جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « بره سنجابی » در نشریات گروه « علوم دام »

Harmful effect of antibiotics is evident in the feed industry. This industry needs an alternative instead of growth-promoting antibiotics. Medicinal plants can be the alternative due to their antimicrobial and nutritional effects. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is one of the medicinal plants used in animal and poultry nutrition. Coriander seeds’ essential oil is rich in oxygenated monoterpenes. In addition to camphor, granil acetate, alpha-pinene, graniol, and pisimin are other predominant constituents of coriander seed’s essential oil. Minerals including phosphorus, calcium, potassium, and essential amino acids including glutamine, asparagine, and arginine have also been identified as components of coriander seeds. The main component of coriander seeds is linalool. The effect of using coriander seeds and its positive effects on yield, rumen fermentation process, blood parameters, meat quality, and feed conversion ratio has been reported in sheep of different breeds. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of adding coriander seeds to the diet on yield, nutrient digestibility, and blood parameters of Sanjabi lambs. 16 male lambs with 90 days of age (weaning age) and an average weight of 27±1.5 kg were considered in this study. Fattening was done for 90 days. Lambs were also vaccinated against enterotoxemia. Diets contained the concentrate to forage ratio of 70 to 30. Diets included 0 (without medicinal plants), one, three, and five percentages of coriander seeds. During the fattening period, water and feed were ad libitum to the lambs and the feed was distributed three times a day. Lambs were weighed at the beginning of the period and then monthly after 14 hours of starvation. The dry matter intake was measured daily and the average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were calculated at the end of the fattening period. To prepare a stool sample for each head of lamb, five daily stool samples were mixed in equal value and thus a sample was prepared for each lamb. At the end of the rearing period, the fecal collection was performed directly from the rectum of the lamb for five consecutive days. Stool samples were collected from the rectum every three hours and immediately transferred to a refrigerator at 4 °C. The statistical analysis of data was conducted in a completely randomized design using the GLM procedure of the SAS program. Also, Duncan’s multiple range test was used for the comparison of treatment means. The digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, and insoluble fibers in neutral detergent (percent) was the same in different treatments (P>0.05). Creatinine, albumin, total globulin, glucose, total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, beta-hydroxybutyrate, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase were not affected by experimental treatments during feeding (P>0.05). None of the blood serum metabolites of lambs was affected by coriander seed ((P>0.05). The results showed that consumption of coriander seeds had a significant effect on dry matter intake and daily weight gain (P<0.05). The best feed conversion ratio was obtained in the treatment containing one percent of coriander seeds (P<0.05). Compared to the control diet, diets containing coriander seeds had a significant effect on the apparent digestibility of calcium and phosphorus (P<0.05). Using coriander seeds in the diet made a decrease in blood urea nitrogen and increased blood glucose during the fattening period, but did not affect other blood metabolites. Concentrations of liver enzymes including aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase tended to be increased by five percent of coriander seed in the diet compared to the control treatment, indicating liver activity to remove toxic effects and anti-nutrients components. Coriander seeds have strong antioxidant properties due to compounds such as riboflavin, tocopherol, total polyphenols, gallic acid, caffeic acid, and quercin. In the present study, blood cholesterol decreased by increasing coriander seeds in the diet. This may be due to a decrease in the activity of the cholesterol-synthesizing enzyme in the liver, making a decrease in tissue cholesterol, and the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids by aging. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded the use of one to three percent of coriander seed in the diet of fattening lambs improved the performance, and apparent digestibility and has positive effects on blood metabolites including glucose and urea nitrogen in Sanjabi lambs.

Zinc is one of the most important and essential trace elements that plays a vital role in many biological processes such as the activity of enzymes and hormones, cell membrane stability, gene expression, cell division and antioxidant defense. Therefore, this experiment was performed to compare the effects of supplementation of nano (zinc nano oxide), organic (zinc polysaccharide) and inorganic (zinc sulfate) forms of the trace element zinc on performance, antioxidant status and some blood parameters of growing Sanjabi lambs.

This study was performed on 20 male Sanjabi lambs (approximate age 4.5 months and mean weight 29.55 ± 1.1 kg). Treatments include 1) control group (basic diet without zinc supplement), 2) zinc sulfate group, 3) zinc-polysaccharide group 4) zinc nano oxide group. The amount of zinc added in each experimental group was 20 mg / kg dry matter. The diet was given to the lambs freely for 60 days in the morning and evening. In order to evaluate the growth performance, weight loss was performed at the beginning of the experiment and then at 15-day intervals. To determine the amount of dry matter consumed, the amount of feed and its residue were measured daily for each animal. To measure blood parameters and antioxidant status, blood samples were taken in the first days, 30 and 60. Data were analyzed using SAS statistical software version 9.2 using Mixed procedure and Duncan test was used to compare the means at the probability level of 0.05.

The use of zinc supplement in different forms had no effect on the growth performance of lambs (P >0.05). The use of 20 mg zinc per kg of dietary dry matter in different forms caused a significant increase in plasma compared to the control group (P <0.05), but had no significant effect on plasma copper and iron concentrations and serum calcium and phosphorus(P >0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase increased in the groups supplemented with zinc (P <0.05). Despite the decrease in serum malondialdehyde index in the zinc supplemented groups compared to the control treatment, this difference was significant only in the zinc nano oxide group (P <0.05). The use of different forms of zinc had no effect on the total antioxidant capacity (P >0.05).

The results of this experiment showed that the use of zinc supplement in different forms (inorganic, organic and nano) increases the concentration of zinc in plasma. In addition, it reduces the malondialdehyde index and increases the activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme.

Compensatory growth is usually considered as an integral part of studies on feed restriction and there is little information about ruminant’s fattening performance under continuous long term feed restriction (throughout all fattening period), especially in high concentrate diets. The aims of this study were, therefore, to evaluate the effects of quantitative feed restriction on growth performance, serum metabolites concentration, diet chemical components digestibility and the weights of offal components in male Sanjabi lambs. This study was conducted based on a completely randomized design, including three treatments and seven replicates using 21 male Sanjabi lambs (90±9 days old; 29.5±3.25 kg). Experimental diet was formulated based on NRC (2007) recommendations. After weaning, lambs were randomly distributed between 3 treatments. Treatments were: 1) ad libitum consumption of diet throughout the fattening period (control); 2) restricted feeding at 90 % of ad libitum intake, and 3) restricted feeding at 80 % of ad libitum intake throughout the fattening period. The amount of feed consumption for each lamb was recorded daily and body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were recorded and calculated triweekly. To Blood samples were collected from jugular vein at days 1, 42 and 84 to measurement serum metabolites concentration. The digestibility of diet’s chemical components was determined using acid-insoluble ash marker. Upon completion of the 84-day recording period, 4 lambs from each treatment were slaughtered and weights of noncarcass components and carcass percentage were measured. Average daily weight gain decreased significantly and in a linear manner by reduction in feed intake level (P<0.01) and feed conversion ratio did not affect by feed restriction. Body and empty body weights, hot carcass weight and weights of head, fat tail, kidneys, omental fat and empty gastrointestinal tract reduced significantly by 20% reducing in feed consumption comparison to lambs in control group (P<0.05). With the exception of significant decrease in serum insulin and glucose concentrations (P<0.05), feed restriction had no significant effect on concentration of other measured blood serum metabolites including total protein, creatinine, urea, cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids and also thyroxine and triiodothyronine hormones. Digestibility of dry matter and other diet chemical ingredients, regardless significant reduce in ether extract digestibility (P<0.05), were not affected by restricting feed consumption. Results showed that slight feed restriction caused downfall in fattening male lambs growth performance. Thus, restriction the feed offered to fattening lambs during the total fattening period is not recommended.