جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "ileal digestibility" در نشریات گروه "علوم دام"

The experiment was conducted to measure the ileal calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) digestibility, and total tract retention (TTR) of Ca and P in soybean meal (SBM), canola meal (CM), limestone, monocalcium phosphate (MCP), and dicalcium phosphate (DCP)) for growing pullets using the direct method. Five semi-purified diets containing limestone, DCP, and MCP with a dietary Ca concentration of 10 g/kg, SBM and CM with a dietary Ca concentration of 1.9 and 2.5 g/kg, respectively, were generated. Each diet was randomly allotted to six replicates (eight birds per each) and fed for 3 days. True Ca digestibility coefficients of DCP, MCP, and limestone were determined to be 0.55, 0.57, and 0.76, respectively and in SBM and CM were 0.91 and 0.76, respectively. The highest true ileal digestibility of calcium was related to soybean meal, which was significantly higher than dicalcium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate (P<0.01). Calcium concentration in the gizzard contents of birds was higher (P < 0.01) for limestone as compared to DCP, MCP and SBM. Apparent ileal P digestibility coefficients of MCP and DCP (0.83 and 0.93, respectively), was higher than CM (P<0.01). Whereas, the TTR of phosphorus in monocalcium phosphate (0.905) was significantly higher than the other examined ingredients. The present data indicated that in laying pullets on wk 12, true Ca digestibility in limestone, SBM and CM was higher than DCP and MCP, wherease, digestibility coefficinets of P in DCP and MCP was similar and higher than other studied sources,.

The effect of sweet wormwood essence (SWE) and Lactobacillus acidophilus on performance, ileal microbiology, ileal morphology and ileal nutrient digestibility of laying Japanese quails was investigated in 180 46-d-old female Japanese quail that were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments in a completely random design with 4 replicates and 9 birds per each. The experimental diets were as follows: basal diet as control group (without additive), basal diet plus Oxytetracycline (200mg/kg), basal diet plus SWE (250mg/kg), and basal diet plus lactobacillus acidophilus (4 cfu per kg diet). Results showed that the use of Lactobacillus acidophilus increased the egg mass per hen-housed compared to control and SWE treatments (P<0.05). The number of lactobacilli in the ileal digest was also significantly increased by Lactobacillus acidophilus and SWE treatments, when compared with control treatment (P<0.05). In addition, birds fed with diets containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Oxytetracycline showed a significant increase in villous height and villous height:crypt depth, when compared with those on the control diet (P<0.05). It can be concluded that the use of Lactobacillus acidophilus as an alternative to antibiotics is more appropriate than SWE.

In order to investigate the effect of organic zinc (Zn) supplement in broiler chicken nutrition that reared at high stock density, this experiment was done by using 2 levels of density (10 and 16 birds/m2) and 4 levels of Zn (40, 80, 120 and 160 ppm) in a completely randomized design with 4×2 factorial arrangement. The results showed that birds with higher stocking density had lower feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to those in normal density from d 1-21 and birds with normal stocking density had lowest FI and FCR from d 22-42 (P<0.05). Cecal population of Coliform decreased in normal and high stock density by increasing Zn level in the diet (P<0.05). Apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein significantly increased by increasing the levels of Zn in the diet in normal and high stock density (P<0.05). These data suggest that dietary supplementation of Zn significantly increased ileal digestibility of crude protein and organic matter and also, decreased cecal population of Coliform and E. coli in high and normal stocking density without affecting the performance of broilers.

The objective of this study was to determine ileal digestibility of amino acids (AA) of canola meal using the standardized ileal digestibility (SID, ad libitum-fed), and a precision-fed ileal broiler assay (force-fed). For the SID, sixteen male Ross 308 broilers were fed a semipurified diet with 20% crude protein and containing canola meal as the only source of protein from 17 to 21 d, with ileal digesta collected at 21 d. For the precision-fed, sixteen )four groups of four chicks( 21-d-old male Ross 308 broilers were precision-fed by 10 g of semipurified diet containing canola meal mixed with chromic oxide, and ileal digesta were collected at 4 h post feeding. Then, ileal digesta samples were lyophilized, AA and chromic oxide concentration determined and standardized ileal digestibility of AA was calculated. Results showed that digestibility values for Lys, Val and His for SID assay were greater than precision-fed assay, and these values were greater for Thr, Phe and Asp for precision-fed assay than SID assay (P

Due to being safety and possessing beneficial effects on wellbeing, efficiency and gut microbial population of poultry, phytogenics have been increased attention in recent years (Hashemi and Davoodi 2011). Dried flower bud of clove tree (Syzygium aromaticum) is used in food industry as a spice because of its aromatic property. Eugenol is the main component of clove essence, comprises 72 to 90 percent of the essence, and has antioxidant (Lee and Shibamoto 2001) and antimicrobial (Devi et al. 2010) properties. The studies on clove powder (Agostini et al. 2012), essence (Mohammadi et al. 2014a) and extract indicated the positive effect on broiler performance. Although the lack of clove derivatives effect on birds growth response has been also reported (Najafi and Torki 2010). Increased useful bacteria in gut (Agostini et al. 2012), improved nutrients digestibility (Dalkiliç and Güler 2009) and no effect on blood lipid parameters (Azadegan Mehr et al. 2014b) have been illustrated in broilers receiving clove components. Avilamycin, is a growth promoting antibiotic, improves growth performance (Kim et al. 2011) and nutrients digestibility (Saleh 2014) in broiler chickens as well. In few available studies, using clove extract (Dalkiliç and Güler 2009) and essence (Azadegan Mehr 2014b) have been shown similar effect on broiler performance to avilamycin. Hence, the experiment was carried out to investigate the possibility of replacing clove essence to avilamycin and its effect on growth performance, ileal nutrients digestibility, intestinal morphometry and some blood parameters of broiler chickens.
To perform the in vivo work, a total of 320 mixed sex broiler chicks (Ross 308) were allocated to 4 dietary treatments with 4 replicates and 20 birds each by employing a completely randomized design. Four experimental treatments including avilamycin (control) and three levels of 150, 300 and 450 ppm clove essence were fed to broilers for a period of 42 days. The birds were reared under standard conditions on deep litter pens with free access to water and feed. The diets based on corn and soybean meal were formulated to meet or exceed the nutrient requirements recommended by the National Research Council (1994), for starter (0 to 21 days) and grower (22 to 42 days) phases (Table 1). Feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG) of birds were recorded at the end of each feeding phases, then feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. To determine the ileal nutrients digestibility, the birds were fed with diets contacting 0.3% chromic oxide for three days, then two birds (one male and one female) form each pen were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation on day 28 to collect the ileal contents. The contents were frozen (-20 °C), dried and along with feeds used for subsequent chemical analyses using the standards procedures (AOAC 2000). Chromic oxide content of feed and excreta samples was also measured by Fenton and Fenton (1979) method. Gizzard and cecal samples of the slaughtered birds were also collected to measure their pH values after preparing a suspension (1:10) with distilled water. To determine the morphometric parameters of the jejunal mucosa, a tissue sample (2 cm) of the proximal part was obtained and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. The samples were processed and embedded in paraffin and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. The morphometric parameters including villus height, villus width, crypt depth and thickness of muscle layer were made from 9 adjacent and vertically orientated villi and crypts (Iji et al. 2001). On day 35, two birds from each replicate were bled from their wing vein to measure the serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentrations using the commercial kits. LDL cholesterol level was calculated using the equation suggested by Friedewald et al. (1972). All data were subjected to statistical analyses using SAS (SAS Institute, 2002). The difference between means was compared by Duncan’s multiple range test.
Throughout the experimental period, daily FI and WG of broilers were decreased by all levels of clove essence, while the FCR was increased by 150 and 300 ppm (P In overall, even though the clove essence can reduce the concentration of serum cholesterol, it cannot be replaced for the growth promoter antibiotic, avilamycin, in broilers diet.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of physical form, barley variety and enzyme addition on Ileal digestibility, apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and energy efficiency of broiler chickens.The experiment was carried using a factorial experiment with a completely randomized desiegn. Factors were barley varity (Fajr, Reyhaneh, and Yosef), diet form (mash or pellet) and enzyme level (0 and 0/05 g/kg dry matter). Here 927 one day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were assigned to 12 treatments, 3 replicates and 27 chickens in each replicate. The results of experiment indicated that the digestibility of nutrients, AME, apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) and energy efficiencies (NE/AMEn) affected by barley variety (p 005), NE, AME and AMEn (p

To evaluate the effects of Primalac probiotic and Fermacto prebiotic, alone or combined, on growth performance, ileal nutrients digestibility, intestinal mucosal morphometry and some blood biochemical parameters, a trial was conducted using 256 broiler chicks (Ross 308) by employing a completely randomized design. Four treatments including Avilamycin antibiotic (control), Perimalac, Fermacto and Perimalac plus Fermacto with four replicates were added to the basal diets and fed to birds for a period of 42 days. Primalac and Fermacto decreased feed intake (P

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nano silver zeolite, zeolite and Favomycin on performance, ileal nutrients digestibility and relative weights of some internal organs of broiler chickens. A total of 288 broiler chicks (Ross 308) were divided into four treatment groups with four replicates and eighteen mixed-sex chicks in each by employing a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments were a control diet without any additives, control diet + 0.5% nanosilver zeolite, control diet+ 0.5% zeolite, and control diet+ 0.1% Flavomycin. Digesta samples and internal organs were collected on day 21 following the slaughtering. Results showed that the experimental treatments had no significant effect on feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio of birds during the experimental period (1-21 day) (P>0.05). Using nano silver zeolite in the diet improved ileal digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and energy (P<0.05). Inclusion of zeolite in the diet also increased digestibility of dry matter and crud fat (P<0.05). All additives resulted in decreased pH value of gizzard content of chickens and the most reduction was observed in chickens received zeolite in their diet (P<0.001). Flavomycin lowered pH value of cecal content (P<0.01). There were no significant differences among internal organs relative weights of birds fed different dietary treatments. In conclusion, despite decreasing digesta pH value by the treatments and improving nutrients digestibility by nano silver zeolite and zeolite, the additives did not showed any significant effect on broiler's growth performance.

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of microbial phytase (MP) supplementation and citric acid (CA) on some ileal nutrients digestibility، plasma minerals retention، growth performance، serum enzyme activity and some serum metabolites of broiler chicks. Two hundred and seventy male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement of 3×3، three levels of CA (0، 3 and 6%) and three levels of MP (0، 500 and 1000 phytase IU/kg). The present results indicated that supplementation of diets with MP caused significant increase (P<0. 05) in body weight gain، feed intake، ileal nutrients digestibility، plasma concentration of cholesterol، triglycerides and phosphorus and also Aspartate Aminotransferase activity; however، this factor caused significant decrease (P<0. 05) in Alkaline Phosphatase، Lactate Dehydrogenase and Alanine Aminotransferase enzyme activities and plasma Fe concentration. Also، our results showed that addition of 3% CA caused significant increase (P<0. 05) in ileal digestibility of crude protein، apparent metabolizable energy and total phosphorus. Using the highest level of dietary CA decreased (P<0. 01) the growth performance parameters، ileal digestibility of nutrients (except in the case of Ca)، plasma concentration of cholesterol، P and Fe and also alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity، however this level of CA increased (P<0. 05) lactate dehydrogenase activity. In conclusion، the present findings demonstrated that administration of diets with 3% CA and 1000 U/kg MP improved ileal nutrients digestibility، minerals retention and growth performance of broiler chickens.