جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تغذیه مصنوعی » در نشریات گروه « آبخیزداری، بیابان، محیط زیست، مرتع »

In recent decades, the ever-increasing population, human needs, and changes in the consumption patterns of societies require the planning and management of water resources more than ever. Among the management strategies of underground water resources, we can point out the compensation of these resources through artificial nutrition and exploitation according to the capacity of aquifers. The studied area is located in the Qorve watershed with an area of ​​232.17 km2. In this research, which was carried out in Qorve plain in Kurdistan province, nine parameters of the slope, land use, the thickness of unsaturated alluvium, hydraulic conductivity, distance from the river, geology, electrical conductivity, aquifer transfer capability, and vegetation were investigated. The research method was based on the weighted-linear combination (WLC) method. The weights entered in this method were extracted by the AHP model in Super Decisions software. The results of this method showed that about 23.4% of the total area of ​​the plain and 54.4 km2 have a great value for feeding, and about 19% of the total area of ​​the plain is considered unsuitable.

This project was carried out, in order to food security, according developing agriculture and sustainable natural resources and optimum utilization of water resources with evaluation and quality effects of infiltrated runoff to aquifer.

 In this study use of determine local Pollution Sources, sampling of surface runoff and groundwater in the aquifer that feeds the violation of pollution sources, according to FAO and WHO standards methods for agricultural, domestics and provided layer maps with geographic information system software and quality indexes analysis duration three years. The current research was conducted, for evaluation of transferred run off on water quality aquifer. In this study, were taken seasonal samples from 16 tube wells for determine the concentrations of sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium Ca), magnesium (Mg), chloride (Cl), sulfate (SO4), carbonate (CO3), bicarbonate (HCO3), Electrical conductivity (EC), acidity (pH), total dissolved solid (TDS), in order to determine the water qualitative indicators including, sodium absorption ratio (SAR), percent sodium (%Na), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index (PI), total hardness (TH), were indexes of water quality, The groundwater quality is categorized into various levels based on the FAO and WHO standards for the purpose of irrigation and domestic use respectively.

Contamination view of the BOD5 concentration was measured and all samples in various locations under artificial recharge project located were complete infected for drinking purposes. Amounts of acidity were 6.4 to 8.4, SAR less than 3, Sodium percent less than 40 percent and infiltration index equal 0.39 to 0.68. In terms of drinking water, chloride, sodium, sulfate, were normal and unrestricted, but water hardness was a little beyond the normal Limit. Of view contamination, was measured BOD5 concentrations in the regional. Concentration of heavy metals, arsenic, aluminum, chromium, cadmium, lead, manganese, iron, zinc and copper were measured and analyzed then were less than normal level and were complete suitable for various activities.

The implementation of artificial recharge project has a positive effect on the aquifer recharge of the region and the aquifer water of Sefiddasht- Faradenbeh plain is suitable for irrigating the agricultural lands of the region and does not have any restrictions.

Despite the high capacity of groundwater resources in confronting different stresses such as climate change, rapid population growth, and greater need for water resources, especially in arid and semi-arid countries such as Iran, the over-exploitation of these valuable resources have caused a negative balance of groundwater, upset the natural balance of aquifers, and created many problems in many parts of the country. In arid and semi-arid areas, artificial groundwater recharge can be used to balance the aquifer and restore groundwater resources. In the current study, after conducting a review on the artificial groundwater recharge methods as one of the effective ways to restore the aquifers, the artificial recharge schemes were examined with emphasis on national research projects. The literature review demonstrated that the artificial groundwater recharge schemes are primarily conducted by the floodwater spreading method in the country, which in most cases, acts as an effective process to balance aquifers. This approach may play a significant role in achieving sustainable water management in Iran due to the highest efficiency and lowest cost. The results showed that the type of aquifer, hydrogeological conditions, the type of geological formation, the slope of the region, and the economic conditions are the most important factors in selecting the artificial groundwater recharge method. The results also indicated that comprehensive studies are crucial to select the location and method of artificial groundwater recharge to achieve the desired results and successful efficiency of the project. Finally, the obstruction and therefore, the decrease of the infiltration rate were identified as the main problems in the implementation of the artificial groundwater recharge projects.

Performance and control are two important components in any executive activity and their purposes are to correct and improve the functions and reduce wasting resources for better productivity and adoption of appropriate techniques that ultimately lead to the development of programs. Therefore, the present study aimed to simulate underground water flow and investigate the effects of artificial water supply projects on the underground water resources of Frizi plain in Chenaran using a mathematical model and MODFLOW code. The studied aquifer model is the most sensitive to changes in hydraulic conductivity and discharge of wells and shows less sensitivity to changes in surface water supply due to rainfall. The artificial water supply scheme of Jamab in the control scenario had caused an annual increase of 453717.6 meters2 of water to the aquifer. The maximum volume of water entering the aquifer system through the artificial water supply of Jamab in 1995-2012 was equal to 1.8 million cubic meters, and according to the control scenario had increased by 1.35 million cubic meters, this amount of supply had increased the average of the water level of the aquifer of Frizi plain compared to the control scenario in the forecast period in 2014, 2015, and 2016 by 0.09, 0.11 and 0.17 m, respectively. The minimum volume of water entering the aquifer through the artificial supply of Jamab in 1995-2012 was in 1995 and 2002, which was approximately equal to 170 thousand cubic meters, which compared to the control scenario had decreased by 283 thousand cubic meters, the estimated revenue in the system obtained during the operation period until 2012 and was equal to 57.5 billion tomans. The profit to cost ratio of the project in terms of all revenues from project ecosystem functions and production was about eleven, which showed that the project was profitable until 2012.

Excessive use of groundwater, especially in agriculture, has led to a drop in aquifer water levels, and along with droughts, has dealt irreparable losses such as drying of karizes, springs, wells and land subsidence. One of the traditional ways of protecting these resources is the use of rainwater catchment systems as an Iranian technique for storage of precipitation. Among water extraction systems, turkey nest dams can be introduced to recharge groundwater aquifers, enable permanent utilization, and prevent drying of springs and karizes. The benefits of using turkey nest dams are the large volume of these reservoirs and reduction of water costs. Turkey nest dams reduce drilling depth and increase capacity. In this research, we consider the application, dimensions, and location of this system. Turkey nest dams can be built near a river. In the Meshnagh sub-basin of Lake Urmia, about 40 deep wells and 4 active karizes discharge nearly 5 Mm3 of water from groundwater aquifers. In order to construct two turkey nest dams with the aim of recharging the wells of the Katkahriz kariz, excavation and earthwork operations were carried out along the Meshnag River in the north of Lake Urmia. The dams had a large diameter of 60 m, a small diameter of 50m, and a height of 3m with a 1:3 slope. The effective capacity of the dams was estimated at 27,000 m3. If technical principles are observed, a dam of this size on soil with coarse grains and alluvial sediments with a minimum porosity of 35% will supply more than 10,000 m3 of water into the main well of the kariz.

The role of artificial recharge projects has always been considered in the sustainability of the region development. In this study, this role has been indicated as sustainability evaluation of Kal project by IUCN method, Classic Delphi method (in classification Verdenburg, with 3 phases and questionnaire) and Snowball method in the pre and post implementation of the artificial recharge project (2009-2016). This method could compare the current and ideal situations of a region. In this research, 6 criteria and 14 indicators have been indicated for the ecosystem and human dimensions (3 indicators for both water and vegetation criteria, and 2 indicators for each of soil, population, poverty and land use criteria). In research, use 16 exports. The results showed that the ecosystem sustainability is in the moderate situation with a slight upward trend (50.07 – 51.03). And, the sustainability of human dimension has improved to relatively stable (50.47 – 61.13). Also, the trend of EC (26 to 21.8), national lands (92 to 83.6) grabbing and changing the land use of rangelands ( 80 to 65) have been decreased. In general, the study area has been in a moderate sustainability situation in both periods.