جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « human capital » در نشریات گروه « علوم ترویج »

Energy demand and the factors affecting it have been growing in importance due to population growth, increased greenhouse gas emissions, and limited energy resources. The study of energy consumption in the agricultural sector of Iran shows an increase in the consumption of various energy carriers in this sector in recent years to increase production, employment, and food security. Given the significance of energy resources and environmental protection, the present study aims to investigate the impact of economic and non-economic factors on energy demand in Iran's agricultural sector over the period 1970-2017 using Markov switching-error correction model. The results indicate that the variable of agricultural production in both Markov regimes has a positive and significant effect on energy demand in this sector. The variable of the diversity of agricultural activities affects energy consumption in the agricultural sector positively. Also, the impact of human capital and trade liberalization in the agricultural sector on energy consumption in this sector is positive and significant. It is therefore suggested that to manage and optimize energy consumption, appropriate policies should be implemented in this sector to reduce environmental pollution and prevent the reduction of agricultural production

The present descriptive survey aims to analyze sustainable rural livelihood in Langarud County of Guilan province, Iran. The statistical population was composed of all rural people in this county (N=37904). Convenience sampling used to determine sample size (n=180). They were selected by proportionally allocated random sampling method. The research instrument was a self-designed questionnaire whose face and content validity was confirmed by a panel of experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated by Cronbach’s alpha to be 0.76, implying its reliability. Results showed that among five capitals of sustainable livelihood, social, human, physical, natural and financial capitals were ranked from the first to fifth, respectively. Accordingly, rural people were in the best condition in terms of social capital compared to other capitals. Concerning the level of sustainable livelihood capitals, it is recommended that rural development policies should spur livelihood diversification as a core strategy. In addition, attempts should be made to enhance rural people’s awareness of what they have and to change their attitude towards what they feel in their life and/or they see in nature.

Sustainable Livelihoods Approach emerged in the 1980s as a new analytical approach in the field of rural development in which the rural livelihood capitals form the basis of the villager's empowerment and their ability to get involved in their own individual and social destiny. This study aimed to answer the question that how much the importance of each type of livelihood capitals is in the Central District of Dena County in an attempt to improve rural development interventions. The statistical population of the study consisted of local experts of Central District of Dena County that involved village managers and village council members out of which 15 individuals were purposefully selected based on their accessibility. Data were collected through a questionnaire which was developed to conduct pairwise comparisons of livelihood capitals according to the ANP method. Super Decisions software was used in order to rank livelihood capitals and their sub-indexes. The results showed that from among the five types of capital, physical capital was at the first priority. In addition, human, natural and social capitals were at the second, third and fourth priorities, respectively. Finally, financial capital was in the last priority. Therefore, in planning and investing to achieve sustainable livelihood in rural areas, physical and human capital should be taken into consideration more than any other capitals.

This question has always been put forward in the mind of curious people why some countries have developed termed in spite of very few natural resources and facilities while other countries have not developed in spite of having more suitable resources and facilities. Various factors such as economy, culture, geography, etc. are perhaps a background to answer this question, but there is a more important factor that, in similar conditions, causes the development of some countries and that factor is to consider human resource as a fundamental capital and how to use their abilities and talents. The phenomenon of creativity and innovation, like many peculiarities of human beings, are found in all mankind and it is these motivations and individual and environmental conditions that make the creativity factor vivid. Among the features of intelligent organizations are: systemic thought, easy accessibility to information and so on all of which have originated from the well-beginners of creative and innovative people. This article deals with innovation and creativity, as the most important Haman capitals, the relationship of brain and creative thinking, powers comprising mind capabilities, divergent and convergent thinking and the factors making innovations and creativity. The findings of this research indicate that with respect to increasing change and transformations of today’s societies, the organizational thinkers in the 21st century are different from the thinkers in the 20th century. Critical thinking following creative thinking has created a new approach in the human capital of organizations. Therefore, the organizations that have employed this approach are successful.