جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « خردل وحشی » در نشریات گروه « منابع طبیعی »

In the national standard for canola seed production, wild mustard is considered an illegal weed. Although canola and wild mustard can be distinguished by the morphological traits, it is not possible to distinguish the seeds of two species, especially the coated seeds. The present study was conducted to optimize the identification and detection of wild mustard seeds in rapeseed lots by morphological, chemical and molecular methods. The other seed count test was performed according to the rules of international seed test in rapeseed sampling. Chemical test design was performed under KOH treatment. The results of the chemical test were presented in five different status. Three specific markers of DA, DC and 5S rDNA were used, respectively. The Cruc marker is thought to be an internal control. Multiple polymerase chain reaction show amplification patterns of wild-mustard seed-specific markers with 5S rDNA amplified 190 bp that did not amplify in canola seeds. DA and DC markers in canola seeds amplified 239 and 625 bp, respectively, which did not amplify in wild mustard. According to molecular specific Profile and comparison with different status of rapeseed. Morphological limitation features and similarity of expression states of seed-related traits in wild mustard and rapeseed and factors such as seed coverage and chemical treatment restriction of wild mustard from rapeseed masses according International seed testing will not be possible, in which case DNA-based molecular tools will provide reliable results.

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of salinity and drought stress on germination and growth characteristics of wild mustard seedlings collected from irrigated wheat fields on the base of a complete randomized design in Iranian Plant Protection Research Institute. Different levels of salinity and drought stress included of 0 (control), -2, -4, -6, -8 and -10 bar were created by NaCl and poly-ethylene-glycol (PEG), respectively. Measured criteria included of final germination percentage, germination speed, seedling length, plumule length, radicle length and seedling vigor index. According to the results, mentioned stresses had negative significant effect on germination rate and percentage, length of plumule, radicle and seedling and seedling vigor index. More significant effect in drought stress than salinity stress showed higher resistance of wild mustard in salinity stress rather than drought stress. Both salinity and drought stress affected length of plumule more than length of radical. It means that length of plumule is more sensitive to mentioned stresses. According to fitted model, X50 (the potential caused to 50% reduction of final germination and germination rate of wild mustard) related to salinity stress (7.33 and 5.03, respectively) was significantly higher than X50 related to drought stress (4.47 and 2.90, respectively).

To find methods of breaking seed dormancy,an experiment was arranged in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications in laboratory ofGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resourcesduring 2010. The seeds were divided into three portions. Two portions of seeds within a period of two and four weeks in temperature of 4οC was remained uniformity under moist conditions (cold stratification) and one another part of seeds located in laboratory conditions and ordinary temperature. Then nine mechanical and chemical scarification treatments (using of gibberellic acid with concentration of 500, 1500 and 2000 ppm; 1, 2 and 4 minutes soaking in sulfuric acid; 1, 2 and 3 minutes of using of Emery)were applied on these seed portions and the germination percentage, rate and uniformity were investigated. Also, in order to determine the effect of treatments on permeability of seed coat to water, water adsorption trend of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) seed was studied after using of treatments. Results of experiment indicated that prechilling, scarification treatments and their interaction effects have significant effect on germination components. According to results, effective treatments following by 24 hours of soaking in gibberllic acid(density=2000, 1500 ppm) andmechanical scarification for 2 minutes treatment, in non-prechilling and 2 weeks prechilling. No use of prechilling treatment, germination percentage in 24 hours of soaking in gibberllic acid(density=2000, 1500 ppm) andmechanical scarification for 2 minutes treatment observed 58.5, 56 and 47.5%, respectively. Despite two weeks of moist chilling, germination percentage of these treatments with a slight increase was about 77.25, 76.5 and 53.25%, respectively, meanwhile under four weeks of moist chilling, germination percentage in above treatments decreased about 77, 65 and 66%. In the end it became clear that the best treatment for reduction of wild mustard seed dormancy and improve its germination was 24 hours of soaking in gibberllic acid(density=1500 ppm) andemery for 2 minutes treatment