جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « blood lipids » در نشریات گروه « علوم دام »

The effects of different dietary levels of olive leaf powder (OLP) as a natural antioxidant on growth performance, carcass traits, some blood parameters, small intestinal morphology and feed digestibility in broiler using a total of 300 one-day-old Cobb500 broilers were studied in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 3 replicates and 20 chicks for each replicate, up to 42d. The experimental diets included: corn-soybean meal basal diet (negative control), basal diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg of alpha-Tocopheryl acetate (positive control) and three basal diets containing 2, 2.5 and 3 percent OLP. The results showed that during total experimental period (1-42d), weight gain was decreased (P

Medicinal plants can be used as a natural non-antibiotic growth promoters in broilers (Mohiti-Asli et al. 2010). Herbs and medicinal plants could have various advantages including simple usage, lack of negative side effects on animal performance and without harmful residue in animal products (Shokoohmand 2008). Garden cress (Lepidium sativum) belongs to umbelliferous and has medicinal properties which reduce blood triglycerides and cholesterol. This herb contains sterols, saponins, glycosinolate, sulfur-containing glycosides, indole, terpenoids, isothiocyanate and secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds including tannins and flavonoids (Dannehl et al. 2012). Research has shown garden cress increased HDL-cholesterol and decreased LDL-cholesterol in serum of mice and humans (Chauhan et al. 2012; Moghimi 1982), reduced cholesterol concentration and LDL and VLDL-cholesterol in serum of rabbit (Salih 1994; Lathaa, et al. 2011). Supplementation of garden cress to laying hens diet improved feed conversion ratio and egg production (Al-Taee 2013).
Material and An experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design using 280 day-old quail chicks (mixed sex) with 5 treatments, 4 replicates and 14 quail chicks in each replicate from 1 to 42 days. The experimental treatments were included control (without extract) and levels of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 ml of garden cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract per one liter of drinking water. Diet were formulated to meet or exceed the nutritional requirements of Japanese quail as indicated in standard tables (NRC, 1994). Quails in each replicate were weighed by week and feed intake was determined at the end of each week. From these data, average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were calculated. On day 42 of experiment, two birds (one male and one female) from each replicate were selected then weighed, were killed and carcass yield and carcass components including breast, thighs, wings, abdominal fat, fat around neck, and bursa of Fabricius were weighed using a digital scale and their relative weight to body weight were calculated. To determine ileal microbial population of quails, after opening the abdominal cavity, ileum region between Meckel’s diverticulum and ileocecal junction separated by a sterilized scissor, about two cm of the ileum were transferred into sterile microtubes and were stored at -20 C until study E. coli, lactobacillus and coliform microbial populations (Roostaei-Ali Mehr et al. 2014). Eosin methylene blue agar medium (Merck, Germany) was used to culture E. coli, for the cultivation of coliforms from the MacConkey agar (Merck, Germany) and lactobacillus cultures from the MRS (Merck, Germany) were used. To study the blood metabolites, on day 42, blood samples were taken from wing vein of two quails from each replicate (one male and one female) and then sera were separated to measure cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol using enzymatic kits via colorimetric method.
In this study, using garden cress seed extract in drinking water had not any significant effect on feed intake, daily weight gain and feed efficiency of Japanese quail (P>0.05; Table 2). It is reported that 1 and 2 % inclusion rate of garden cress in broiler diets had no significant effect on feed intake (Al-Taee 2013; Salih 1994). Several factors influence on feed intake such as physical characteristics, viscosity, saliva production, the nutritional value of feed, feed particle size depends on the interaction between components (Blair 2008). The results showed that carcass and carcass components except thighs were not affected by any treatments at 42 day of age (Table 3). Researchers reported that supplementation of fennel seeds in broiler diets did not affect carcass characteristics and weights of liver, spleen, exchange, heart and abdominal fat (Soltan et al. 2008). Similarly, adding mint to broiler diets did not affect the relative weights of organs (Ocak et al. 2008). The results of relative length of different parts of small intestine at day 42 showed that consumption of garden cress seed extract via drinking water had a significant impact on the relative length of the intestinal segments (Table 4). It has been reported that the addition of mint essential oil in broiler diets, the weight of the small intestine and colon were not affected (Hernandez 2004). Results of a study on the effects of mint, thyme and chicory herbs in diets on jejunum and ileum histology of broiler chickens showed no significant effect on villi length, crypt depth, and villi length to crypt depth ratio (Poursina et al. 2014). Any levels of garden cress extract had significant effect on the population of E. coli and coliforms in ileum (P>0.05). However, the number of Lactobacillus affected by different treatments (P0.05). It has been reported that using the cress seed essential oil in mice reduced blood triglycerides, however did not affect HDL-cholesterol (Diwakar et al. 2010). Using garden cress leaves in amount 50 grams per day in humans can reduce LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride is (Moghimi 1982). Reasons for lack of effect of the cress seed extract on lipid quail can related to type of extract, form of use, animal species or insufficient dose of it.
The results of this study showed that the use of garden cress seed hydro-alcoholic extract had not any significant effect on performance (daily feed intake, daily weight gain and FCR), carcass traits, intestinal length and serum lipids of Japanese quail. Effect of cress seed hydro-alcoholic extract on E.coli and coliform bacteria was not significant, however supplementation of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 ml of the extract in Japanese quail increased intestinal lactobacilli count.

The effects of garlic (Allium sativum) aqueous extract in drinking water were studied on performance, blood lipids and intestinal microflora using 280 Japanese quails in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 4 replicates and 14 birds per replicate. The treatments included 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mL garlic aqueous extract per litre of drinking water, respectively. On day 42, two birds per replicate were randomly selected and after sampling from ileum for determining the microflora populations, their carcasses were decomposed. Blood samples were collected on day 42 (one male and one female) and after separating the serum, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL were measured. The results indicated that consumption of garlic aqueous extract in drinking water had no significant effect on feed intake, daily gain, feed conversion ratio, weight of carcass, internal organs (P>0.05). Treatments had no significant effect on relative length of the small intestine segments including duodenum, jejunum and ileum, and serum lipids (P>0.05). The different levels of garlic extract had no effect on Lactodacillus and Coliform populations of ileum segment. Number of E.coli colony (CFU/g)in quails that received 2 mL extract (5.83) was lower (P

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Enterococcus facium isolates from intestine of Coracias Garrulus(SE) and lactofeed probiotic on performance and carcass characteristics parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 280 chicks were arranged into 28 experimental units with 7 treatments in a completely randomized design. The treatments were included control, spraying Lactofeed, drinking Lactofeed and spraying drinking Lactofeed(LF) and spraying SE, drinking SE and spraying drinking SE. Spraying and drinking suspension with 1×1011 cfu were done on 1, 10, 24 and 35 days. The blood of two birds from each replicate was gathered at 28 and 42days. The body weight was increased when birds received SE and LF. The FCR were lower in birds received drinking probiotic and in spraying drinking SE as compared to control. The addition of SE and LF were decreased the serum cholesterol (176 vs, 121 and triglyceride (105 vs. 65)concentration of broilers. The antibody response against SRBC was increased in birds received SE and LF (8.12 vs. 5.83. The jejunum population of gram positive (4.05 vs. 18.38) and gram negative bacteria (13.68 vs. 4.99) were increased and decreased, respectively, in experimental treatments. It is concluded that supplementation of Enterococcus faciumisolates or lactofeed probiotic to water of chicks or spraying may improve the body weight and FCR, immune system and jejunum microflora of broiler chickens.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of turmeric powder (TRP), tomato pomace (TP), fat sources (canola oil, soybean oil and tallow) on immune system and jejunum morphometric parameters of heat stressed broiler chickens. Five hundred four one-d-old Ross broiler were randomly distributed to 36 experimental units and 12 dietary treatments (3 replicates with 12 birds in each). The completely randomized design with factorial arrangement 3× 2× 2 (3 oils: canola, soybean, tallow, 2 TRP levels involved 0.4, 0.8% and 2 TP levels 3, 5%) were used. A daily heat stressed schedule (33oC for 5 h) was applied from 29 to 42d. At 28 and 42 d of age, two birds were bled and plasma and hemolysate were collected. The blood cholesterol at PHS and LDL-C were decreased and HDL-C were increased when birds fed canola and soybean oil. TRP diet decreased the LDL-C and increased HDL-C. Blood lipids were not affected by TP diets. Canola oil decreased heterophil:lymphocyte (H:L)ratio at PHS, however; TRP and TP decreased H:L ratio at AHS. The lower blood enzyme activity of ALP, AST and ALT were decreased in heat stressed birds fed canola oil as compared to tallow. TP also affect ALP and ALT activity. The higher activity of GPx and lower TBARS index were observed in birds fed canola oil or TRP diet. Therefore, addition of canola oil with TRP or TP could decrease the blood lipids, liver enzyme activity, the H:L ratio and improve the antioxidant status of broiler under heat stress.

This experiment was conducted to compare the effect of trimethylglycine supplementation in diets with sufficient or insufficient quantities of protein on blood electrolytes and lipid concentrations in broilers subjected to heat stress condition. Ross 308 broilers were fed with four dietary treatments from 21 to 42 d of age. The treatments consisted of a diet with sufficient levels of protein (protein recommendation by NRC، 1994) and a low protein diet (0. 85 protein recommendation by NRC، 1994) that supplemented with trimethylglycine at 1. 5 g/kg of diet. Each of 4 dietary treatments was fed to six replicates with 18 chicks in each replicate. Four birds were wing banded in each replicate to determining of blood parameters before and after heat stress challenge at 35 d. Birds were daily exposed to 37oC for 8 hours. Dietary protein levels had significant effects on body weight gain in the grower phase (P<0. 05). Body weight gain was not significantly affected by dietary trimethylglycine levels from 2l to 42 d (P<0. 05). Broiler feed consumption was affected by protein level (P<0. 05). Feed intake of broiler chickens fed diets with NRC protein levels was higher than those birds fed the low protein diet. Supplementing of trimethylglycine and dietary protein level had not significant effect on feed conversion ratio (P<0. 05). The results of the experiment also showed that dietary protein level، trimethylglycine supplementation and sex had not significant effect on blood electrolytes and lipids concentrations before and after heat stress challenge (P>0. 05). Heat stress significantly decreased blood potassium (from 4. 34 to 3. 56) and increased triglyceride (from 64. 01 to 80. 46)، cholesterol (from 112. 69 to 135. 57) and HDL concentrations (from 67. 75 to 74. 49) (P< 0. 05). Heat stress had not significant effect on blood sodium and calcium concentrations.