جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "alkaline soil" در نشریات گروه "آبخیزداری، بیابان، محیط زیست، مرتع"

Salinity is an important environmental stressor that affects plant growth. In saline soils, plants are subjected to some toxic ions and water shortages. Crop residues are considered major organic agricultural wastes that can be useful for the soil and the plants. Organic matter has positive effects on the soil's physical and chemical properties. Converting agricultural wastes to Biochar is an appropriate way to achieve a valuable amendment. Biochar is a carbon-rich decomposition-resistant product obtained by heating biomass in an oxygen-free chamber, being used for carbon sequestration by applying large amounts of carbon.Moreover, as a highly stable residue in the soil, it has been proven to store atmospheric carbon for hundreds to millions of years. According to different studies' findings, the application of Biochar can increase the soil's water-holding capacity, microbial activity, and nutrient availability. However, its effect on soil properties depends on its source and the extent of its application.  As the dependency of Biochar's effects on saline soils' properties in such soils has been under-researched, this study attempted to investigate the effect of palm-tree residues' Biochar on the physical and chemical properties of saline soils.

the required Biochar was prepared from palm trees' residues at 500°C under limited oxygen conditions. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. Biochar was mixed at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% rates with saline soils and incubated with humidity at field capacity for 90 days. Then, the samples were air-dried, and some physicochemical characteristics of the soil were determined. Moreover, the comparison of the means was performed using Duncan's test at a confidence level of 95%.

The results showed that applying the Biochar obtained from palm trees to the soil significantly increased the soil's chemical properties such as electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium while decreased the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and the sodium/potassium ratio. Moreover, while adding Biochar to the soil increased the porosity by 10% and reduced the bulk density by 4%, treatments did not significantly affect pH, available phosphorus, field capacity, and the soil's particle density. Furthermore, adding 2%, Biochar increased calcium concentration in soil by 2.08 times compared to that of the control treatment. It was also found that the changes in the soil's magnesium calcium were similar and that using more Biochar increased magnesium concentration by 2.88 times compared to what was observed in the control treatment (more than the control treatment). Therefore, the study's findings indicated that the available potassium concentration in soil increased significantly following the application of different biochar levels. It was also found that compared to the control treatment, the amount of potassium increased about 12.33 and 18.79 times, respectively, with an increase of bio-dates in 1.5 and 2% treatments. Moreover, the highest increase in sodium was related to applying a 2% biochar date, which was 49.35% more than that of the control treatment. Finally, using 2% biochar reduced the sodium adsorption ratio by 7.6%.

This study showed that palm trees' Biochar improved some saline soil parameters such as SAR, organic matter, and nutrients. Increased EC is due to increased sodium as a destructive factor and other cations such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium as helpful plant nutrients. On the other hand, the sodium to potassium ratio was decreased. Moreover, it was suggested that the potassium was increased more than sodium, and that was why the index was improved. According to the study's findings, Biochar increased porosity due to its high specific surface area.Moreover, using 2% biochar treatment increased the saline soil's organic carbon by approximately three times. Due to the Biochar's low specific gravity, it can be expected that the soil's density is decreased by applying Biochar in soil. However, the increase in Biochar did not significantly affect the soil's particle density, which is probably due to the low weight of biochar particles versus the high weight of the soil's minerals and the amount of Biochar applied. It seems that applying Biochar as an amendment can improve the saline soil's properties and that the size of biochar particles may have different effects on changing the soil's properties, which can be investigated in future researches.

Dust phenomenon is one of the important climatic and environmental hazards in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. The aim of this study is to determine the mineralogical and physicochemical properties of some soil samples in Iraq and dust particles in Ilam province in order to find out the origin of dust. Dust samples were collected from Ilam, Mehran and Dehloran cities. In addition, some surface soil samples were collected from different parts of Iraq as the source of dust. Physico-chemical and mineralogical analysis of dust and soil samples was fulfilled. The results revealed that the highest percentage of particles forming Iraqi dust and dust in Ilam province are sand and silt and clay was the least. Electrical conductivity in all samples was more than 4 dS/m in both samples meaning as saline classes and pH of the samples was similar in dust of Ilam and Iraqi soils, and showed the neutral to alkaline range. The lime content of all samples was more than 25%. Different regions had low organic carbon percentage, the highest rate was in the Iraqi margin (1.18%), and the lowest was in Najaf (0.16%). The SAR of most Iraqi soils was more than 13 and showed severe alkalinity in dust particles, SAR is also relatively high. Mineralogical results showed that dominant minerals in Iraqi soils and dust of Ilam province are calcite, gypsum, quartz and palygorskite. The results of XRD studies in clay samples of Iraqi soil and Ilam province dust indicated the presence of minerals such as kaolinite, chlorite, ilite and smectite. Overally, the results of physical, chemical, and mineralogical analysis indicated that desert regions in Iraq are the sources of dust production in Ilam, and that dust storms can lead to salinity and alkalinity of the surface soil in Ilam province.

This research investigated the relationship between soil factors and under ground water level with distribution of Halostachys caspica pall. in saline, alkaline and semi-arid rangelands of Gomishan in Golestan Province. So that this region divided into three regions high dense, semi dense and without precence. In each region, 3 transects (100m) provided randomly. Then soil profiles were holed on onset, midle and the end of the transect in 0-30 and 30-60 cm systematically. Also under ground water level determined by digging some holes in three regions. Soil physicochemical factors and under ground water level compared in three regions high dense, semi dense and without precence by One-Way Anova and Duncan test. Also contrastive effect of depth and three regions analyzed by GLM test. The result indicated that there was a significant relationship on 1% level between three regions of high dense, semi dense and without precence of H. caspica in terms of sand, EC, pH, CaCo3, OM and SAR. Also there was a significant relationship on 1% level between soil physicochemical factors (exept CaCo3) in two depth. The result showed that all the soil physicochemical factors have significant contrastive effect on 1% level. Also the result showed that there was a significant relationship on 1% level between under ground water level in three regions. So that under ground water level in high dense region was more than the other two regions. On the whole the result showed that distribution of H. caspica would be more by increasing of sand percentage, EC, pH, CaCo3, OM, SAR and under ground water level.