جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تاب آوری » در نشریات گروه « علوم ترویج »

Today, the occurrence of severe accidents and disasters related to climate change is increasing in the world. In the face of challenges and crises caused by global changes and the intensification of human activities, how to deal with various changes and maintain the vitality of one's development is a very important issue. Among the wide range of risks that human societies are exposed to, drought is one of the most important natural disasters that has had severe and sometimes catastrophic effects on human vital activities all over the world since the beginning of human civilization. Because drought covers a wider geographical area, it is more complex than other natural disasters and affects more people. Among its effects, we can mention the reduction of agricultural products, reduction of production efficiency, soil erosion, and lack of food and increase of hunger in the affected areas. Frequent droughts in the past have severely reduced the resilience of rural households due to the lack of comprehensive risk reduction systems, and depending on rainfed agriculture in rural Iran it has increased the vulnerability of rural households. Therefore, it is necessary to use the capabilities of local communities to increase their resilience in drought conditions. This study was conducted with the general purpose of the investigating the role of sense of place in the resilience of rural households in drought conditions.

The statistical population of the study included all rural households - farmers of Dorud city. Sample size was selected for the study using Krejci and Morgan table of 375 heads of households. The main research tool was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was performed in two sections of descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS and LISREL software.

The results of grouping rural households showed that they are not in a good position in terms of spatial belonging and resilience. In addition, the results of structural equation modeling showed that the dimensions of sense of place with a coefficient of explanation of 64% (γ = 0.80, t = 9.85) have a positive and significant effect on the sense of resilience of rural households in drought conditions. The results of this study can provide new insights for rural development policy makers in reducing migration to urban areas. In this regard, it is suggested to improve the existing methods of animal husbandry and agriculture by providing technical, educational and extension services, and providing appropriate grounds for increasing resilience and a sense of belonging in rural households.

The results of this research showed that the past droughts have lowered the resilience level of rural households and they have become extremely vulnerable. The loss of resilience can further increase the migration of rural households. But one of the important solutions in the field of capacity building of local communities is to use the potential of rural households' sense of belonging. Rural households believe that if the environment can meet their needs, they would not be willing to leave their place of living easily. Therefore, it is suggested to provide proper support to rural households in drought conditions to provide them with a basis for sustainability.

Physical resilience is very low due to the high fragility of rural settlements in the face of conditions and limited capacity to deal with changes. Rural housing as an important part of man-made environment, generally in accidents that happen quickly, suffer a lot of damage, so it is important to pay attention to the provision of resilient housing, especially in areas where natural hazards have intensified. Also, it is very important to pay attention to the rural areas that seem vulnerable to disasters due to the weakness in facilities and socio-economic level.The study area is Andika city. Andika city in Khuzestan province was hit by an earthquake with a magnitude of 5.7 and a large area in 2021, and this earthquake caused considerable damage to rural residential houses in this city. Also, in this earthquake, 600 residential units were damaged and more than 10 billion tomans cost of damage to housing in this city is estimated. According to the statistics and information obtained from the Rural Disasters and Crisis Unit of the General Administration of the Housing Foundation in Andika City and Khuzestan Province, out of a total of 552 inhabited villages in this city, 120 villages have been affected by accidents and suffered a lot of damage in the physical part, especially in housing, as for example in the village of Repi 100 houses have been completely destroyed. The studied villages are scattered in the central part, and they form the statistical population of the present study. According to the issues raised in the problem statement, the research question is raised as follows: At what level is the current state of houses of rural households in Andika city evaluated in terms of resilience?

In terms of its nature, this research is of the type of quantitative research, and in terms of its purpose it is of applied research, and in terms of the method it is descriptive-analytical. In the studied area, out of a total of 1726 rural houses in the city, 600 houses were damaged by the earthquake in 1400. In this study, villages were selected as samples, where the destruction of rural houses in the face of an earthquake was more than 20 units. Based on this, 9 villages that had the most damage caused by the earthquake in terms of housing were selected as sample villages. The sample size was calculated with the help of Cochran's formula, and with the help of the ratio sharing rule, the number of investigated houses in each village was determined. The total number of houses in the 9 surveyed villages was 256.

Due to its location on the earthquake belt, Iran has always been at risk of earthquakes. The formation of large faults and the presence of active stress fields have made Iran prone to earthquakes. In rural areas, due to the construction of non-standard houses, which is done due to various reasons such as incorrect government policies and economic savings, the houses are vulnerable to the risk of earthquakes. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to the concept of rural housing resilience. In the context of earthquake management, resilience can be defined as the capacity of a system, potentially exposed to hazards, to adapt through resistance or change to reach and maintain an acceptable level of performance and structure. In the present study, the physical resilience of housing under 5 components with 36 indicators was investigated. According to the significant level obtained in all dimensions of the housing's physical resilience (except the spatial and structural dimensions), the mean is significantly lower than the theoretical mean and is evaluated at a low to medium level. Except for the spatial average with 3.24 and the structural dimension with 3.14, which is higher than the theoretical average (number 3), in other dimensions, the physical resilience of the villagers' housing is lower than the theoretical average and poorly evaluated. So that the averages of mental image dimension with 2.65, functional dimension with 2.74, and physical resilience structure of rural housing with 2.99 were lower than the theoretical average.There is a significant relationship between all variables except the number of household members living in a residential unit with resilience structure. There is also an inverse relationship with weak intensity between the variables (duration of residence in the village, age of the respondents) and resilience. There is a weak direct relationship between the variable number of years of education and resilience. According to the significance level of 0.01, there is a significant direct relationship with medium intensity between the variable of average income and resilience. There is a significant relationship between housing characteristics and resilience, except for the variable of total infrastructure area. There is an inverse relationship with moderate intensity between the variables (building age, number of floors) and resilience; in such a way that with the increase of each of the variables, the resilience decreases and with the decrease of each of them, the resilience increases. The relationship between the variables (total area of the residential unit, number of rooms) and significant resilience is of a direct type with medium intensity. There is no significant relationship between individual characteristics and the structure of housing vulnerability. There is a direct and moderate relationship between the characteristics of the roads and the resilience of the houses. The type of loan received, the quality of the structure in terms of almond, semi-durable and low-durable, and the types of framing of the residential unit are effective on the physical resilience of the housing.

Rural business is one of the types of businesses that nowadays, due to the reconstruction of functional patterns of many rural areas and also the design of new tourism businesses in rural areas is one of the most dynamic aspects of entrepreneurship. Activities that are formed in tourism destinations with goals such as improving livelihoods and economic well-being sound to be the best ways to deal with these risks of economic shocks and imbalances to improve their resilience. Resilience is the capacity of society to withstand risks and abnormal conditions and return to normal conditions. Considering that tourism is an important and dominant economic sector in some countries and some destinations are dependent on this sector for growth and survival, relying on this sector has put a lot of pressure on tourism managers and planners in order to protect the business and the tourism community against crises and disasters and has led to the presentation of strategic plans to deal with its possible consequences. Therefore, in an important and growing economic activity such as tourism, it is necessary to understand and recognize the dimensions of the accident and crisis and to examine strategies to stop or limit its consequences. In this regard, business resilience and resilience planning are a comprehensive approach. To realize the development of tourist communities and reduce the possibility of instability caused by the occurrence of disruptive conditions in the normal process of these businesses, the most common perspective of resilience in tourism is on the marketing of the tourism industry and the number of incoming tourists to the destination due to the rapid change of variables caused by unexpected or predictable events and its impact on the economy and tourism businesses. In fact, the resilience of tourism may pay attention to the changes in social, environmental and economic variables that make up  tourism in an integrated way, but the ultimate goal of paying attention to it should be to create the resilience of businesses related to these variables against external fragile events.

The current research is applied in terms of its nature and descriptive-analytical in terms of survey-based method. The data collection tool for each item was through a questionnaire. The required variables of this research were selected using the study of reliable scientific sources and field study from the study area. In this research, the questions related to the variables of the questionnaire are set using a 5-option Likert scale from very high to very low. The unit of analysis in this research is the business owners related to the tourism sector in the rural areas around Urmia Lake in Shabestar city. In order to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, a number of 30 questionnaires were distributed in the region and the reliability coefficient of resilience was estimated at 0.87, which indicates that the mentioned questionnaire has adequate reliability. Also, based on Cochran's sampling formula, the sample size was 350 people from business owners related to the tourism sector. The data needed for the research was also collected through a simple random sampling method.

The descriptive findings of the research, based on 350 questionnaires distributed among the sample size, indicate that 319 were men and 31 were women. The highest frequency of respondents was 156 people in the category of 41-50 years, which accounted for 45% of the sample size. In terms of level of education, among the four levels of education, elementary and illiterate, under-diploma, post-diploma, bachelor and above, the highest frequency of respondents with 194 people, equal to 55%, was in the diploma level. One sample t-test was used to investigate the resilience of villages in four dimensions. The general results of the one-sided t-test for the resilience of the villages show an average of 1.68. Considering that the average observed resilience of the villages is less than 3, which corresponds to the average level of the Likert spectrum, so it can be said that the overall resilience situation in the studied villages is evaluated at a low level of resilience. According to the results of the one-sided t-test, the average of social capital dimension was 2.11, economic 1.22, human capital 2.16, and management institution 1.23. The significance level of all the indicators is lower than the test error level of 5% and the average of all dimensions are not at the optimal level and this issue is effective in reducing the resilience of the studied villages.

The results of the research based on the one-sided t-test indicate that the general situation of resilience is not very favorable. The general results of the one-sided t-test for the resilience status of the studied villages show an average of 1.68. Considering that the average observed resilience of the villages is less than 3, which corresponds to the average level of the Likert scale, it can be said that the overall resilience situation in the studied villages is evaluated at a very low level of resilience. Dimensions of resilience from the villagers' point of view have different averages, so that the highest average is related to the institutional and human capital (2.16) and the lowest average is related to the economic dimension (1.22). The stratification of the 7 studied villages based on Mirka's decision-making technique shows that based on the score (Q) Ali Biglo, Qara Tapeh and Kafi al-Mulk villages are at the medium resilience level, Sheikh Wali and Koushak villages are at the low resilience level and Haft Cheshme and Maraghosh Qala villages are at a very low level of resilience.

Resolving social, economic and ecological challenges, analyzing the relationships between stakeholders and their surrounding environment is one of the requirements for empowering rangeland users. The interaction of humans and nature is defined as socio-ecological systems. Vulnerability, resilience and adaptive capacity have been identified as three characteristics related to the socio-ecological system. Therefore, the main aim of this research is to investigate the spatial changes of socio-ecological systems based on vulnerability, resilience and adaptation capacity criteria. Also, prioritization of the northern rural districts of Ardabil province using multi-criteria evaluation is another objective of the current study.
In this study, the research was conducted in the northern villages of Ardabil province. As per the Iranian Statistics Center's report from 2015, the northern region of Ardabil province comprises four cities: Meshginshahr, Germi, Bilasuvar, and Parsabad, along with 31 rural districts and 980 villages. The total population in this area is 237,907, residing in 61,412 households. The study focused on rural districts as the primary socio-ecological management units. These units encompass rural communities and rangeland ecosystems, each evaluated based on criteria such as resilience, vulnerability, and adaptive capacity. Based on the purpose of the research and different dimensions of socio-ecological systems, the research sub-criteria were selected. Data for the sub-criteria were gathered through mapping, climate data, and questionnaire analysis. To standardize the values across different rural districts, the maximum method was applied due to the varying nature of the criteria. Then, different weighting methods were then employed to evaluate and prioritize the rural districts accordingly.
The analysis results indicate that Shaban and Lahrud rural districts in Meshginshahr county have the highest vulnerability scores (0.871 and 0.867), while Aslandoz and North Qashlaq rural districts in Parsabad county have the lowest scores (0.448 and 0.483). This suggests that Shaban and Lahrud are in a more vulnerable situation compared to Aslandoz and North Qeshlaq. In terms of resilience, central Arshagh and West Qashlaq rural districts in Parsabad county have the lowest values (0.252 and 0.286), while the two western Meshgin and Meshginshahr Ghareso rural districts have the highest values (0.692 and 0.691) among all rural districts. Additionally, the adaptive capacity criterion shows that Dasht and Lahrud rural districts in Meshginshahr exhibit the highest favorability (0.797 and 0.864), whereas Angirlu and South Qeshlaq rural districts in Bilasuvar have lower favorability compared to other districts (0.111 and 0.145). Furthermore, the zoned maps of socio-ecological system index values revealed that when applying equal weighting or adjusting the weight of each criterion, there were no significant variations in the socio-ecological system index across rural districts. Notably, the analysis indicated that the southern rural districts in the research area exhibited more favorable socio-ecological conditions compared to other regions. Consequently, it is imperative to implement robust measures to conserve nature and the environment, provide support to rural communities, and align efforts with sustainable development objectives. This approach will facilitate informed decision-making and effective management of plans and projects aimed at enhancing social-ecological systems.
The results showed that the index of socio-ecological systems of Dasht, Lahrud, Qarasu, Western Meshgin and Eastern Meshgin rural districts in all four weighting approach conditions (with the same weighting, emphasis on vulnerability criteria, emphasis on resilience criteria and emphasis on adaptation capacity criteria) are more desirable compared to other rural districts. Overall, it is important to acknowledge that rural communities face greater challenges compared to urban areas in various aspects. When natural disasters strike, these communities are particularly vulnerable and have limited resources to recover. Therefore, it is crucial for management efforts to focus on maintaining favorable conditions and enhancing vulnerability, resilience, and adaptive capacity in lower prioritized regions. Based on the research results, it is recommended to prioritize intra-regional and inter-regional equity to establish sustainable development and service indicators effectively. Special attention should be given to the spatial and physical organization of rural villages.

Agriculture as the main source of livelihood for rural residents of the developing countries is inherently sensitive to climate variability and change. Among different climatic events, drought is frequently identified as a major threat to agricultural. In order to reduce the negative impacts of drought on livelihoods, increasing the resilience of farmers is necessary. Improving the sustainable livelihoods of rural people has received growing attention during last decades and is one of the main goals of sustainable rural development. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyze the resilience of farmers and provide livelihood strategies in the central part of Shazand County based on random sampling of 12 villages. The aforementioned villages to assess the resilience, the four dimensions of economic, social, and institutional infrastructure based environmental were used based on the sustainable livelihood framework, was used. The findings of the study showed that the farmers' resilience to drought conditions is in unsustainable economic and institutional dimensions and in the environmental and social indicators of a stable situation. The results of cluster analysis method, five livelihood strategies for compensating and resilient farmers against drought including the first strategy for deep-seated agriculture and increasing productivity, second, third and fourth strategies for diversification into non-agricultural and domestic activities and ultimately the strategy. Fifth, based on the desire to migrate, was identified and presented.

Rural women’s small businesses make huge contributions to the rural development. However, success and survival of these businesses has been a concern. Hence, it is critical to understand the factors influencing success of rural women’s small businesses. The present study examined whether two psychological sources, namely entrepreneurial resilience and empowerment were positively related to the entrepreneurial success of rural women. The statistical population of the study included all rural women entrepreneurs in Sistan region, Iran  (N = 1546). Then, 250 people were selected as the sample using a non-probability convenience sampling procedure. The research instrument was a questionnaire, which its face validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was confirmed by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α > 0.74). The results of structural equation modeling showed that entrepreneurial resilience and empowerment were positively and significantly related to the entrepreneurial success of rural women. The results also indicated that empowerment was indirectly related to the entrepreneurial success of rural women through the resilience. Therefore, it is suggested that rural women entrepreneurs’ psychological resources, especially resilience and empowerment be strengthened and developed in order to improve the level of their entrepreneurial success.

The agriculture sector plays a critical role in ensuring food security. However, the incidence of natural hazards such as drought has threatened the sustainable supply of foods in some vulnerable areas. Also, it is projected that the intensity and extent of droughts will increase in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. Therefore, enhancing the resilience of farmers to current and future droughts is imperative. This requires a comprehensive and fundamental recognition of the factors affecting the resilience of agricultural producers. Present qualitative research was conducted with the aim of investigating the drivers of farmers’ resilience to drought in the Sistan plain. In this respect, a purposeful sampling method was employed and the required data was gathered through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with a panel of experts, as well as observation and field notes. Using the grounded theory approach, the causal conditions (climate change, water depletion, and soil degradation), contextual conditions (knowledge and awareness, psychological, socio-cultural, information and communication technology, and ecological factors), and intervening conditions (economic, institutional, and extension and education) were identified. Also, adaptation strategies (technical-agricultural management, water resource management, financial-livelihood, and legal-infrastructural factors) and consequences were investigated. In the end, some recommendations and policy implications were provided to enhance the resilience of farm families against drought.

Recent droughts have aroused extensive concerns on crop and food production in the world. Since the agricultural sector is the leading water consumer in Iran and farmers are one of the most vulnerable groups to drought, applying drought adaptation strategies changes their resilience and viability. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of drought adaptation strategies on farmers' livability and resilience in the Sistan region, Iran (N = 6000). Therefore, a sample of 361 farmers was taken by the multi-stage cluster randomization technique. The research instrument was a questionnaire which its content and face validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and discriminant validity (AVE). In addition, evaluating its reliability using Cronbach's alpha and the Composite reliability indices revealed that the values are within the acceptable range. The results indicated that the means of the physical, and environmental livability, responding, and recovery were significantly lower than the mean interval of the variables. The findings of SEM showed that 45.8% and 38.7% of farmers' livability and resilience to drought conditions depend on the adaptation strategies used by them, respectively.

Due to the severe vulnerability of Iranian villages to unforeseen events, compliance with standards is especially necessary and inevitable for the construction of buildings more resistant to earthquakes. Therefore, this descriptive-analytical and field study aimed at investigating the resilience of mountainous and plain villages and reduce the possible damage caused by the earthquake in Amol County of Mazandaran province in Iran. The statistical population of the study included households living in four mountain villages and four plain villages, from which, using Cochran's formula, 270 household heads were selected as the sample size. The required data were collected through observation and structured interview methods as well as a questionnaire; in addition, a hierarchical cluster analysis model was used to measure and analyze the data. During the clustering process, the studied villages were classified into four different clusters in terms of seismic resistance. The study results showed that the single village of the first cluster and the villages of the second cluster located in the mountainous region were the most vulnerable villages, and the villages of the third cluster and the single village of the fourth cluster located in the plains had higher resistance to earthquakes, respectively.

Due to the special geographical conditions of the villages of Sardasht County in West Azerbaijan province of Iran, these villages are prone to political, economic, social and regional threats. The present study, focusing on the concept of resilience, examined and analyzed the resilience of villages in Sardasht County against natural and human hazards in various dimensions based on their geographical location. The research was conducted in descriptive and analytical methods and the required data were collected in documentary and field methods. Data collection tool was a questionnaire and a random classified sampling method was used. Among other study results, in the economic dimension, the results showed that the farmer's capital and savings (in valley villages), employment (in valley villages), income from non-agricultural activities (in border villages), income from remittances from the city (both in mountainous and suburban villages) and property ownership and land number (in border villages) were indicators of high importance in resilience.

Considering the developing trend of starting-up greenhouse businesses in Golestan province, it is very important to study the effective factors of resilience in these businesses. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the resilience of greenhouse businesses in Golestan province. In this regard, a survey research method was used to collect the required information. The target population includes all 542 of greenhouse owners in Golestan Province. The samples were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method from 7 Counties, and the information was collected through 221 questionnaires. The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated and confirmed based on the opinion of experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbachchr('39')s alpha. Exploratory factor analysis method was used to identify the factors affecting the resilience of greenhouse businesses. The results showed that the five factors titled decision-making and planning ability, hope for the future, institutional supports, job security and opportunism and competitiveness explain 76.47% of the total variance of the factors affecting the resilience of greenhouse businesses. The results of compare mean tests (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis) showed that the level of resilience is higher among male respondents, non-natives and respondents who depend on local market to purchase inputs. Overall, the extracted factors in this study provide a key framework that can combine the role of internal factors such as managerial and entrepreneurial skills with external factors such as institutional support and job security in improving resilience to be used in policy making of business resilience promotion.

Unemployment serves as one of the basic problems of Iran, particularly in rural areas. Rural businesses play an important role in reducing the unemployment and rural migration and generally sustainable rural development. This study aimed to analyze factors affecting the willingness of the non-farming rural business owners to develop economic activities in rural areas. It was a quantitative research in terms of nature, an applied research in terms of purpose, a non-experimental in terms of the control variables, a survey in terms of data collection, and a causative research in terms of method of data analysis. The statistical population included 120 rural business owners in Malekan County of Iran. A questionnaire was set to collect data, the reliability and stability of which were confirmed by a panel of experts and Cranach's alpha coefficient, respectively. The results of discriminant analysis showed that the variables of resilience of business owners, attachment to the village, social capital, resilience of business lifespan, and owners’ satisfaction of business services had the highest impacts on the willingness of rural business owners to develop their economic activities in rural areas.