trial sample. The experiment was done using completely randomized design with five groups as treatments replicated five times for 60 days. Treatments consisted of 1) control ( without additive), 2) Ferulla alliacea resin, 3) copper oxide wire, 4) combination of copper and Ferulla alliacea resin, 5) albendazole (anti parasite druge). During the experiment period, some parameters such as EPG (the number of eggs per gr of feces) and PCV (hematocrit equivalent) were measured at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 day of experiment, as well as weight gain weekly. According to the results, body weight changes were significant in 3th, 4th, 5th and 7th weeks (p

Introduction A major constraint of animal production in south of Iran is the lack of cheap source of roughages. Date palm leaves (DPL) is one of the most abundant agricultural by-products in south of Iran. Almost all pruned leaves are discarded in the fields, mainly for nutrients recycling and soil conservation (M. Wan Zahari, et al1999). The yearly maintenance of date palm tree produces a (around 20 kg per each tree) considerable quantities of green leaves (Bahman et al (1997); Pascual et al (2000)). Ruminant can utilize crop residues, with poor nutritional value. These residues are traditionally fed to animal as the main part of diet in many developing countries. However; dry matter intake of these by-products are not adequate to fulfill the nutrient requirements of livestock even at maintenance level (Dixon and Egan, 2002). DPL has a great potential for use as a roughage or bulk source in total mixed ration (TMR) for ruminants in dry areas. Detailed studies on fermentation characteristics and palatability of DPL silage, as well as on animal performance, have been reported by many workers (e.g. Abu Hassan and Ishida, 1991; Ishida and Abu Hassan, 1997; Oshio et al., 1999). Some researchers such as El-din and Tag-El-Din, 1996; and Bahman et al., 1997 have reported that DPL cannot be fed to animals because of low crude protein (6-7%) and high level of fibrous cell wall content low palatability and digestibility. Therefore we design one experiment that investigates possibility of using DPL without any enrichment. The objective of this trial was to study the effect of replacement DPL with wheat straw and voluntary intake, average body gain and health of Baluchi ewe lambs.
Materials and Methods Twenty-four Iranian Baluchi female lambs with initial body weight (BW) of 20.48±0.5 kg and age of 130±10 days were assigned to 4 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Groups were balanced for weight and experimental trail lasted for 76 days. All lambs were given a TMR composed of 39% forage (alfalfa and wheat straw or DPL) and 61% concentrate. The concentrate portion (61%) was the same for all treatments, therefore the dietary treatments differed only in forage part of diet(39%) and they were 1) wheat straw (24%), 2) wheat straw (16%), DPL (8%), 3) wheat straw (8%), DPL (16%), 4) DPL (24%). The diets were fed in form of ad libitum and total mixed ration (TMR). DPL were collected in fall season (time of pruning), dried under the sun light and stored and a dry clean shed up to starting the feeding trial. DPL were chopped in particle size of 3-5cm before mixing. Approximately all diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenos. Diets were offered to the lambs twice daily in almost equal meals at 8 am and 4 pm to meet their feed requirement and fresh water was also available for sheep at all times during the trail.
Results and Discussion Feeding of DPL to Baluchi sheep did not affect their health. Such results have been reported elsewhere by other workers (Osman Mahgoub, et al., 2005). Lambs fed by diet 4 had higher fibrinogen content in their blood samples than other animals in other treatments. The highest feed intake (1033 g/day) was observed in diet 4
containing 24% of DPL. In contrast the animal fed by diet 1 (24% wheat straw) had the lowest feed intake (856 g/day) among all treatments. Average body weight gain of lambs fed by diet 1 was significantly (P

An experiment was carried out to evaluate how dietary rumen degradable and rumen undegradable protein level may alter nitrogen efficiency and urea transporter-B expression in growing Baluchi male lambs. Three Baluchi male lambs (30±2 kg BW) were used in a change over design and given 1 of 3 isonitrogenous supplements: 1) high ruminally degradable protein (RDP/RUP 80:20), 2) medium ruminally degradable protein (RDP/RUP 75:25) and 3) low ruminally degradable protein (RDP/RUP 70:30). Treatments had significant effect on Soluble Fraction (P<0.05), Degradable Fraction (P<0.05), Degradation Rate (P<0.05) and Effective Degradability (P<0.05). A significant difference was observed for DM (P<0.05), CP (P<0.05) and NDF (P<0.05) digestibility. The maximum value of NH3-N (P<0.05) and BUN (P<0.05) concentration was measured in HRDP diet followed by MRDP and LRDP diets. Fecal N excretion of LRDP (g/d) (P<0.05) diet was significantly higher than diets MRDP and HRDP. Urinary N excretion of HRDP diet (g/d) (P<0.05) was significantly higher than other diets. A significant difference was observed for ruminal urea transporter-B mRNA expression (P<0.05). In conclusion, this study show that dietary changes in rumen degradable and rumen undegradable protein produce significant changes in urea transporter-B expression within the ovine rumen. Our findings suggest that the dietary regulation of urea transporters plays a major role in altering urea entry into the gastrointestinal tract.

In this research، growth traits (birth and weaning weight، and pre-weaning average daily gain) records collected from 11،837 Baluchi lambs (represented 300 rams and 3،694 dams) during 31 years (1978-2008) in two flocks of Abbas Abad breeding station، Mashhad were used. Probability of «more than the average» was modeled for some environmental factors using logistic regression for the traits. The overall average and standard error of birth and weaning weight، pre-weaning average daily gain were 4. 32 (±0. 007)، 22. 33 (±0. 046) kg and 193. 22 (±0. 436) gr، respectively. The results indicated that year، sex and birth type of lamb had statistically significant effect on the probability of «more than the average» for all traits. Based on estimated regression coefficient، year of birth had negative effect on the probability associated with birth weight (-0. 014) while it had positive effects on the probability of weaning weight (0. 19) and pre-weaning average daily gain (0. 017). Inbreeding was found to have negative effects on the probability associated with birth (-2. 399) and weaning (-1. 495) weights. Dam age at lambing had positive effect on the probability associated with birth weight (0. 02). The probability associated with weaning weight (0. 087) was found to be positively affected by weaning age.

In order to evaluate the effect of feeding different levels of wheat bran on fattening performance as well as carcass characteristics، an experiment was conducted on fifteen Baluchi male lambs. The experiment was done using three treatments with five replicates each. in completely randomized design manner. The treatments consisting 10،20and 30% wheat bran. In the last two treatments، wheat bran was substitute with barley and corn. The experiment was run for 90 days. The results indicated that carcass componentsas well as، average daily gain، final live weight and feed conversion ratio were not affected by the treatments. Feed intake as well as nutrient consumption were not significantly affected by the treatments. Wheat bran consumption was affected by the treatments significantly (P<0. 05). Although pH was not significantly affected by the treatments، ammonia nitrogen concentration was different among the treatments (P<0. 05) and increased as wheat bran percentage increaded. It can be therefore concluded that levels higher than 30% DM of wheat bran could be used in replace of cereals.