جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کشاورزی پایدار » در نشریات گروه « علوم ترویج »

Considering the importance of the food security issue and the irreparable damage caused by the excessive use of agricultural chemical inputs on the environment, a comparative analysis of the existing and desirable situation is felt. This research has been non-experimental in terms of how to control the variables, and practical in terms of its purpose. The current research is a type of survey and cross-sectional research. In this research, sequential and exploratory mixed paradigm and data base theory have been used. Wilcoxon test was used in order to compare the current and desired status of indicators and sub-indicators of organic farmer development. Qualitative and quantitative methods have been used in combination and in sequence. The sample of this research in the qualitative phase included 32 expert experts of Lorestan province who had the necessary knowledge in the field of growing organic crops in the research area and had agricultural expertise and at least a bachelor's degree. In the quantitative part of the research, the sample number of 384 farmers was determined using the Karjesi and Morgan table. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, this research started from Mehr 2019 and ended by Mehr 1401. The results of the comparison of all indicators and sub-indicators of organic agriculture development, i.e. ecological, health, fairness, care, social-cultural and production-economic and sub-indicators through the Wilcoxon test, it was determined that, with a probability of 99%, between the current and optimal conditions of all indicators and sub-indices, there is a significant difference.
 

This research was conducted with the general purpose of factors affecting the use of organic fertilizers by rice farmers during rice cultivation. The statistical population of this research consists of 4700 rice workers of Dezful County, and the sample size was estimated based on the Kerjsi and Morgan table, using the cluster sampling method of 360 samples. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The formal and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts' opinion and its reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The research data were analyzed with the help of SPSS26 and Smart Pls software. The results of the research showed that the variables of self-efficacy, attribution of responsibility, awareness of the need, effectiveness of the response and awareness of the consequences have a positive and significant effect on the moral norm of rice farmers towards the use of organic fertilizers in rice cultivation, these variables are able to be 64.3% Explain the variance of the moral norm variable. In addition, the results showed that moral norms have a significant effect on the behavior of rice farmers towards the use of fertilizers directly and indirectly through the variables of pride and guilt. Finally, it can be said that the norm activation model is an efficient model in this field because it was able to explain 57.8% of the behavior of rice farmers.

The main purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of personal and social norms on the use of pro-environmental behaviors. The statistical population of the research included all the farmers of Bavi County (Khuzestan province). A sample size of 390 farmers was selected for the study using a stratified sampling method with proportional assignment. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The validity of the research tool was determined based on the opinion of the faculty members of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan and its reliability was determined through Cronbach's alpha. Furthermore, the Average Variance Extracted Index (AVE) was used to determine construct validity and the Composite Reliability Index (CR) was used to determine model reliability. The results of prioritizing pro-environmental behaviors among farmers showed that the two behaviors "using plow at least in order to reduce soil erosion" and "not keeping plant residues on the field and burning them" are the most and least used behaviors by farmers. In addition, the results of structural equation modeling showed that prescriptive, personal, and descriptive norms have significant effects on the willingness and behavior of farmers to use pro-environmental behaviors, which ultimately accounted for 63.1% of the variance of the dependent variables of the research (pro-environmental behavior). The findings of this research, while adding new insights to the existing knowledge in the field of research, can be useful in planning and policy-making to reduce environmental problems caused by the agricultural sector.

Due to the adverse effects of conventional agriculture on human health and the environment, there has been a lot of emphasis at the global and national level to move towards sustainable agriculture. Knowing the attitudinal and behavioral status of farmers, as agents of this policy, is very important. In this descriptive-correlational research, the attitudes and behavior of farmers regarding sustainable agriculture were studied with an emphasis on plant conservation. Using multi-stage random sampling method and Cochran's formula, 300 farmers of Arak city were selected and studied. The validity of the research tool was confirmed by using the opinions of experts, and its reliability was also obtained by conducting a preliminary study and calculating Cronbach's alpha greater than 0.86 for composite indicators. The results showed that 86% of farmers had a neutral attitude and only 14% had a favorable attitude regarding sustainable agriculture. The correlation coefficient showed that farmers' behavior has a positive and significant relationship with the variables of attitude towards sustainability, level of education, area of rainfed agricultural land, area of integrated agricultural land, level of interest in integration, contact with agricultural experts, contact with agricultural machinery sales centers, visit to Extension farms, use of radio, neighboring farmers in the village and a negative and significant relationship with farmers' monthly income. Regression analysis also showed that Six variables including attitude, agricultural land area, monthly income, education level, receiving information from input sellers and interest in integrating farms explain 33.9% of the variance of farmers' behavior regarding sustainability.

During the past decades, with the indiscriminate use of some chemical inputs conventional agriculture has caused serious environmental and human health problems. In response to these problems, precision agriculture, as one of the sustainable agriculture approaches, has received more attention in recent years. Mazandaran province, which is one of the important agricultural producers in the country, has an un-favorable situation in terms of the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers; that is while, the efficient utilization of resource on a per-unit area basis is necessary due to limited land. In this regard, the aim of this research was to analyze the factors affecting the application of precision agriculture in Mazandaran province. This applied research was conducted qualitatively using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) method. This study applied a systematic review of internal and external research sources to identify the factors affecting the application of precision agriculture. Then, the required data were collected in the form of a questionnaire from the respondents. The statistical population of this research consisted of experts in the field of precision agriculture in Mazandaran province, 23 of whom were selected by a purposeful and judgmental sampling method. The analysis of previous research and sources showed that generally, 10 factors are effective in the application of precision agriculture. The results of the ISM analysis indicated that technical and professional, social, and individual factors are the most influential factors in the application of precision agriculture. Furthermore, economic factors, land condition, system of operation and management, and policy-making and macro planning factors were the other most influential factors. Paying special attention to these variables in the field of applying precision agriculture can help the growth and development of sustainable agriculture in Mazandaran province and increase productivity.

 Iran encounters notable obstacles in establishing a strong standard system and issuing safety certificates for agricultural products, which are essential for maintaining a consistent supply of healthy food. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the challenges associated with issuing safety certificates for agricultural products in Iran, drawing insights from experts in the field. The research involved a statistical population of 79 experienced and knowledgeable experts, out of which 65 participants were selected using purposive sampling for the research process. A researcher-developed questionnaire with confirmed validity and reliability was used as the data collection tool. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and confirmatory factor analysis within the Smart PLS software environment. This study resulted in identification of the key challenges in issuing safety certificates for agricultural products in Iran. The most influential factors were technical, technological, and informational challenges, indicating their significant impact on certificate issuance (path coefficient= 0.889). Additionally, political and program (path coefficient= 0.849), legal and institutional (path coefficient= 0.815), socio-cultural (path coefficient= 0.797), environmental (path coefficient= 0.657), and economic (path coefficient= 0.579) challenges were recognized as the other significant obstacles. These findings offer insights for implementing effective solutions to improve the process of issuing safety certificates and enhance the certification process of agricultural products in Iran.

The main goal of present study was to investigate the level of satisfaction of farmers with the use of mobile phones in agricultural extension activities in the villages of Kermanshah. The methodology employed in this research was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study was 32278 farmers who owned mobile phones and covered by media education services of 10 agricultural service centers in Kermanshah. The sample size was estimated by using Krejcie-Morgan table (n=380). Samples were selected using proportional stepwise sampling method. The research tool was a questionnaire consisted of three parts with 39 open-ended and close-ended questions. The validity of the questions was confirmed by a research committee and group of experts. In addition, the reliability of the construct satisfaction questions was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficients (0.87). Data analysis showed that farmers' satisfaction with mean rank of 3.6 was greater than the average. Variables including age, gender, education, income, internet usage, e-mail usage, social media usage, mobile usage for agricultural activities, and cost of mobile usage had significant correlations with the farmers' satisfaction. Stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that four variables, including level of internet and social networks’ use, periodic cost of mobile phones, and level of familiarity with various mobile phone communication facilities had significant effects on farmers' satisfaction. These variables could account for 86% of variance changes in farmers' satisfaction level.

This research was carried out with the general purpose of the role social capital in the use of good agricultural practice. The statistical population of the research included all the farmers of Khorram Abad county. Sample size using Cochran's sampling formula, 380 farmers were selected for the study by stratified sampling method with proportional assignment. The main research tool was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was done in two sections of descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS software. The results showed that the studied farmers do not use good agricultural practice well, and the behaviors of "not burning crop residues" and "using biological and biological fertilizers" are used more than other good agricultural practice. In addition, the results of the regression coefficient showed that the dimensions of social capital (social participation, social norm, social awareness, collective action, social trust) can explain 63.9% of the variance of good agricultural practice. In general, it can be said that the results of this research can provide new insights for policymakers in this field in order to expand sustainable agricultural operations.

In recent decades, unsustainable development of agricultural activities in the Lake Urmia (LU) catchment area has led to drying up of a significant part of the lake. In addition to the negative impacts on the quality of life of local communities around the lake, this issue has had a devastating effect on the quality and quantity of agricultural activities in the region. Accordingly, it seems that the development of sustainable agriculture (SA) can be considered as one of the most important steps towards the revitalization of LU. Due to the importance of the subject, the main purpose of this applied research was to identify and analyze the strategies for the development of sustainable agricultural activities in the provinces of West Azerbaijan and East Azerbaijan in order to revitalize LU. The statistical population of the research was 27 renowned experts and specialists in the Conservation of Iranian’s Wetlands Office, Agriculture-Jihad Organizations, Department of Environmental Protection, and Agricultural Technical-engineering Firms in the provinces of West Azerbaijan and East Azerbaijan. In this research, first, internal and external factors affecting SA activities were identified using Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) technique. Then, the quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM) technique was employed to prioritization of acceptable strategies for the development of SA activities. According to the results, in both West Azerbaijan and East Azerbaijan provinces, the opportunities for SA activities outweighed its threats, and at the same time, the strengths of SA activities outweighed its weaknesses. Also, the results of this research showed that in terms of strategic position, SA activities in both West Azerbaijan and East Azerbaijan provinces were in a developmental position or maximum-maximum. In this regard, the most important joint strategies at the level of both provinces were included "institutional empowerment and synergy of inter-sectoral capacities in order to use the existing potentials in different governmental and non-governmental sectors in the provinces" and "linking SA activity with environmental protection issues with emphasis on the conservation of LU".

Today, engaging in conservation agriculture is an undeniable necessity, and the knowledge, attitudes and skills of farmers in this field can help to develop conservation agriculture. The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude and skills of farmers in Kermanshah Province in the field of conservation agriculture. Statistical population of this study was farmers in Kermanshah Province. The sample size was determined by Bartlett et al. (2001) (n= 370) and sampling was done in a multi-stage manner. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the panel of experts and the convergent validity was done through calculation (AVE), which was equal to 0.76. In order to measure the reliability of the questionnaire, the ordinal theta coefficient was used and an acceptable value was obtained. Findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between educational level, attending educational-extension courses, income, work experience, amount of owned lands, attitude towards conservation agriculture and knowledge of conservation agriculture with the use of conservation agricultural practices. The results also showed that the studied farmers have an appropriate and positive attitude towards conservation agriculture. Farmers' knowledge of conservation agriculture was also good, but their skills in conservation agriculture were assessed as low. Therefore, in order to develop conservation agriculture in Kermanshah province, it is suggested that agricultural extension planners make every effort to increase the skills of farmers in the field of conservation agriculture.

The main purpose of this descriptive-correlative research was to develop a theoretical model for the investigation of factors affecting farmers’ intention to use Habrobracon hebetor to control tomato Heliothis spp. based on Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). The statistical population of the study was 1666 tomato producers in Tarom County in Zanjan Province among which 330 producers were selected by stratified sampling method. The standard questionnaire was used to collect the data. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. The construct validity (value range of factor loadings was from 0.58 to 0.94 and Average Variance Extracted was from 0.524 to 0.677) and the composite reliability (values range from 0.766 to 0.857) of the research instrument were tested by estimating the measurement model and they were modified after making necessary corrections. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) multivariate technique. The empirical results of the study revealed that the main components of the original TPB model including attitude, social norms, perceived behavioral control and self-efficacy had statistically significant positive effects on the variable intention to use Habrobracon hebetor and explained about 51% of its variances. Furthermore, after inclusion of the variable moral norms as the additional predictor of intention in the extended TPB model, the predictive power of the model was found to increase up to 7%. The findings not only provide more empirical evidences in the cognitive processing of intention to use biological control methods, but also provide useful information for the extension of the use of green/clean methods for pests control.

Green entrepreneurship development could have a main role in sustainable employment, reduction of environmental problems, reduction of diseases caused by unhealthy food consumption as well as agricultural lands productivity increase. Therefore, strategic analysis of green entrepreneurship development in agriculture of Kermanshah was the main purpose of the study. This applicable research was done using the mixed method (SWOT, AHP). The qualitative phase was conducted based on purposeful sampling method, snowball, and the required data was gathered through the 14 interviews of the agricultural entrepreneurship experts. The quantitative phase was also conducted asking five individuals of the same expert groups in order to fill the paired-comparison questionnaire. The results showed that the green entrepreneurship development process in Kermanshah requires a conservative and competitive strategy. According to the findings, “promotion of organic and healthy products through mass media and purposeful education for different groups”, “establishment of the trustee organization for healthy and organic productions with the power to enforce their approvals” and “farmers` training about green entrepreneurship” were the main strategies in order to green entrepreneurship development, respectively.

The use of Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques is increasing in the framework of Ecological Economics paradigm as well as providing new analytical tools for the practical resolution of complex problems which has become a target in this regard. In current research, a multi criteria and holistic comparison of three conventional farming systems and agro enterprises was carried out by implementing Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) due to the knowledge of experts. This two-phase research was done in order to comparative analysis of the sustainability of entrepreneurial agro-enterprises and conventional farming systems. By a three-round Delphi study, the first phase was conducted in order to identify criteria of sustainability capacities assessment of different agricultural systems. So, four alternatives and four criteria (including 27 sub criteria) were extracted. In the second phase, extracted alternatives and criteria were prioritized using AHP. Using theoretical purposeful sampling and according to the research purpose, criteria for selection of participants as key experts were identified, as: (1) Practical experience in the agricultural production and business, (2) Management and policy making experience in agricultural production and business and (3) Scientific knowledge in the field of agricultural production and business management. A total of 22 experts participated in the Delphi survey. The criteria were (1) Ecological adaptive capacity; (2) Economic value-adding capacity; (3) Adaptive management capacity; and (4) Social integration. Environmental concerns had higher priority than economic, social and managerial issues due to the criteria rankings. Based on alternatives and criteria, a three-level decision making tree was outlined. Required data was collected through pair wise comparison and 20 questionnaires were filled by a group of experts and key informants. Data analysis was done using Expert Choice 2000. According to the results, the alternatives were ranked as: (1) Agro-enterprises; (2) Agricultural Cooperatives (collective farming systems); (3) Family farming systems; (4) Agribusiness (commercial farming system), respectively. Overall, findings revealed that the sustainability capacities of agro enterprises were greater than the other three conventional farming systems in the Golestan Province.

The present research is a descriptive-correlational study and was done with the aim of assessing the stability of the rice fields in Guilan province and investigating the factors affecting the use of sustainable agricultural methods. The Statistical population of research consisted of rice farmers in Rasht city. The data gathering tool was a researcher made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and KMO statistics. Using factor analysis of the main variables of the research, it was indexed. The results showed that a sustained average of rice fields in the study area is to 3.592. This means that the sustainability of the rice fields in the study area is less than average. Independent variables of research were placed in three groups of characteristics, economic and agricultural. The result of the correlation test proves that between variables of education level (0.505), income from rice cultivation (0.283), the type of operating system (0.447), saving inputs (0.378), indigenous knowledge of rice farmers (r =0.121), the amount of technical knowledge of rice farmers (0.289) and knowledge of sustainable agriculture (0.944) with sustainable agriculture, there is a positive and significant relationship but between variables such as age, gender, farming experience, household size, extent of rice fields, non-agricultural employment, Participate in education and promotion classes and access to credit facilities was not found a significant relationship with sustainable agriculture.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the behavior of paddy farmers as members of the rural production cooperatives in the context of sustainable agriculture. The population included all the paddy farmers that were members of rural production cooperatives in Sari Township (N= 4160), based on Cochran formula, 162 subjects were selected by the use of stratified sampling method (n=173). The instrument used was a questionnaire, the validity of which was gained by a panel of experts and also its reliability was reported 0.83-0.93.The results showed that knowledge, attitudes and skills of majority of the paddy farmers in the context of sustainable agriculture was at a moderate level. Also, overall assessment showed that their behavior and performance was at an acceptable level. The results of ANOVA test showed that farmers with more experience had a significant higher and positive performance in their field as well as implementing sustainable agriculture practices.

To achieve sustainable agriculture and appropriate, should be between socio-economic factors and environmental factors, individual, personal and spiritual balance This study aims to distinguish knowledge of wheat farmers in sustainable agriculture was based on socio-economic variables. 8532 is the population size. According to Cochran formula, the sample size of 130 was determined and the data were collected from them.this study was causal-way communication to field conducted by way of a questionnaire survey and the validity of professors of agricultural extension and education at Tarbiat Modarres University confirmed And alpha coefficient was calculated by using the R software and its value is equal to (89 = α) was confirmed was confirmed. Data analysis in two parts: descriptive and inferential statistics(Regression) were performed using SPSS software SPSS19. Results showed that the More of farmers in the area of sustainable agriculture farmers 'medium' Of socio-economic variables (age, yield the amount of land irrigated farming, the number of the company's promotional periods) high power levels24 based on environmental concerns are rural

This study aimed at evaluating the impact of sustainable agriculture on sustainable rural development in Doshmanziari district of Nourabad Mamasani county of Iran. The statistical population consisted of two groups of households and farmers. The sample size was determined 200 households and 150 farmers surveyed by a questionnaire, the reliability of which was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.87). The results from factor analysis showed that factors resulting in sustainable rural development could explain 73% of the variance in rural development; also, sustainable agricultural indices could explain 68% of the variance. Results of regression analysis indicated that there was a significant relationship between sustainable agriculture and rural development; in addition, the correlation between the eight factors of sustainable agriculture and rural development was considered as a direct moderate one. The results of the cluster analysis and t-independent test to evaluate the sustainable agriculture in the studied area showed its inappropriate condition in terms of agricultural sustainability.

The purpose of this descriptive survey study was to measure agricultural paradigmatic preferences of agricultural faculty members in west of Iran. The statistical population consisted all 288 faculty members of agriculture at public universities (Razi, Bu-Ali Sina, Lorestan, Kordestan and Ilam) in west of Iran. According to the Krejcie & Morgan table, a sample size of 165 was selected using stratified random sampling method. Based on findings, the sustainability score mean for faculty members was 71.13. The range of sustainability score means for all the respondents was 40 to 109 and agricultural paradigm type of faculty members was moderate. There was a significant difference between sustainability score means male and female faculty members and of faculty members graduated from within the country universities and those universities abroad. There was a negative and significant relationship between sustainability score with age and job experiences. Analysis of variance showed that there was no significant difference between sustainability score means of faculty members with different agricultural disciplines and significant difference between sustainability score means of faculty members in the different faculties of agriculture. Based on ordinal regression analysis, six variables including gender, employment in agriculture, graduated from universities abroad, age, academic rank and job experiences were influencing on agricultural paradigm evaluation of faculty members.