جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تلفات کمباین » در نشریات گروه « منابع طبیعی »

Sesame harvesting is mainly done manually due to the use of dehiscence cultivars and high seed loss in mechanized harvesting. In recent years, with the introduction of non-dehiscence cultivars, the mechanized harvesting of sesame has become possible. In this study, the traditional and mechanized methods of sesame harvesting were investigated in terms of seed loss, cost, energy consumption and time required for harvesting. Data of traditional system were collected from farmers in Dezful, Shush and Andimeshk counties and data of mechanized system were obtained from Shahid Rajaei Agricultural production Company in Dezful. In the mechanized harvesting, the seed loss were measured in three amounts of seed planting rates (5, 10, and 12 kg/ha) and three ground speeds of the combine harvester (1.5, 2 and 2.5 km/h). The average seed loss in the combine was 4.83%, of which more than 94% was related to the combine header. The findings showed that with the increase in plant density, seed loss in combine is greatly reduced. The average labor in traditional harvesting was 315 labor-hours, which was 98 times more than in the mechanized method. The average cost of harvesting in traditional and mechanized methods was calculated as 49.4 and 2.7 million rials/hectare in 2019, respectively. The input energy in traditional and mechanized harvesting was 2088 and 1510 MJ/ha, respectively, that in the traditional method, human energy was the major part of the input energy. The results showed that the use of non-dehiscence cultivars and mechanized harvesting allows the development of sesame cultivation.

Wheat is one of the strategic crops that have been harvested in recent years by advanced combine harvesters. In this study, traditional combines were evaluated in terms of natural losses, head and back losses, field capacity, purity percentage and yield in field conditions in Qom (Iran). The total number of combine harvesters in this area was 110 out of which 20 samples with the experimental design of completely randomized design were selected. 35% of samples were New Holland Combine harvester TC5070, 30% John deer JD1055, 15% JD1165 and the remaining (20%) were New Holland TC5080, John deer JD955, JD1450 and Sampo 3065L. In terms of losses rates in different parts of the harvesters, 0.06% was related to the back of the machine and 1.35% of it was related to the head. The natural losses rates was 1.66% and total losses was 3.07% in this province. Three traditional combine harvesters (TC5070, JD1165 and JD1055) were compared statistically. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the harvesters in terms of field capacity at  5% level. The effective capacity of the TC5070, JD1165 and JD1055 combines was 1.23, 0.88 and 0.83 ha.h-1,respectively. According to the results, it is recommended to use JD1165 and TC5070 combine harvesters due to their low losses, acceptable purity percentage and suitable field capacity.