جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « mitochondria » در نشریات گروه « علوم دام »

During sperm freezing, the production of reactive oxygen species and the reduction of antioxidant activity cause damage to sperm. Most of the stress is due to the high production of reactive oxygen species and the impermeability of antioxidants to mitochondria. In this study, the effects of four levels of a combination of 2, 4- dinitrophenol which is a targeted mitochondrial antioxidant and Luteolin antioxidants, which are among the strongest flavonoid compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, were evaluated in lecithin-based Lake Extender.

For this purpose, semen samples from 15 roosters were collected by dorso-abdominal massage method. Semen samples are mixed together after initial evaluation after diluting and adding different levels, treatment 1 (0.5 nanomolar 2, 4- dinitrophenol + 0.75 micromolar Luteolin), treatment 2 (0.5 nanomolar 2, 4- dinitrophenol + 1 micromolar Luteolin), treatment 3 (0.75 nanomolar 2, 4- dinitrophenol + 0.75 micromolar Luteolin) and treatment 4 (0.75 nanomolar 2, 4- dinitrophenol + 1 micromolar Luteolin), of antioxidants, samples were frozen by nitrogen vapor. After thawing, the samples were evaluated for sperm performance parameters.

The results of the present study showed that the addition of treatments 2 and 3 to the leak diluent during freezing and thawing of rooster sperm significantly increased the parameters of total motility and progressive movement and also treatment 3 significantly increased sperm velocity in a straight line and the criterion of direct sperm motility. Also, treatments 2 and 3 significantly increased survival compared to the control group and reduced the amount of semen malondialdehyde and sperm with abnormal morphology during freezing and thawing (p<0.05). Also, treatment 3 was able to increase membrane integrity. Plasma increase compared to the control group (p<0.05).

The results of the present study show that the combined use of these two antioxidants has increased the properties of both antioxidants and improved the quality and quantity of sperm.

In the process of sperm storage, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduction of antioxidant activity cause sperm damage. The most damage related to high ROS production and inadequate antioxidant penetration into mitochondria attacks this organelle. Purpose Combination of antioxidants was used to reduce oxidative damage. This study investigated the effect of different levels of combination of targeted antioxidant 2, 4-dinitrophenol and non-targeting luteolin on semen dilution on sperm parameters under in vitro storage at 4°C for 48 h. Semen samples were collected from 15 rooster at 28 weeks of age. After initial evaluations, semen samples were mixed with each other. After diluting the samples and adding different levels of antioxidants, treatment 1 (0.5 nM 4,2-di-nitrophenol + 1 μM luteolin), treatment 2 (0.5 nM 4,2-di-nitrophenol +3 μM luteolin), treatment 3 (0.75 nM) 4,2-Ditrophenol + 1 μM luteolin), 4 (0.75 nM 4,2-Dithinrophenol +3 μM luteolin) from combined antioxidant and storage of samples at 4°C for 48 h in refrigerator quantitative parameters were evaluated at 1, 24, 48 h after storage at 4°C. The parameters evaluated had a significant decrease over time. But the samples treated with the combination antioxidant significantly increased (P <0.05) in the measured parameters independent of the time and the interaction effect of the treatment on time. Also, addition of 3, 4, 5 and 6 treatments significantly decreased malondialdehyde concentration and treatment's 6 significantly decreased unhealthy spermatozoa (P <0.05).

Mitochondria as sperm energy supplier motors have unique properties including antioxidant non-permeability, so the ROS concentration in this organelle is 5 to 10 times more than that of the plasma membrane. Therefore, the researchers have designed an antioxidant which can cross the mitochondrial membrane and is able to inhibit ROS in this organelle to minimize the oxidative damage. Targeted antioxidant 4, 2-dinitrophenol has the ability to cross the mitochondrial membrane. The purpose of this study was to add different levels of targeted antioxidant to semen to purify mitochondria from reactive oxygen species to reduce oxidative damage and improve sperm motility and viability. In this study, 8 Ghezel rams (2 years old) were used for semen collection by artificial vagina in early spring. After initial evaluation, the samples with normal properties were pooled and after dilution process, 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 nM 4, 2-dinitrophenol were added to the samples and frozen after 2 hours of cooling. After one month, samples were thawed and evaluated for motility parameters, viability, membrane health, sperm abnormality and lipid peroxidation. Results showed that addition of 0.5 nM of the antioxidant significantly increased motility parameters and decreased abnormal sperm (P <0.05). Also suplimentation of 0.5, 0.75 nM 4, 2-dinitrophenol significantly increased viability and membrane integrity and reduced the amount of lipid peroxidation (P <0.05).

Cooling storage is a common method for reduction of sperm metabolism to save sperm quality during in vitro storage. Different studies have attempted to optimize quality of stored rooster semen for periods more than 24 h, but the obtained reproductive efficiency was not satisfactory. Deleterious effects of chilling storage on the rooster sperm may cause a reduction in reproductive performance. It seems that improvement and enrichment of cooling storage methods are required in order to recover the highest quality of sperm before using in assisted reproductive technique (ART). But this process affects sperm function and quality by producing reactive oxygen species and reducing antioxidant activity. The plasma membrane of sperm contains high unsaturated fatty acids that are prone to peroxidative damage and this can reduce membrane integrity, decrease kinetic and sperm fertility for artificial insemination (Ahmadi and Zamiri 2007)..The targeted antioxidant MitoQ exerts its antioxidant defense by increasing ATP production and reducing ROS production. Experiments have clearly shown that MitoQ accumulated in mitochondria can be restored after oxidation by the electron chain and protect the cell against oxidative stress (Skulachev et al 2009). This antioxidant protects mitochondria from oxidative damage by protecting the mitochondrial membrane potential (Murphy and Smith, 2000). Effect of pentoxifylline on sperm function can be summarized in several categories: inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity, increased conversion of ATP to cAMP, effect on intracellular calcium transport and elimination of free radicals, induced by spermatozoa, and decreased oxidative activity (Esteves et al 2007).

In this study, the effects of combined targeted and non-target antioxidant were used to reduce oxidative stress and improve rooster sperm quality.

This study was carried out in the poultry unit of Tabriz University research station. For this purpose, 15 adult Ross breeds aged 30 weeks were used. The roosters were housed in individual cages 70 × 70 × 85 cm under 15 h light and 9 h dark conditions with the same diet of 150 g (50.8% corn, 8.95% soybean, 20% wheat, Wheat bran 14%, dicalcium phosphate 0.74%, limestone 1.8%, salt 0.38%, lysine 0.08%, methionine 0.17% and vitamin and mineral supplements (0.5%) per day for each rooster and they had free access to water. Sperm collection was done by abdominal dorsal abdominal method. Sperm samples were transferred to the laboratory immediately after collection at 37 ° C. To eliminate individual differences and obtain sufficient sperm for analysis, in each replicate, the ejaculates of the 15 roosters were briefly inspected and ejaculates with ≥ 300 × 106 spermatozoa/mL, ≥ 90% normal morphology and ≥ 80% motility were then pooled. In this study, the combined antioxidant effects of targeted antioxidants of mitoQ and non-target pentoxifylline were evaluated in Lake Extender based on lecithin After diluting the samples and adding different levels of both antioxidants and cooling, the samples were stored in the refrigerator at 4 ° C for 48 hours and the samples were evaluated at 1, 24 and 48 hours. Motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity were evaluated at 1, 24 and 48 hours, and lipid peroxidation and percentage of sperms with normal morphology were evaluated at 48 hours.

Treatment 1 (0.1 nm mitoQ+ 0.5 µM Pentoxifylline) increased sperm viability in the control group one hour after cooling (p < 0.05). Treatment 1(0.1 nm mitoQ+ 0.5 µM Pentoxifylline), Treatment 4 (0.2 nm mitoQ+ 0.5 µM Pentoxifylline) and Treatment 5 (0.2 nm mitoQ+ 0.75 µM Pentoxifylline) increased the progressive motility compared to the control group at 24 h after cooling (p < 0.05). Treatments 4(0.2 nm mitoQ+ 0.5 µM Pentoxifylline) and 4 (0.2 nm mitoQ+ 0.5 µM Pentoxifylline) increased this parameter 48 h after cooling (p < 0.05). Treatment 4 (0.2 nm mitoQ+ 0.5 µM Pentoxifylline) and Treatment 5 (0.2 nm mitoQ+ 0.75 µM Pentoxifylline) significantly reduced malondialdehyde concentration at 48 h after cooling. Treatment 5 (0.2 nm mitoQ+ 0.75 µM Pentoxifylline) significantly increased viability and sperm with intact membrane integrity compared to control group (p < 0.05). All treatments except for treatment 2(0.1 nm mitoQ+ 0.75 µM Pentoxifylline) showed less unhealthy sperm compared to the control group (p < 0.05).To improve artificial insemination in the poultry industry, improving short-term sperm storage methods is critical for maintaining fertility for 6 to 24 hours under field conditions (Zhandi and sharafi 2016). One of the reasons for reduced fertility of frozen sperm in addition to cold shock is the occurrence of oxidative stress (Łukaszewicz et al 2008). The plasma membrane of sperm contains high unsaturated fatty acids that are prone to peroxidative damage and this can reduce membrane integrity, decrease kinetic and sperm fertility for artificial insemination (Fang et al. 2014). Despite many advances in the field of sperm cryopreservation, this process has the potential to affect yield and function due to the introduction of mechanical and chemical damages (Wang et al., 1991), production of reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, and reduced antioxidant activity (Ahmadi and Zamiri 2007). The freezing process causes significant damage to the sperm, causing the release of several compounds, including cAMP, causing the sperm to lose motility and thereby reduce their fertility (Chaudhry et al., 1975). Due to the positive effect of targeted and non-targeted antioxidants on improving sperm motility parameters, this study was the first to use a combination of these antioxidants in freezing semen.

The results of this study showed that the addition of treatment 5(0.2 nm mitoQ+ 0.75 µM Pentoxifylline) to the semen sample had the best performance during 48 h of cooling. 

Regarding the role of mitochondria in the quality of sperm motility and fertility, protection of mitochondrial function against ROS-induced damage can be an important step in improving roster sperm fertility. The mitochondria are the most important source of ROS and the unique properties of mitochondria prevent antioxidants from entering, which results in poor antioxidant performance in protecting ROS-induced damage. Therefore, the use of antioxidants that can pass through the mitochondrial membrane and inhibit ROS in this region can be a good way to reduce the damage caused by ROS and improve the sperm quality and fertility. The aim of the present study was to use mitochondrial mild uncoupling combinations to reduce the risk of ROS-induced injuries and increase the survival of sperm after freeze-thawing. For this purpose, 14 Ross breed rooster with 28 weeks of age were used. The semen was taken by massaging the abdomen-back procedure. After initial evaluation, semen samples were pooled After dilution of semen samples and addition of 2-4-dinitrophenol (DNP) at five levels (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 nM), they were cooled and then frozen. After two months, semen samples were thawed and evaluated for the percentage of dead and live sperm, sperm motility parameters, membrane integrity, lipid peroxidation and sperm morphology. The results of this study showed that addition of DNP at 0.75 nM resulted in improvement in total and progressive motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity and sperm normality compared to the control group, and significantly decreased MDA concentration compared to control group (p <0.05).

One of the main reasons for the reduced viability of cryopreserved sperm is the production of active oxygen species (ROS). Since the selection of antioxidants to inhibit ROS production due to their inability to penetrate the original site of ROS production (mitochondria) has not been effective in sperm cryopreservation programs, therefore, for this purpose, we investigated a new method for inhibiting Ros production in the cryopreservation of roster sperm. In this study, 14 mature roosters (Ross commercial strain) with 28 weeks of age were used. First semen samples were evaluated for having the necessary standards. Then, they were pooled, diluted and supplemented with five levels of MitoQ (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 nm) before cryopreservation. After freeze-thawing, the parameters of viability, sperm motility parameters, plasma membrane integrity, lipid peroxidation and sperm morphology were evaluated. Data analysis was done by GLM procedure using SAS software (9.3) in a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replications. Tukey test was used to compare the mean of treatments. The results of this study showed that the addition of MitoQ to the rooster semen cryopreservation medium significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and increased survival, plasma membrane integrity and sperm morphology. The results showed that, the addition of MitoQ at 0.1 nm improved total and progressive motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity of sperms compared to the control group, and also significantly decreased MDA concentration compared to the control group (p <0.05) .

Heat stress has adverse effects on livestock production, hence reducing benefits of them. With the viewpoint of reducing heat production within cells,an experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different sources of fat on mitochondrial energetics of broilers in chronic heat-stress condition. The consumed fat included: a)tallow; as a source of long-chain fatty acids, b)coconut oil; as a source of short and medium-length-chain fatty acids, c)olive oil; as a source of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)and d. soy oil; as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Broilers were under chronic heat stress (36 oc) from 32 to 42 d of the experiment. Broilers fed with tallow or coconut oil showed higher mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity, membrane potential and ROS production (p˂0.01) and lower glutathione concentration (p˂0.01) than those fed with olive oil or soy oil. The results seggest that in heat stress conditions using saturated fat sources especially those with long-chain fatty acids could help in reducing heat production inbroilers.

The purpose of this study was to genetic and phylogenetic analysis of D-Loop region in Khorasan Razavi native turkey. The blood samples were collected from 20 birds. After DNA extraction, 850 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b was amplified with specific primers. The amplified fragments were sequenced. 10 different heliotypes based on five nucleotide sequences were determined. The final sequence of each haplotype with an approximate length of 723 bp was containing 23.10 % of adenine, 16.04% guanine, 30.71% cytosine and 30.15 % of the thymine. phylogenetic results by UPGM showed that Khorasan Razavi native turkey had a closer relationship with native America, Italy and South Africa turkeys compare other than which may be due to the very close genetic affinity turkey breeds Khorasan Razavi with this turkeys.

Iranian native species are considered as part of the national asset therefore their preservation is important. Due to severe decrease in their population size in some parts of Iran, more attention to these species from conservation genetics perspective is required. The goal of this study was to analyse the DNA sequence of the D-loop region of mitochondria in Iranian camels and draw the phylogenetic tree. For this study 10 blood samples from Dromedary and 15 blood samples from Bacterian camels were collected. After DNA extraction, D-loop region was amplified with specific primers using PCR, and then the fragments were sequenced. In studied populations,3 and 6 haplotypes were observed in single-humped and double-humped Iranian camels, respectively. The Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic test results showed that Iranian camels have the lowest genetic distance with Arabian camels, it can be concluded that Iranian camels has genetic similarities with Arabian camels.