جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Cereals » در نشریات گروه « منابع طبیعی »

This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of different organs of Zygophyllum eurypterum on the growth and germination indices of Triticum aestivum and Acroptilon repens. The test treatments included aqueous extracts of Zygophyllum in concentrations of 5,10 and 15% of roots, aerial organs and control. The results showed that with increasing extract concentration, the growth traits and total chlorophyll of both investigated plants significantly decreased. In such a way that the highest and lowest inhibition rates were associated with 15%aerial organs extract and 5%root extract, respectively, but the antioxidant activity of Wheat and Acroptilon increased with increasing levels of root and stem extract of Zygophyllum. The highest level of aerial organs Zygophyllum in Wheat reduced the germination rate by 77.12% compared to the control. However, the germination of Acroptilon seeds completely stopped at the levels of 10 and 15% of aerial organs. By increasing the aerial organs extract concentration to 15%; root length decreased by 49.2% and 52.9% in Acroptilon and in Wheat respectively. The highest amount of antioxidant activity was observed at the level of 15% of aerial organs in both plants, and among this, Acroptilon had more antioxidant activity with 70.32%. Most of the traits including germination percentage, root length and stem length,in Acroptilon weed, were more sensitive to the allelopathic effects of Zygophyllum extract compared to Wheat Based on the results the aerial organs extract of Zygophyllum were more capable to dealing with germination and seedling growth than the root extract.

In order to study the effect of auxin hormone priming on seed germination indices and seedling growth of triticale under salt stress, an experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications in seed science and technology laboratory of plant production and genetics engineering department of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan in 2018. Experimental factors were auxin hormone priming (control (no priming), 5 μM auxin in 3 hours, 10 μM auxin in 3 hours, 20 μM auxin in 3 hours, 40 μM auxin in 3 hours, 5 μM auxin in 6 hours, 10 μM auxin in 6 hours, 20 μM auxin in 6 hours and 40 μM auxin in 6 hours) and different salinity levels (include 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 dS/m). The analysis of variance showed that the effect of priming, salinity stress and the interaction effect of them were significant on all measured traits (except germination percetage) in 1 percent probability level. The comparison of means showed that salinity stress decreased germination traits but hormone priming reduced the negative effect of salinity stress and improved different germination indices. Also, the best concentration of Auxin hormone priming was at 20 μM for 3 hours.

In this study, the physical and economic productivity of water consumed by five crops (wheat, corn, forage corn, barley, and alfalfa) in Tajan plain located in Mazandaran province were investigated. Population growth, rising demand for agricultural products, unfavorable climatic conditions, dwindling precipitation, and water scarcity are among the world's most pressing problems today. According to studies, the global population will reach 7.8 billion by 2025, putting additional pressure on food security, particularly in developing countries where the population will increase by more than 80 percent. Water's physical and economic efficiency is frequently considered in analysis and decision -making. Physical productivity of water is generally defined as crop yield per cubic meter of water consumed, whereas economic productivity is calculated by dividing the net benefit by the amount of water consumed. Recent water shortages and droughts in Iran necessitate the use of appropriate irrigation techniques for crop cultivation in order to increase crop yields and better manage water resources. In this study, two traditional and modern irrigation systems were compared for the production of five crops (wheat, corn, fodder corn, barley, and alfalfa) in the province of Mazandaran's Tajan plain. In addition, the physical and economic water productivity of five crops were evaluated in order to achieve the optimal state (less water consumption, good crop yield, and high income for farmers).

Tajan catchment has an approximate area of 4005.22 km2, of which 3980.75 km2 are located within Mazandaran province and about 25 km2 are located outside the province. Tajan catchment is located eastern longitude of 53 degrees and 7 minutes to 53 degrees and 42 minutes and a northern latitude of 35 degrees and 56 minutes to 36 degrees and 17 minutes. In this study, data and information from Jihad Agriculture and Regional Water Organization were collected, including soil texture, crop water requirement, cropping area, crop yield, crop water requirement, water inflow to the farm, duration and frequency of irrigation, product prices, and investment costs. A two-stage random sampling method was employed based on the available data and information from Tajan, as well as the various cropping areas and irrigation techniques used in this region. For the study, wheat, corn, forage corn, barley, and alfalfa were chosen as crops. Notably, among the crops, corn is not cultivated using conventional irrigation techniques.

In the traditional irrigation method, the highest yield belonged to forage corn and the lowest yield. Additionally, alfalfa had the highest volume of water consumption while barley had the lowest volume of water consumption. In the traditional irrigation method, forage corn and wheat had the highest and lowest Crop Per Drop (CPD) values, respectively. Also, feed corn and barley had the highest and lowest Net Benefit Per Drop (NBPD) values, respectively. Alfalfa and barley had the highest and lowest Benefit Per Drop (BPD) indices, respectively. Therefore, barley and alfalfa, which have the lowest yield and the highest water consumption using the traditional method, are unsuitable for cultivation in this region. Additionally, in the new method, wheat has the lowest water consumption, but its performance is subpar.

Considering the obtained values of physical and economic water productivity of the aforementioned crops in the Tajan plain, it is advisable not to use traditional methods for irrigating the fields under the aforementioned cropping patterns, with the exception of fodder corn. In addition to barley and wheat, the cultivation of fodder corn, alfalfa, and grain corn is also a top priority. The cultivation of barley using either method of irrigation should be eliminated entirely.

In order to evaluate the effect of drought stress on grain yield and yield components in some winter cereals, a factorial experiment in completely randomized with 3 replications was conducted in greenhouse at Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavoos University. The treatments were winter cereals with 6 levels included bread wheat cultivar Kohdasht, durum wheat cultivar Seimareh, six-row barley cultivar Sahra, two-row barley cultivar Khorram, and hull less barley Line 17 and triticale cultivar Javaniloo and drought stress with 3 levels i.e., full irrigation as the control (-0.4 bar), slight water stress (-1 bar) and intensive water stress (-4 bar). Drought stress was imposed in flowering stage. The results showed that the effect of species and drought had a significant effect on all the studied traits while interaction on all studied were not significant. The results of mean comparison showed that the range of grain yield changes between species varied from 1.25 to 2.58 g per plant. The results showed that grain yield in triticale is  more than durum wheat (73%). Also, the comparison between different levels of drought stress showed that with increasing drought stress, all measured traits decreased in the studied species. The results showed that grain yield, biological yield and harvest index decreased by about 32, 72 and 45%, respectively in severe stress conditions compared to the control. The results of this study showed that high biological yield and high harvest index can be considered as important criteria in breeding cultivars of plant species.