جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « wheat bran » در نشریات گروه « علوم دام »

Using agro-Industrial by-products in animal nutrition is an efficient way to improve low quality materials to high quality feeds. Agro-industrial by-products are wasted often and their disposal may cause environmental problems, as they are perishable and potential pollutants. Tomato pomace (TP) is the main waste of tomato factories. In Iran, about 6.9 million tons of tomatoes are produced annually, from that about 575,000 tons of TP is produced. TP, as a by-product, is a good source of vitamin B1, B2 and a reasonable source of vitamin A. Additionally, TP contains important compounds such as carotenoids such as lycopene, which their presence in animal products can be important for consumer health. TP can be used as promising protein and fiber sources in ruminant nutrition. The chemical composition of TP in different parts of the country has already been reported. There are some discrepancies among the results in term of chemical composition. Different results obtained by various studies could be due to the different analytical methods used as well as differences in processing conditions. A few experiments have examined the potential use of TP in ruminant diets. For example, TP has been used in dairy cows without any negative effect on milk production. There are also reports of a positive effect of using TP in fattening lambs. However, information about the effect of TP on ruminal fermentation and digestibility parameters is lacking. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and nutritional value of dried TP and its replacement with wheat bran (WB) in vitro.

Initially the TP was prepared from Rojin Tak factory in Kermanshah. After that, TP samples have dried in the shade, and transported to the laboratory. Chemical composition and gas production parameters of TP and WB were measured using conventional methods. Dry matter (DM), ash, Ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and crude protein (CP) of the samples were determined. In the first gas production experiment, ruminal fluid was obtained from two male Lori sheep (live weight 47 ± 0.2 kg) fitted with permanent rumen cannula. Samples (250 mg on a DM basis and particle size 1 mm) were accurately weighed into 100 ml serum bottles. Each bottle was filled with 5 mL strained rumen fluid and 20 mL buffer solution, closed with a butyl rubber stopper, sealed with aluminum crimp, shaken and placed in a water-bath at 39°C. Gas production (ml/250 mg sample) after 24 h (GP24), 48 h (GP48), 72 h (GP72) and 96 h (GP96) incubation were determined. two parameters of b (GP from the fermentable fraction (ml)) and c ( rate constant of GP (ml/h)) were calculated based on gas production at 16 h The gas volume produced was recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h using a digital pressure transducer. Fermentation parameters were determined after 24 h of incubation. Bottles were placed in an ice bath to stop fermentation and gradually warmed up to 25°C. The gas production volume was recorded and pH determined. From each bottle, a sub sample of supernatant (5 mL) was immediately preserved with 5 mL of HCl 0.1 N and stored at -20°C for ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) analysis. Fermentation residues were oven dried at 60°C for 48 h to estimate the DM disappearance. Furthermore, the in vitro dry matter (IVDMD) and organic matter disappearance (IVOMD), short chain fatty acid (SCFA; mmol/g DM), microbial protein (MP; mg/g DM) and estimated metabolisable energy (ME; Mcal/kg DM) of TP were measured and compared to those of wheat barn (WB). In the second gas production experiment, the effects of 0 (control), 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% (dry matter basic) levels of TP substituted with WB on fattening lambs diet were investigated (on based nutrient requirements). In this section, fermentation parameters were determined only at 16 h after incubation.

The results showed that organic matter, ash, CP, NDF and ADF of TP were 940, 59, 172, 630 and 420 g/kg DM, respectively. In the present experiment, TP had more CP, EE, NDF and ADF than WB (P<0.05). TP showed lower gas production potential and gas production rate than WB (P<0.05). TP showed lower GP24, GP48, GP72 and GP96 than WB (P<0.05). The inclusion of TP in diets linearly increased partitioning factor and MP (P<0.05), but it linearly decreased IVDMD, IVOMD, SCFA and ME (P<0.05). The partitioning factor and microbial protein production of TP was higher than WB (P<0.05). It seems that low gas production for TP compared to WB was resulted due to high content of insoluble fiber in the TP, which requires more time for attachment and fermentation of microorganisms. Complete replacement of TP with WB increased partitioning factor and microbial protein production (P<0.05), with no negative effect on gas production, metabolizable energy and fermentation parameters (P>0.05). Increased microbial protein production with TP incubation is presumably related to the presence of phenolic compounds in TP. It has been shown that in low-concentration, tannins may improve microbial protein production by modulating rumen fermentation conditions. The experimental results showed that by adding TP, digestibility of dry matter and organic matter decreased. This reduction seems to be related to the higher cell wall part of the TP as compared to WB. It appears that carbohydrates in TP are digested slower than those in WB. This could be overcome by some chemical treatments. Another reason for the reduced digestibility of TP diets is probably due to higher fat content of TP.

In overall, using TP in the diets of fattening lambs had no negative effect on rumen fermentation parameters; therefore, based on chemical composition and lower price of TP compared to WB, using TP up to 10% of diets might be economically useful in lamb fattening.

In order to accurate feed formulation and improve production performance, it is necessary to determine the nutritive value of common feedstuffs used in animal nutrition. The main reason for use of data that reported by NRC (1994, 2001) is formulation of balanced ration. But data reported by NRC can over or underestimate the nutritive value of feedstuffs due to diversity in growth stage, type and variety, climate and weather condition, physical and chemical properties of soil and presences of anti-nutritional factors. So determining chemical compositions, mineral contents and gross energy content of common feedstuffs is useful to farmers to improve growth performance of animals. The aim of this study was to determine chemical compositions, mineral contents and gross energy content of common animal feed sources from East Azerbaijan province including barley grain (n=26), wheat grain (n=27) and wheat bran (n=15) with standard analytical methods.

Barley grain, wheat grain and wheat bran are most common feedstuffs that used in animal and poultry nutrition. The feedstuff samples were collected with random stratified sampling method. Thus all studied cities of east Azerbaijan province classified in 30 zones and then the villages randomly selected. In order to proximate analyses of samples, feedstuffs were homogenized in the view of size and moisture by laboratory grinding. Dry matter, crude ash, ether extract and crude fiber content of samples were determined by AOAC method (1995) and crude protein was determined by micro kjeldahl. Cell wall or Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of samples were determined by fibretec. Descriptive statistics parameters were calculated by Mean procedure of SAS software and means comparison were done by SAS software (2000). The paired and non-paired t test were used to compare means of recent research and the data of Guilan, Kordestan and Kermansh provinces and NRC data.

The results showed that mean dry matter (DM) content of barley grain, wheat grain and wheat bran were 925.5± 2.88, 909.32± 6.56 and 915.0 ± 9.31 g/kg, and mean crude protein (CP) concentrations were 137.3± 14.52, 129.6± 10.67 and 178.9 ± 11.86 g/kg of dry matter, respectively, that differed significantly with the NRC (1994) data (P<0.01). The range of crude protein of wheat grain was 114.9 to 158.5 g/kg and the range of crude ash 14.2 to 29.8. The nitrogen free extract (NFE) and non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) content of wheat grain were determined 806.1 and 667.4 g/kg. The differences of NFE and NFC was 138.7 g/kg that relate to Structural carbohydrate in NFE section. Ether extract (EE) content of wheat bran was 43.7 ± 3.48 g/kg that showed no significant difference with NRC (1994) data, but EE content of barley and wheat grain were 20.3± 1.08 and 21.1 ± 0.48 g/kg, respectively and showed a significant difference with NRC (1994) data (P<0.01). Crude protein and crude ash content of east Azerbaijan barley grain was 34 g/kg higher than Kermanshah barley grain and 7.8 g/kg lower than Kermanshah barley grain, respectively. The mean value of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, ADF and NDF of east Azerbaijan barley grain had significant difference with NRC data (P<0.01). Because of the higher kernel to hull ratio in east Azerbaijan barley grain, crude protein content of barley grain was 13.3 g/kg higher than NRC data. Calcium content of barley grain, wheat grain and wheat bran were 1.4 ± 0.3, 3.3± 0.67 and 1.46 ± 0.35 g/kg of dry matter and differences were significant except in wheat bran (P<0.01). Differences in mineral contents of feedstuffs used in this research can be due to differences in genotype, chemical and physical properties of soil, climate and weather condition and stage of growth. The hemicellulose content of barley grain in comparison of wheat grain is 58.3 g/kg higher, but the ratio of hemicellulose to ADF in barley grain is lower than wheat grain that the main reason is higher level of cellulose and lignin in barley grain in comparison of wheat grain (Azizzi 1996, Fazaeli 1992 and McDowell 1992).

Due to significant differences in chemical compositions and mineral contents of feedstuffs in East Azerbaijan province with the NRC (1994) data, it is suggested that for balanced diet formulation, local data of nutrient composition of feed sources were used.

Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a weed forage that can grow in most parts of Iran; however, the nutritional value of this plant has been less considered. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the chemical composition and in vitro fermentation parameters of fresh and ensiled portulaca oleracea with or without wheat bran. Purslane was harvested during the flowering stage and ensiled in polyethylene containers for 60 days. Experimental treatments included: 1) fresh purslane, 2) purslane silage without additive, 3) purslane silage+16% wheat bran (fresh weight), and 4) purslane silage+32% wheat bran (fresh weight). The crude protein of the four treatments ranged from 19.27% to 26.86%. The highest concentration of ammonia nitrogen (10.85% of total nitrogen) and pH (4.72) of silage extract were observed in silage without additive, but the concentrations of lactic acid and total volatile fatty acids were highest in the silages containing wheat bran (P<0.05). After ensiling, the true digestibility of organic matter (71.03%) and dry matter (70.05%), as well as potential gas production (28.90 mL), showed a significant decrease compared to fresh purslane (P<0.05). In general, purslane had a favorite protein content and digestibility in animal feeding. Although the nutritional value of fresh purslane was higher in comparison with silage, ensiling can reduce the problems of drying. Purslane silage without additive had low dry matter content and contained mildew, but the quality of purslane was improved when wheat bran was added to the silage.

Introduction:

 Barley is one of the cereal grains that used to supply energy in broiler diets, but high content of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) such as β-glucans, has limited the application of it in poultry diets. It has been shown that NSP can increase intestinal viscosity, reduce litter quality, compromising the access of digestive enzymes to dietary components by protecting lipids, starch, and protein, and cause poor productive performance. Recent studies have shown the inclusion of moderate amounts of insoluble fiber or coarse particles in the diet increases the retention time of the digesta in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) (i.e., from crop to gizzard), improves the development and function of the gizzard, and increase the secretion of HCl in the proventriculus in broilers. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of supplementing insoluble fiber sources in different particle sizes on energy and protein efficiency ratios, intestinal morphology and welfare indicesin broiler chickens fed barley based-diets.

Materials and Methods:

 Ross 308 (n=308) were used in a completely randomized design with 7 treatments, 4 replicates and 11 chickens per replicate for 42 days. The dietary treatments included: a barley based- diet (control, CTL) or Sunflower hulls (SFH), Sugarcane bagasse (SB), and Wheat bran (WB) ground through a 1.0 (fine) or 3.0 mm (coarse) screen that were added to the control diet at 3.0%. The CTL diet included 3.0% fine silica sand as filler that was replaced by the same amount of insoluble fiber sources in the corresponding diets. The dry sieving method was used to determine the particle size distribution of diets. Body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) of each pen were recorded. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) adjusted for mortality and it was calculated by dividing FI with BWG for each period of the experiment (1-21 d and 22-42 d) in total period (1-42 d). The welfare indices were examined at 42 days of age. Litter moisture was measured on days 35 and 42 of the rearing period. For the purpose of small intestinal morphological studies, the digestive tract of slaughtered birds (two birds of each replicate) was removed at 42 days of age and from two small intestine sections including duodenum and Jejunum, two centimeter-long Isolated.

Results and Discussion:

 The results showed that different sources of insoluble fiber showed significant effect (p < 0.05) on energy and protein efficiency ratios during growth period (22-42 days of age) and whole experimental period (1-42 days of age). During the entire experimental period (1-42 d), dietary inclusion of SFH (coarse and fine) and WB (fine particle size) improved BWG as compared to the CTL diet (P < 0.05). Dietary inclusion of WB and SFH in both particle sizes (coarse and fine) and SB (coarse particle size) improved FCR as compared to the CTL diet from 1-42 d (P < 0.05). The villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio in duodenum of treatments fed insoluble fiber with the exception of sugarcane bagasse with particle size of 1 mm showed significant increase (p < 0.05) in comparison to control diet. The number of goblet cells in jejunum of treatments fed insoluble fiber significantly decreased (p < 0.05) when compared to control group. The relative frequency of score two welfare indices was higher in control treatment. Reports have indicated that soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSp < /strong>) affect digestive organs and intestinal morphology of broilers. Coarse fiber and large particles may increase villi length in gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, increased villi length resulted in increased surface area for more absorption of nutrients. Currently, the control of litter moisture is a priority in the broiler industry to reduce productivity losses and minimize bird welfare issues due to footpad dermatitis (FPD), hock burn (HB), and ammonia production. Wet litter was found to increase FDP, HB, and breast irritations and reduce broiler performance. The inclusion of 3% fiber in the diet resulted in lower litter moisture content.

Conclusion:

 Overall, the results showed that dietary inclusion of three percent of different insoluble fiber sources improved energy and protein efficiency ratios, intestinal morphology, litter moisture and welfare parameters of broilers fed barley-based diet.

In order to determine the effect of non-starch polysaccarides on performance, energy and protein efficiencies and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks, an experiment was conducted in three periods of starter, grower and finisher period, using 420 one-day old Ross 308 broiler chicks from both sexes in a completely randomized design with seven treatments, six replicates and 10 chicks per replicate. The experimental treatments were basal diet, diets containing 0.10 and 0.20 percent of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, diets containing 5 and 10 percent of wheat bran, diets containing three and six percent of soybean hull. The results of the experiment showed that the control treatment had the lowest feed intake during the whole period of breeding (P<0.05). The highest feed intake was related to 10 percent wheat bran and levels of 3 and 6 percent soybean hull (P<0.05). Treatments containing 3 percent soybean hull showed the highest daily weight gain (P<0.05) during the whole experiment. There is no statistical difference for the feed conversion ratio during the whole trial period. The highest relative energy efficiency related to yeast levels were compared to treatments containing wheat bran and soybean hull (P<0.05). The lowest relative energy and protein efficiency was related to 10 percent wheat bran compared to control treatment (P <0.05). The results of the experiment showed that the use of two tenths of yeast, 10 percent wheat bran and six percent soybean hull in the diet of broiler chickens is recommended.

The purpose of this study was to develop multiple linear regression (MLR) model to predict the nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy (TMEn) value of wheat bran. The amount of crude fat, ash, crude protein, crude fiber (all used as % of DM) and TMEn (Kcal/kg DM) were measured in 25 wheat bran samples with 4 replicates. The force-fed method has been used to estimate TMEn and excreta were collected for 48 h. There were significant (P < 0.001) differences in chemical composition and TMEn of wheat bran samples. The average crude fat, ash, crude protein, crude fiber and TMEn content of samples was determined to be 4.80, 5.68, 16.23, 8.60 (all used as % of DM) and 2062 (Kcal/kg DM), respectively. The calculated MLR model to predict the TMEn value (Kcal/kg) based on chemical composition (% of DM) was obtained as follows: TMEn = 2364 + (19×crude protein) + (46.1×crude fat) – (63×crude fiber) – (51.1×ash). The R2 value revealed that developed model could accurately predict the TMEn of wheat bran samples (R2=0.82). Crude fat and crude protein had a positive effect on TMEn, while ash and crude fiber had a negative impact on TMEn. The sensitivity analysis on the model indicated that dietary crude fiber (%) is the most important variable in the TMEn, followed by dietary ash, crude fat and crude protein. The results suggest that the MLR model may be used to accurately estimate the TMEn value of wheat bran from its corresponding chemical composition.

In this research, the effects of complete replacement of barley grain with wheat bran in livestock were investigated. This experiment was carried out using 12 Saanen dairy goats in a completely randomized design for 21 days, in which goats were divided into three quadruple groups. The treatments consisted of: 1- treatment containing 25% barley and 10% wheat bran (control), 2- treatment without barley and 37.25% wheat bran and 3- treatment without barley and 34.5% wheat bran plus 2% of Fat powder were. In the final week of the experiment, the dietary residue was collected and weighed daily to determine the daily intake of food, and the difference in feed in the feeder and feed residue showed that feed intake of 3 treatments did not differ significantly. (p>0.05). Subsequently, after measuring the digestibility of the feed by acid insoluble ash, it was found that digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ADF and organic matter was more than other treatments in the control treatment and this difference was significant (p<0.05) but NDF digestibility was not significant among treatments (p>0.05). Ruminal fluid was obtained from each livestock three hours after feeding by the Stomach tube. After pH measurement by pH meter, this parameter was higher in treatments 2 and 3 than the control treatment that their difference was also significant (p<0.05). The daily milk yield of goats was measured and it was observed that the milk yield of the control treatment was higher than the rest of the treatments and the differences between them were significant (p<0.05). Milk samples were analyzed by Milko-Scan machine of Bashir factory in Mashhad and it was found that only percentage of milk fat was significantly different between treatments (p> 0.05) and treatment 3 had the highest percentage of milk fat (p<0.05). The yield of milk production among treatments was significant, with the highest efficiency related to treatment 3 (p<0.05). Also, the energy in milk of three treatments based on milk fat was estimated and it was found that milk energy of treatments 1 and 2 were not significantly different (p<0.05) but milk energy of treatment 3 was higher than the other two treatments and this difference was significant (p<0.05). Finally, the difference in body weight of goats in each of the three treatments was calculated at the beginning and the end of the experiment, and it was determined that at the end of the experiment, the differences in body weight of the animals were not significantly different (p>0.05). In general, it can be concluded that complete removal of barley from ration of goats is not logical, and if it is decided to do so on the basis of competitive and economic conditions, it is better to add about 2% of the fat content to the rations of the livestock. Of course, due to the high cost of this supplement compared to barley, the cost of livestock feed has increased, which increases the price of milk produced and its compounds.

Wheat bran is a by-product of conventional milling and is commercially available in large quantities. Milling of one million tons of wheat, can yield 0.25 million tons of wheat bran (Javed et al. 2012). Beside its high content of dietary fibre it contains proteins, minerals as well as vitamins (Pomeranz 1988). Wheat bran has a different nutritional value, which is due to climatic conditions, wheat type, wheat variety, storage and etc. Also wheat bran is a feed with high digestibility fiber and palatability with a wide range of applications. Due to its relatively low price, More than 95% of it is used as animal feed. Wheat bran, which consists almost entirely of the coarse outer coating of the wheat kernel, is one of the important livestock feeds.On the other side, goat milk production is a growing industry that is very important to the wellbeing of people worldwide and is an important part of the economy in many countries. The aim of the investigations is to provide an integrated analysis of the major aspects in this field to highlight unexploited nutritional potential of goat milk and the need for improvements, particularly in food safety. Goat milk like cow milk delivers many nutrients with relatively low energy content, and is relevant to the health of consumers (Silanikove et al. 2010). In order to reduce costs in the animal husbandry (especially in the case of dairy goat), it was decided to replace the wheat bran instead of barley in the concentration of Saanen goats. Therefore this experiment follows two goals and was carried out in two stages. In the first step, the nutritive value and chemical composition of different wheat brans produced in flour factories of Khorasan Razavi province were compared in summer and winter using common laboratory methods. In the second step, the effect of replacing various levels of barley with wheat bran in mixed concentrate of Saanen goats was studied.
Material and The chemical composition, gas production parameters and factors estimated from gas production of different wheat brans obtained from 8 flour factories were determined using a completely randomized design with 8×2 factorial arrangement. Changes in body weight, milk production and milk composition of Saanen goats and the effect of substituting different levels of barley with summer wheat bran in the concentrates of under study was investigated using a completely randomized design.
There were a significant differences between all chemical compositions of different wheat brans (with the exception of crude fat) in various factories (P0.05), although the DM, NDF, ADF and CP (%) in the samples was significantly higher in summer than winter (P Wheat bran samples produced by different flour factories in two seasons of the year yielded various nutritive values. Bartnick and Jacobzick (1989) also stated that the difference in the value of wheat bran produced in flour mills could be due to the difference in the stages of crushing wheat in different factories. It was also identified that the replacement of barley with wheat bran in the diet, did not have any effect on body weight, milk production and milk composition. Different researchers believe that in the case of medium-quality diets, goat is the most highly digestible among other ruminant species (Devendra 1978; Illius and Gordon 1991).Whether the barley grain in concentrate can be replaced by wheat bran up to a level of 50 percent in the ration concentrate of Saanen goats needs to be further studied in the future. Similarly, the reasons underlying the difference between bran compositions produced in different factories in different seasons or regions of varying climates need to be further explored.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of wheat and wheat bran diets with and without enzymes on growth performance and digestive characteristics of broilers. A total number of 625 one day old Ross-308 broiler chickens were allocated randomly to 5 treatments with 5 replicates, using a CRD statistical design. Treatments were control, wheat, wheat enzyme and wheat bran and wheat bran enzyme. Traits were growth performance, carcass characteristics, ileal microbial counting and measurement of gut acidity and viscosity. According to the results, effect of different treatments on all experimental traits at starter and finisher periods were significant (P

In a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement (2×4), 192 White-Hyline laying hens at the age of 38 weeks were used. Treatments were four basal diets including 0, 10, 15 and 20 percent of wheat bran each with (0.05 percent) or without multi-purpose enzyme that were tested for a period of 84 days experiment. The enzyme consisted of Rovabioexel containing xylanase 2200 unit/g, beta gluconase 200 unit/g, cellulase 100 unit/g and pectinase 100 unit/g. The results indicated that diets contained 10 and 20 percent wheat bran had the highest and lowest egg production percentage (P<0.05) respectively. Increasing the level of wheat bran up to 20 percent led to a decrease in daily feed consumption (P<0.05). Egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion ratio were not significantly affected by the levels of wheat bran and enzyme. Furthermore, egg quality traits such as egg shape index, albumen quality (Hugh unit), yolk color index, percentages of yolk and albumen, as well as egg shell thickness were not significantly affected by the levels of wheat bran and enzyme. Based upon the results of this experiment, 10 percent of wheat bran is an appropriate level which could be used in the diet of laying hens.

This experiment was undertaken to evaluate the effects of wheat bran, enzyme and probiotic on performance, egg traits, biochemical parameters and blood cells of commercial laying hens. A total of 384 Hi-line (W36) laying hens was used in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement (2*2*2) with two levels of wheat bran (0 and 10%), two levels of combo multi-enzyme (0 and 0.05%) and two levels of probiotic protexin (0 and 0.005%).There were eight treatments, four replicates and 12 birds per replicate for a period of 12 weeks (65-76 weeks). Using 10% wheat bran in diets improved the egg weight, egg production percentage, egg mass, feed conversion ratio and egg yolk color index (P<0.05).This treatment had no any significant effects on the amounts of feed intake, blood biochemical parameters and blood cells. Using enzyme decreased the amount of egg weight but with no significant effects on egg traits and blood metabolites. Using probiotic in the diet improved the performance and egg color index, but it had no significant effects on blood metabolites. Two way interactions between wheat bran and enzyme, between wheat bran and probiotic, between enzyme and probiotic, and three way interaction between wheat bran and enzyme and probiotic had significant effects on performance and egg traits but blood metabolites was not significantly changed. It could be generally concluded that, using 10% wheat bran with 0.05% of Combo multi-enzyme and 0.005% of probiotic (protexin) could improve the performance and egg traits without having effects on blood metabolites.

This experiment was conducted todetermine chemical composition and degradability parameters of different wheat bran in feed-producing factories in Birjand (Southern Khorasan province) and Iranshahr (Sistan and Baluchistan province). Samples were monthlytaken from four factories.Total duration of sampling was six months. Samples of wheat bran were separated based on particle size and theirs chemical composition were measured. The measured parameters were: crude protein,neutral detergent fiber and weightpercentage. Degradability parameters of wheat bran samples were determined bygas production. The results showed concentration of CP, NDF and weight percentage were not different between different factories, exact amount of NDF in two factories on different months. The highest amount of NDF was for particle size greater than 1.18 mm and the lowest amount of NDF was for particle size lower than 6.25 mm. The highest of weight percentage was for particle size within the range of 0.5 – 1.8 mm. Produced gas (in 24 h) was significant between treatments. The highest amount of gas after 24h incubation was for particle size lower than 0.2 mm and the lowest was for particle size greater than 1.18 mm. Gas produced from insoluble fraction was significantly higher for the particle size lower than 0.25 mm in all factories decreasing of particle size, b coefficientincreased in all factories.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of wheat bran with or without enzyme on growth performance and carcass traits of broiler chickens. Total 320 commercial male broiler chicks (Ross 308) with equal weight were divided between 8 treatments with 4 replicates and 10 birds for each. Treatment consists of four levels of wheat bran (0، 10، 15 and 20 percent) and two levels of commercial multi enzyme (0 and 0. 05 percent) respectively. On day 42، 8 birds from each treatment were slaughtered and various organs weighed separately. Data were analyzed as a factorial experiment (4×2) based on completely randomized design. The results showed including wheat bran in the diets had significant effect on performance traits. Feed intake was significant between treatments and the diets with enzyme had a higher feed intake. The weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers was affected (P<0. 05) by the levels of wheat bran. Adding enzyme to diets improved weight gain and FCR significantly (P<0. 05). Highest weight gain and lower FCR observed in diets with enzyme. The effect of wheat bran on carcass components showed that use of wheat bran increased the gizzard and abdominal fat weights (P<0. 05). Adding the enzyme was also significantly reduced the weight of the proventriculus (P<0. 05). The results of this experiment showed that we can use wheat bran as part of protein source in the diet of broiler.