جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "micronutrient" در نشریات گروه "منابع طبیعی"

  Spinach is a leafy vegetable rich in nutrients and can be consumed either raw or prepared in various ways. Incorporating micro-elements like Zn and Fe can increase nutrient concentration in agricultural products and boost plant yield. This, in turn, plays a crucial role in improving food quality and promoting better health for society. High concentrations of Zn can impede plant growth by affecting photosynthesis and oxygen-free radical production. Conversely, Fe is a vital micronutrient contributing to several plant metabolic processes. This study aims to identify the optimal levels of Fe and Zn elements to enhance spinach yield, element concentration, and vegetative growth.

The plants were cultivated in washed sand media (free from any nutrients). Plants were treated with Zn (0.22, 5, and 10 mg L-1) and Fe (3, 6, and 12 mg L-1). After the first two leaves appeared in each pot, 500 ml of nutrient solution was manually added.

The ANOVA results indicate that varying levels of Zn and Fe have a significant impact on various traits in spinach, including leaf size, fresh and dry shoot, and root weight, photosynthetic pigments, total antioxidant activity, total soluble protein and carbohydrate content, as well as leaf and root elements. It is important to note that the nutritional components of both spinach leaves and roots were impacted by the combinations of treatments applied. Specifically, the levels of Mg, Zn, and Cu increased after using varying concentrations of Fe and Zn compared to those plants watered with the lowest levels of these minerals. The simultaneous application of Zn and Fe increased the Fe content of leaves and roots. Still, with the increase in the concentration of these treatments, it was observed a reduction in the Fe content so that the lowest amount of Fe in the leaves and roots was observed in the highest concentration of Zn in the food solution (12 mg L-1 Fe + 10 mg L-1 Zn). Spinach plants under irrigation by 5 mg L-1 Zn + 6 mg L-1 Fe had the highest leaf K content, which improved by 31.79% compared to the control treatment. When the concentration of Zn in the nutrient solution was increased to 10 mg L-1, it resulted in a decrease in K content in both leaves and roots. The treatment of Fe 6 mg L-1 + Zn 5 mg L-1 had the highest fresh weight (33.977 g) and dry weight (3.487 g) content and also resulted in an increase in leaf size (length 8.933 mm and width 4.477 mm). However, with the increment of Fe concentration to 12 mg L-1 + 10 mg L-1, these traits showed a significant decrease, as well as the highest content of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids were obtained at a concentration of 6 mg L-1 of Fe + 5 mg L-1 of Zn, which showed an increase of 289, 687 and 406% compared to the plants treated with the lowermost Zn and Fe concentration, respectively, and the lowest values of chlorophyll a and b, and carotenoids were found in the control plants, the protein content varied from 1.038 mg g-1 FW in the lowest treatment to 4.256 mg g-1 FW in the 12 mg L-1 Fe + 5 mg L-1 Zn treatment, the highest total soluble content was observed in 6 mg L-1 Fe + 5 mg L-1 Zn, which was led to an increase of 72%. The lowest total soluble carbohydrate was also observed in the control plants. The highest and lowest total antioxidant activity was recorded in 12 mg L-1 Fe + 5 mg L-1 Zn (10.75%) and the control spinach plants (6.705%), respectively.

Increasing the Zn concentration up to 10 mg L-1 caused a reduction in growth parameters and the content of photosynthetic pigments and elements of K and Fe in leaves and roots. However, the measured trait concentration for the studied treatments was higher than in the control plant. The present results showed that the spinach plant is somewhat resistant to the high concentration of Zn micronutrient. Based on the obtained results, Fe and Zn treatments combined were more effective for promoting healing than separate treatments. 6 mg L-1 of Fe and 5 mg L-1 of Zn was the most effective treatment.

Barley is one of the most important sources of livestock feed and is tolerant to drought and salinity. Salinity of water and soil resources is one of the most important agricultural problems in Iran. In salinity conditions, the availability of nutrients in the soil solution is reduced due to the high concentration of chlorine and sodium ions, which leads to disturbance in the nutrition and upsetting of the balance of plant nutrients. Therefore, the role of proper nutrition in these conditions is very important to help maintain the balance of nutritional elements and provide the proper growth and plant performance (Ahmadi et al., 2006). Due to the reduction of fresh water resources and the increase of fresh water consumption on the other hand, the access to water with suitable quality for agriculture is very limited (Mahlooji et al., 2018). It is obvious that in such conditions, it is inevitable to use water of poor quality for the production of agricultural products. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of studying the effect of chelate and nanozinc solution spraying on the yield and growth indices of three barley cultivars under irrigation water salinity conditions. In order to investigate the effect of irrigation water salinity and foliar application of chelate and zinc nano oxide on yield and some growth indices of barley cultivars, an experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with arrangement of split blocks with three replications at the station Rodasht salinity research was conducted in Isfahan.Three water irrigation quality including w1=control, 1-2 dS/m (low salinity), W2=10 dS/m (common salinity in the region), W3=18 dS/m (high salinity) were evaluated in vertical factors. The horizontal factors were foliar spraying including (nano zinc-oxide, chelated zinc, mixture of nano and chelated and water spraying as a control). Three different barley including (Morocco as a moderate semi sensitive, Nosrat as a moderate tolerant and Khatam as a tolerant) cultivars spilted within vertical factors. Statistical analyzes and graphs were performed using SAS and Excel software and comparisons of means were performed using LSD test. The results showed that with increasing salinity of irrigation water, grain yield, dry weight (DM), crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area ratio (LAR) and specific leaf area (SLA) decreased. Foliar application of Zinc element compared with no Zinc increased TDM, RGR, CGR, LAR and grain yield. Khatam cultivar was superior to Morocco cultivar due to its DM, RGR, CGR, LAR, SLA and higher grain yield.Among physiological indices, SLA showed a positive and significant correlation with grain yield (r2 = 0.97). Overall, in order to increase plant growth indices as well as grain yield of barley under salinity irrigation water, foliar application of zinc fertilizer and the use of Khatam cultivar (salt-tolerant) is recommended. In general, the results showed that with increasing irrigation water salinity, grain yield, total dry weight, crop growth rate, leaf area ratio and specific leaf area of ​​barley decreased. Foliar application of zinc element compared to check (control) caused an increase in dry weight, relative growth rate, crop growth rate and leaf area ratio, and grain yield. Khatam variety was more tolerant to salinity due to its dry weight, relative growth rate, product growth rate and leaf area ratio, specific leaf area and grain yield compared to other varieties. It seems that the absorption of zinc from the soil by the plant roots is disturbed in the saline irrigation conditions, so the plant has shown a positive and appropriate reaction to the foliar application of zinc, which ultimately increases the growth and yield. He brought the plant with him. In general, it seems that in order to increase the growth indices and also the yield of barley grain under irrigation water salinity conditions, foliar feeding with zinc fertilizer and the use of Khatam variety are recommended.

Secondary metabolites are a diverse group of molecules that help to compatibility of plants especially in face of stress. Flavonoids and anthocyanins are parts of these compounds. In this study, effect of manganese (concentration of 80 ppm) on enzymatic and non-enzymatic activity rates of cum, 18-21 days after germination, was measured at 4 different times of 0 (control), 24, 48, 72 and 92 hours after stress applying. All of the experiments were performed with 3 independent replications and completely randomized design. Analysis of variance and comparison of means were done using SAS after measurement of different concentrations. Due to manganese stress, content of total flavonoid and anthocyanin and activity of some antioxidant enzymes increased significantly compared to control, as the most enzymatic and non-enzymatic activity rates were observed 48 hours after stress applying. Guaiacol peroxides enzyme showed the most and the least activity rates 24 hours (88.24% higher than control) and 96 hours after stress, respectively. Total results showed that increased flavonoid and anthocyanin after stress applying were consequences of oxidative stress originating from manganese absorption and activation of plant antioxidant system.