جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « دانه سویا » در نشریات گروه « علوم دام »

For this expriment 1440 Ross 308 male broilers (from 1 to 42 days of age) were used in a randomized complete block design with eight treatments in six blocks. Experimental diets included: soybean meal (control treatment), raw soybeans, full-fat soybeans extruded (15%) at 90 and 150°C, and each of them with 0.02% or without (0.0) protease enzyme supplementation. The use of raw soybean compared to soybean meal or extruded full-fat soybean significantly reduced feed intake, body weight and relative carcass weight, as well as increased feed conversion ratio and pancreatic weight (P<0.01). weight gain was improved in diets supplemented by protease enzyme compared to diets containing raw soybean (P<0.01). Feed conversion ratio was improved in diets containing raw soybean and soy bean meal by dietary protease supplementation (P<0.01). Extrusion temperature did not affect the growth performance of experimental birds. Diet containing raw soybean without enzyme increased blood cholesterol levels (P <0.05). According to the findings of this study, the use of protease enzyme in diets containing soybean meal or raw soybean can improve the performance of broilers However, such effect is less pronounced in diets containing extruded full-fat soybean meal.

This research was undertaken to evaluate the effects of roasting and extruding heat processes on chemical composition, nitrogenous fractions, urease activity, metabolic protein, properties of degradability, and the ruminal- intestinal digestibility of dry matter and crude protein of raw and processed soybeans.

This study was carried out at the Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Iran. During the extrusion process, soybeans were affected for 20-30 seconds at 150-160°C in the extruder by heat and pressure and finally were dried and cooled. In the process of roasting, the soybean for 15 minutes at temperature of 145°C was heated and for 45 minutes holding tank for heat storage remained. Seeds were dried and cooled by air flow, dry and cold. Approximate analysis of samples including dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and ash was determined by AOAC. The urease activity of raw and processed soybean was determined based on ISO-3896. Degradability parameters of the samples were measured after incubation for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 hours in the rumen of two fistulated Brown Swiss cows. Also, ruminal and post ruminal digestibility were determined with the incubation of samples for 12 hours in the rumen by Daisy system. The DM and CP degradation data were fitted by exponential equation: P=a+b (1-e–ct). Effective degradability (ED) were calculated using of equation ED = a + {(cb)/(c + k)} and taking into consideration passing rate (k) 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 per hour.

The findings of the present research revealed that roasting and extruding heat processes lead to increase of dry matter through decreasing water content and that it had no significant effect on other chemical composition. The findings showed that the process of roasting and extruding caused the amount of actual protein of the soybean to increase and was not effective on the amount of insoluble nitrogen in neutral detergent of the soybean. The non-protein nitrogen and nitrogen dissolved in the buffer soybean under the influence of roasting and extruding decreased. The amount of acid detergent insoluble nitrogen soybean decreased which might be due to the removal of some of the shells in the processing soybean has taken place or influence of roasting and extruding decreased. The urease inhibitor of the soybean became inactive by the process of roasting and extruding. Consequently, it caused intestinal protein digestibility to increase and affected by thermal process, the amount of metabolic protein of the soybean increased significantly, too. The process of roasting and extruding reduced the rapid part degradation of dry matter of the soybean (6.27 and 4.57 percent, respectively). Also, process of roasting and extruding caused the slow part of degradation to increase (of 63.75 to 74.73 and 63.25 to 85.82 percent, respectively). In addition, the rate constants degradation of dry matter of the soybean in rumen decreased (of 6.66 to 4.21 and 6.09 to 4.74 percent) under the influence of roasting and extruding. The process of roasting and extruding reduced the rapid part degradation of crude protein (38.4 and 68.4 percent, respectively) and the slow part of degradation to increase (17.3 and 26.1 percent, respectively), the rate constants degradation of crude protein of the soybean decreased (ranged from 7.61 to 3.79). Also, thermal processes reduced effective degradability of dry matter and crude protein of the soybean. Roasting and extruded with the reduction of the amount of ruminal disappearance and the increase of the post ruminal digestibility of dry matter and crude protein of soybean cased the degradability process of the soybean to be improved so that it transferred the place of the digestion of protein from the rumen to the small intestines and cased the amount of digestible of dry matter and crude protein in the intestine to increases. The increase of digestibility in the total digestive system shows that the reduction of ruminal digestion of soybean affected by the processes of roasting and extruding has been compensated by the increase of post ruminal digestibility.

The experiment results indicated that thermal processes of roasting and extrusion were an appropriate strategy for reduction the ruminal degradability of the soybean and the supply of passing protein needed by high milk producing dairy cows.

Oil seeds are commonly used in the diet of Ruminant nutrition to meet energy and protein requirements. To eliminate the anti-nutritional substances and increasing bypass protein, soybean seeds are processed, and heat is the most common way used to processing soybeans. So using bypass proteins is important, Soybean processing causes rumen un-degradable protein content to be increased, that could increase protein absorption in the small intestine and improve nitrogen utilization efficiency. The main objectives of this research were the estimate the effect of dietary replacement of crud, extruded and rousted full-fat soybean with soybean meal on dry matter intake, growth performance, rumen parameters, diet digestibility and feeding behaviors in Afshari male lambs. Experimental diets were assigned to the 7 groups (n = 6/group) in a completely randomized design for a 74-d period (14 d for adaptation and 60 d for data collection). Experimental diets with equal ME and CP concentrations and a forage to-concentrate ratio of 30 to 70 were formulated: Treatment 1: contains 15 percent of soybean meal, treatment 2: Replace of 7.5 percent soybean meal with crud full fat soybean, Treatment 3: Replace of all soybean meal with crud full fat soybean, treatment 4: Replace of 7.5 percent of soybean meal with extruded full fat soybean, Treatment 5: Replace of all soybean meal with extruded full fat soybean, Treatment 6: Replace of 7.5 percent soybean meal with roasted full fat soybean, Treatment 7: Replace of all soybean meal with roasted full fat soybean. Dry matter intakes was effected by experimental diets (P <0.01). Using 15% rousted full fat soybean with the mean of 1.79 kg per day showed the highest dry matter intake. The use of extruded and rousted full fat soybean significantly increased daily gain in comparison with the crud full fat soybean and soybean meal (P <0.05). The use of extruded and rousted full fat soybean significantly reduced feed conversion ratio (P <0.01). In vivo digestibility of crud protein, dry matter and organic matter was not affected by the dietary treatment but neutral detergent fiber was affected by the dietary treatment (P <0.05). Feeding lambs on diets crud, extruded and rousted instead of soybean meal had no effect on volatile fatty acids and feeding behaviors. The use of extruded and roasted full-fat soybean with improved daily gain, in vivo digestibility and reduce feed conversion ratio, increased the fattening performance of Afshari male lamb.

Among oilseeds, soybean and canola seeds are widespread used in poultry diets (Baker and Chang 1992), however their use in poultry diet is limited because of anti-nutritional factors (Zeb 1998, Syddhuraju et al. 2002). Different methods have been used for improwing nutritional value of oilseeds. One of these methods is irradiation (Taghinejad-Rudboneh et al 2010, Ebrahimi-Mahmoudabad and Taghinejad-Roudbaneh 2011). Electron beam irradiation (EB) is a physical method that can improve the nutritional valueof feedstuff and has been considered recently. Advantages of processing with EB-irradiation is no damage to feeds, lack of production of non-digestible products, increase digestibility of crude protein without side effects on feeds (Majd and Ardekani 2003, Anwar et al. 2015). Therefore, present study was carried out in two separate experiments in order to investigate the effect of feeding EB-irradiated soybean and canola seeds on growing performance of Japanese quail chicks
Soybean and canola seeds were irradiated with EB at doses of 5, 10 and 15 kGy. Japanese quails were purchased and transferred to the farm. All chickens were weighed and were assigned randomly to experimental units. In each experimental unit, 14 birds of different sexes (male and female) were placed so that the average body weight was the same in each experimental unit. Diets formulated on corn and soybean meal based diets according to NRC (1994). Ingredients and chemical composition of diet of quail chicks containing soybean seed or canola seed is shown in Table 1. Quails were fed with experimental diets for 36 days in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications and 14 chicks per each replicate in two separate experiments. Quails were fed on corn-soybean meal diet. In first experiment, 12% untreated or irradiated soybean was used in diet and in second experiment, 8% untreated and irradiated canola seed was used in diet. Feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), average daily gain (ADG), protein efficiency ratio and European production efficiency factor were calculated at the end of the experiments. All birds were slaughtered at the end of the growing period. Then, weights of edible carcass, breast t, thigh t, bursa of fabricius and gastrointestinal tract were measured.
Feeding irradiated soybean seed significantly improved (P0.05). Gharghani et al (2008) reported that feeding canola meal treated with gamma irradiation had no significant effect on dressing percentage of broiler chickens. Given that feeding of diets containing irradiated soybean or canola seeds had no effect on live wieght, so no irradiation impact on carcass characteristics with the use of irradiated soybean or canola seeds treated is reasonable.
Results of the present study demonstrated that feeding EB-irradiated soybean improved performance of quails. However, feeding EB-irradiated canola seed had not significant effect on performance of quails.

The effect of feeding roasted- or extruded soybean and their equal combination instead of soybean meal on feed intake, milk yield and milk composition, meal pattern and chewing behavior was evaluated using four multiparous (DIM = 113 ± 14) and four primiparous (DIM = 96 ± 20) Holstein dairy cows. Cows were used in a replicate 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21-d periods. Experimental diets were: 1) diet containing soybean meal (13.88% of dietary DM); 2) diet containing roasted soybean (15.22% of dietary DM); 3) diet containing extruded soybean (15.55% of dietary DM); and 4) diet containing equal blend (7.69% of dietary DM) of roasted- and extruded soybean. Feed intake, sorting index, meal pattern, and chewing behavior were measurement using standard procedures. Milk yield and milk composition, dry matter intake, meal size and inter-meal interval were not influenced by experimental diets. Although both meal length and total eating time tended (P=0.06) to be increased for primiparous vs. multiparous cows, eating rate (P=0.06) and dry matter intake (P=0.01) were greater for multiparous cows. Experimental diets had no effect on sorting index. Number of rumination bouts and total rumination time were greater for primiparous vs. multiparous cows. Results indicated that milk yield, dry matter intake, feeding pattern, and chewing activity were not influenced by feeding processed soybean instead of soybean meal.

This experiment was conducted to determine nitrogen fractions and ruminal dry matter and protein degradability of raw or heated (roasted or extruded) soybean seed. Samples were incubated for 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h in the rumen of 4 cannulated Kurdish male lambs (50 ± 3 kg BW). N itrogen fractions of samples were measured by chemical methods. Results showed that extruding decreased non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) in soybean seed. In compared with raw soybean seed, roasting decreased and increased buffer soluble nitrogen and neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN), respectively. Lowest NPN and ADIN were observed in extruded soybean seed. Soybean seed extruding decreased and increased the rapidly degradable fraction (a) and the slowly degradable fraction (b) of protein, respectively. Roasting and extruding significantly decreased the rate of degradation (c). Effective degradability (ED) of soybean seed dry matter and crude protein significantly decreased by heat processing. Roasting and extruding had no effect on degradability potential of soybean seed dry matter and crude protein. The results of this experiment showed that heat processing significantly altered nitrogen fractions and decreased ruminal protein degradability of soybean seed. Also, extruding was better than roasting because it decreased NPN, ADIN, a fraction and ED and increased b fraction of soybean seed protein.

Thirty-six Moghani ewes with a history of two parities, weighing 55±5 kg were allocated in 3 groups (n=12) to investigate the impact of flaxseed and soybeans grains in the complementary randomized design on the ewes metabolites and hormones in blood, and their reproductive performance through a period of the 35 days. The experimental treatments were: 1- Flaxseed (F) (5% of total ration dry matter), 2-Soybean (S) (5% of total ration dry matter) and 3- Control (C) (without seed oil) respectively. Isonitrogenous (9% CP) and isocaloric (3.6 Mcal/kg) experimental diets were used. Body condition score of ewes at the beginning of experiment were 2.5 and reached to about 3 at the breeding time. Ewe's estrus was synchronized using CIDR 14 days before mating. 24 hours after CIDR removal, ewes were mated randomly with 5 rams of the station in the first of June. The usage of oilseeds improved fertility and lambing rate (P<0.05). Glucose, cholesterol, insulin and estrogen hormones levels of serum were higher in experimental diets containing flaxseed and soybean seeds than the control group (P<0.01).