جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « فسفر » در نشریات گروه « منابع طبیعی »

Legumes are the second most important food source in the world after cereals. Beans are very effective in stabilizing nitrogen and fertility of agricultural soil due to their coexistence with bacteria, and large amounts of nitrogen are added to the soil every year after harvesting this plant. Environmental factors, especially drought stress conditions, play a major role in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of crops. Reduction of available water, especially at the beginning of the flowering stage and the occurrence of drought stress in legumes, while reducing the rate of vegetative growth and shortening the stage of reproductive growth has a negative effect on grain quality. Nutritional deficiencies in plants cause them to be sensitive to environmental stresses. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture to provide the phosphate needed by plants has always caused adverse environmental effects and has led to a decline in the quality of agricultural products. However, the use of biofertilizers has many benefits over chemical fertilizers. Therefore, considering the importance of the above, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of biofertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer on bean plant elements in drought stress conditions. An experimental split-split plot with three replications was performed to investigate the effect of bio-fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer application on nutrient uptake in roots, stems, and seeds of beans under drought stress in season 2016-2017 in Ilam city. Treatments included three levels of irrigation interruption (non-stress conditions, cut off in flowering stage, and cut off in pod formation stage) in the main plot and three levels of phosphate fertilizer (25, 50, and 100 kg. ha1) and application and non-application of biofertilizer. Drought stress treatment in this experiment was performed by stopping irrigation in two stages of full flowering and podding. All phosphorus fertilizer related to each treatment was applied to the ground at once during cultivation. After germination and establishment of the plants in the 2-4 leaf stage, the plants were thinned and one plant was kept in each pile. Weed control was done manually in two stages before flowering. The results showed that the highest nitrogen concentrations in roots, stems, and seeds under non-stress conditions (full irrigation) were 1.12, 1.77, and 3.19%, respectively. Also, the lowest nitrogen concentrations of roots, stems, and seeds in the cut-off flowering stage were 0.92, 1.46, and 2.63%, respectively. The mean comparison results showed that the highest grain nitrogen concentration in non-stress conditions (full irrigation) was 3.19%, which increased by 21.29% compared to the cut-off irrigation treatment at the flowering stage. The results showed that the highest concentration of root potassium in the conditions of irrigation interruption in the flowering stage and biofertilizer application was 2.63% and the lowest was obtained in the treatment without stress and non-application of biofertilizer (2%). The average comparison results showed that the highest concentration of potassium in the stem was obtained in the condition of cut off irrigation in the flowering stage at the rate of 4.35% and the lowest amount was obtained in the full irrigation at the rate of 3.60%. The results showed that in the treatment of biofertilizer application, the highest concentration of phosphorus in the grain was 0.265 percent, while the lowest in the treatment of non-application of biofertilizer was 0.226 percent.The application of phosphate fertilizer significantly increased the absorption of elements. The application of biofertilizer also significantly increased the concentration of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus in bean plants. In general, the results of this study showed that the use of biofertilizer and phosphate fertilizer could reduce the adverse effects of drought stress on bean plants and increase the absorption of elements in bean organs.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mycorrhiza and phosphorus fertilizer on fruit traits of three almond cultivars of ‘Shahrood 12’, ‘Tonu’ and ‘Supernova’ in a split-split plot experiment base on a randomized complete block design with 54 almond trees and three replications. This research was conducted in Eghlid city during 2016 growth season. Nutrient treatments were included three levels of diammonium phosphate (0, 250 and 500 g/tree) and two levels of mycorrhiza (0 and 500 g/tree). Maximum number of flowers was achieved by using mycorrhiza, in ‘Shahroud 12’ cultivars. The highest number of remained fruit (74), fruit width (1/6 cm) and length (3/7cm), weight of the 100 kernels (450g), leaf phosphorus (0/46%) and oil percent (47%) were observed in ‘Superunova’ by using 500 g diammonium phosphate and 500 g mycorrhiza. Mycorrhiza and phosphate fertilizer significantly enhanced vegetative growth traits such as leaf area, fruit length and width, fruit weight and kernel to skin ratio. The leaf phosphorus concentration and oil percentage of the kernel were increased significantly in response to both fertilization treatments. Based on the results of this research, ‘Superunova’ is considered as a superior cultivar and the most suitable fertilizer for a 10-year-old almond tree under rainfed condition was 500 g diammonium phosphate and 500 g mycorrhiza.

Considering the importance of proper nutrition of mother plant in the production of seeds with high vigor, a factorial experiment was done in a completely randomized design with 3 replications to study the germination characteristics of artichoke seeds which harvested from mother plants treated with chemical and biological fertilizers, in 2013. Chemical fertilizer treatments consisted of three levels (100% chemical fertilizer, 50% chemical fertilizer and control), and bio-fertilizer consisted of 4 levels (control, inoculation with Nitroxin, inoculation with Barvar 2 and inoculation with both bio-fertilizer). The use of chemical and biological fertilizers in the maternal plant had a positive and significant effect on germination and seedlings growth of artichoke. The results showed that among different levels of chemical fertilizer, the highest 1000 seed weight, germination percent, germination rate, vigor Index, plumule dry weight, radicle dry weight, seedling dry weight, radicle length, plumule length, seedling length was obtained in the residual effects of 100% chemical fertilizer + 100 kg nitrogen per hectare. Seed inoculation with both bio-fertilizer had the maximum amount of mentioned attributes. The control level had the highest mean of germination time. It councluded that application of chemical fertilizers along with biological fertilizers can lead to improvement of most germination indices in artichoke plants by increasing the absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus.

Proper nutrition of mother plant plays an important role in the production of seeds with high vigor. Therefore, a factorial experiment was done in a completely randomized design with 12 treatments and 3 replications to study the germination characteristics of cumin seeds which harvested from mother plants treated with different amounts of vermicompost and mycorrhiza fertilizers, in the Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Iran, in 2013. Vermicompost treatments consisted of three levels (0, 5 and 10 tons per hectare), and mycorrhiza fungi consisted of 4 levels (control, inoculation with Glomusmossae, inoculation with Glomusintraradices and inoculation with both species). For most of the germination traits, as well as seed nitrogen and phosphorus content, the effects of vermicompost and mycorrhiza were significant.  Results showed that the highest radicle length (2.57 cm), plumule length (1.61 cm) and vigor index (3.069) of the seeds was achieved by application of 10 ton vermicompost with G. mosseae, the highest seed nitrogen and phosphorus content observedin the application of 10 tons of vermicompost plus inoculation with two fungi, the largest seedling length was observed in application of 10 ton/ha vermicompost without mycorrhiza, the highest germination rate in the treatment of application 5 ton vermicompost without mycorrhiza and the highest germination percentage were obtainedin treatment of 5 tons vermicompost and G. mosseaeOverall, the results of this experiment showed that application of vermicompost and mycorrhiza especially combined treatment of 10  ton/ha verrmicompost plus G. mosseae and G.intraradices could increase uptake of nutritional elements such as nitrogen and phosphorous to seeds and  therefore enhance germination performance in cumin seeds.