جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "bakhtiari province" در نشریات گروه "آبخیزداری، بیابان، محیط زیست، مرتع"

The most important goal of the protected areas of a country or region is to protect examples of the most valuable elements of biodiversity in this network. Therefore, the network of protected areas usually needs to be evaluated and revised in terms of the criterion of "representativeness" for the total biodiversity and optimization planning in terms of this criterion if need. in the present study, the representativeness of the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari protected areas network has been evaluated in terms of vegetation types and an optimal distribution has been proposed for these areas. For this purpose, first, based on the rarity and species diversity, a minimum percentage of each type that should be introduced in the protected areas was determined as conservation goals. Then, the current protection status of vegetation types and their protection deficits or excesses were determined by overlaying the maps of protected areas and vegetation types. Using the Marxan, a decision support software, a network of proposed areas that meet the vegetation types conservation goals, as much as possible in the minimum area, were identified. The results showed that determined conservation goals meet only for 37 out of 106 vegetation types by existing protected areas. In order to meet the determined goals for all vegetation types, taking into account the existing protected areas, 14.47% and 30.07% of the total area of ​​the province are needed in the optimal and summed solutions, respectively. Without considering the existing protected areas, 19.086% and 37% of the total area of ​​the province are needed in the optimal and summed solution, respectively. Also, the results showed that the existing and proposed protected areas overlap by 8.5% in the optimal solution and 12.85% in the summed solution. Also, most of the priority areas for protection are located in the eastern half of the province from north to south.

This research has been carried out with the aim of investigating the use of gravelly filters in rainfed gardens on sloping lands in order to optimize infiltration and increase soil moisture storage in the conditions of using micro catchment systems during the years 2013-2018 in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The research rejoin has an average annual rainfall of 300 mm, soil with silty clay loam texture, and an average slope of 15%. Towards this attempt, micro catchments were made with five different treatments including a removed surface with and without using a gravelly filter, an isolated surface with and without using a gravelly filter, and the control treatment(natural surface), along with three cultivars of almond(Rabie, Mamaei, and Shahroud 21) and were constructed in 5 repetitions. The soil moisture at the depths of 25, 50, and 75 cm of the seedling hole in each of the systems was accurately measured and recorded using a TDR device. In order to determine the role of filters and to determine the difference between similar treatments with the different presence or absence of gravelly filters in them, Paired-Samples T-Test was used in SPSS software. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the treatments with filter and without filter in terms of soil moisture percentage. In other words, using the gravelly filter in the seedling pit will optimize the infiltration of extracted runoff into the soil, increase humidity in the place of tree root development, and increase its growth. Therefore, it is recommended to use the gravelly filter in the seedling pit in the conditions of using rainwater catchment systems.

Climate change affects many plants and animals by changing the growing season or temperature patterns that stimulate life cycle changes. Hordeum bulbosum is widely distributed in the Zagros region, especially under the storey of western oak forests in the vegetation zone of the Irano-Turanian region, and is considered as an important species for rangeland restoration and improvement. In this study, the effect of climate change on the geographical distribution of this species was assessed in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, located in central Zagros region. For this purpose, 73 points of presence were recorded using the global positioning system (GPS). In addition,11 environmental variables including bioclimatic, physiographic and landuse variables were used in the modeling process. Ensemble modeling include artificial neural network model, generalized boosting method, generalized linear model, flexible discriminant analysis, random forest and multivariate adaptive regression. Finally, the most reliable model was determined as the random forest model. The final forecast for 2070 is based on three scenarios of increasing greenhouse gases (SSP126, SSP370, and SSP585) as well as two general circulation models 9GFDL-ESM4 and MRI-ESM2-0). Findings showed that 25% of the study area is currently identified as suitable habitat for Hordeum bulbosum, and the most effective variables in species distribution are the Annual precipitation, mean temperature of the wettest quarter, and Total rainfall is the hottest season of the year. It is also predicted that based on GFDL-ESM4 and MRI-ESM2-0 models, 27.32% (SSP370) - 31.02% (SSP585) and 26.06% (SSP370)-31.68% (SSP585) of the suitable habitats will be reduced, respectively, by 2070 due to climate change. The present and future habitat maps prepared in this study can be used for the development and implementation of the given species’ management and conservation plans.

drinking and industrial sectors are very emphasis in our country. Agricultural activities have a very high contribution in harvesting of groundwater aquifers. So, today, irregular extraction of these sources caused to decrees the quantitative and qualitative aquifers characteristics. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of meteorological drought on groundwater quality and quantity in Lordegan plain in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. For this purpose, quantity and quality of groundwater data (20 piezometric wells) and precipitation data (7 rain gauge stations) from the regional water supply company of the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province was obtained. Then, using Run-Test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, homogeneity and normality of the data were tested. In the following, the DIP software was used to estimate the standardized precipitation index (SPI). Groundwater Resource Index (GRI) was calculated using Excel formulation software. The results of this study showed that the Groundwater Resource Index (GRI) for most years was mild and moderate, and less severe and very severe droughts. Also, based on the standardized precipitation index (SPI), most droughts were mild to moderate. Thus, according to SPI and GRI indices, the plain experienced meteorological and groundwater droughts. Spatial meteorological and groundwater drought maps indicate that drought has been occurred in central and eastern, also in eastern and northeast part of plain, respectively.

Watershed management plans are being implemented to maintain water resources as huge resources of the country and in accordance with the development of watersheds and achieving sustainable development. The most successful watershed management plans are those plans that have been able to coordinate the watershed objectives and the needs of the people. Basically, programs that are not popularly supported do not have the capability and enforceability Participation, co-operation and informed and responsible presence of residents of watersheds in promoting different programs and affairs can ensure the sustainable management of watersheds. Current research project was accomplished in order to investigate and understand the residents' willingness to participate in watershed management and its influential factors, as well as to identify areas for attracting the participation of watershed residents in appropriate watershed management activities using appropriate participatory tools and techniques, in the Ben watershed in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province. The research was conducted in a field observation and answer to questionnaire by the residents of the catchment area. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS software. Based on the results, the participation of watersheds is directly related to the adaptation of watershed management activities to the needs of villagers and their knowledge about the benefits of watershed management projects .

The effective role of environmental resources in continuing the process of sustainable development and preservation of human life has led to economists focusing on the non-market roles of these resources. Awareness of the amount of benefits which are exited from the society by destroying environmental resources motivates the protection and support of these valuable natural treasures in the society. Awareness of the benefits of environmental resources requires the valuation of these resources. The aim of this study was to evaluate the economic functions of carbon sequestration, oxygen and forage production in Gandomanwetland with an area of 980 hectares with a sustainable management approach. For this purpose, a 200-meter transect was established in the representative areas of three plant types of Juncus inflexsus-Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus longus-Cladium mariscus, and Phragmites australis, and a total of 30 plots of one square meter were randomly placed along the transects. Then, in each plot, in addition to soil sampling, the percentage of canopy cover of all plant species, litter, rocks, and pebbles was estimated. Also, the aerial biomass of the plants was cut at a distance of one centimeter above the soil surface and then collected and dried in 50% of the plots. Plant carbon storage was measured using the electric furnace method and soil organic carbon was measured using the Walkley-Black method. The amount of oxygen production was also calculated based on the amount of plant dry matter. Based on the results of this research, the amount of carbon stored in the plant biomass and soil and the amount of oxygen production were determined separately by plant types. The results indicated that the annual average forage production was 14.8 tons per hectare. Also, the amount of carbon stock and oxygen produced in the whole Gandman wetland was equal to 8.9 and 22.4 tons per hectare per year, respectively. The carbon stored in the wetland soil was estimated at 554.7 tons per hectare. Therefore, the economic value of Gandman wetland per hectare per year for forage production, carbon sequestration, and oxygen production was 72728345, 9 9457140, and 11189600 Rials, respectively. The economic value of carbon stored in the soil of Gandman wetland was 589,424,220 Rials per hectare.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province with one percent of total area in Iran, covers 10 percent of total precipitation. Also, Karoon and Zayandehrood rivers are originated from this province. In recent years, the different watershed operations have been performed to control and maintain surface water in the province. This research analyzed effective factors on rural participation in watershed management operations in Monj-Bideleh Basin of Lordegan in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. Required data were compiled with questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS. The results showed that relationship between age, main gob and experience in agriculture with participation is negative and insignificant. In contrast, the relationship between satisfaction, social versatility, socio-economic situation, membership in public institutes and village, and use of informational resources with participation is positive and significant in one percent. The results of multiple regression estimation in stepwise indicate that knowledge of the objectives and characteristics of the watershed management plan has the highest portion in participation in watershed management activities.

Broujen township is located at an area of ​​2755 square kilometers(16 percent of the area of ​​Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province) 65 kilometers from the province center(Shahrekord). In 2016, this township had 122483 inhabitants in the form of 36,238 households. In recent years, various watershed management activities have been implemented at the provincial level or planned for implementation in order to control and maintain surface water and optimize their use. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the factors affecting the participation of rurals in watershed management in Cheshmeh Zainal watershed of Broujen township in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The data collection tool was a questionnaire and the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics and analyzed by SPSS software. The results show that there is a negative and non-significant relationship between age (r = -0.136) and the experience of people in agriculture(r = -0.032) with their participation in watershed activities. Also, there was a positive and significant relationship between social versatility(r = 0.43), socioeconomic status(r = 0.57), membership in rural public institutions(r = 0.36) and use of information resources(r = 0.37) with respondents' participation in watershed activities at one percent. The results of multi regression analysis in stepwise method indicate that the level of awareness of the goals and characteristics of watershed projects has the highest role(0.53) in the participation rate of the respondents in the watershed management activities.

Present research has been executed in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiary Province during 5 years in order to develop and establish hillside orchards using rainwater harvesting catchments. The region receives 300 mm of rainfall annually and has a moderate soil texture. Towards this goal, in a rangeland with a slope of 20 percent, microcatchments were made with 5 different treatments including removed surface vegetation with gravelly filter, removed surface vegetation without gravelly filter, isolated surface with gravelly filter, isolated surface without gravelly filter, and natural surface, with 5 replicates and 3 cultivar of almond (Rabi, Mamaei and Shahrood 21). Vegetation indices were measured after cultivation of saplings in the lower part of microcatchments. Statistical analyses show that there is a significant difference between different microcatchments at the 99% confidence level. The results showed that the means of variables are the lowest on the natural surface treatment and the highest in the isolated surface with gravelly filter treatment. The mean value of diameter of stem, height, canopy area, and fruit yield are respectively 40.5 mm, 180 cm, 1.45 m2  and 1233.7 gr in the isolated surface with gravelly filter treatment. Using a system with an isolated surface and a gravelly filter can supply plants’ water needs. So utilization of isolated surfaces with gravelly filters can be recommended in supplying water for hillside orchards in watersheds using rainwater harvesting systems.

Livestock grazing can lead to changes in plant composition. In this study, the effect of four grazing intensities including heavy, moderate, light and no grazing (exclosure) were studied on vegetation indices in order to improve management practices and proper planning for sustainable use of rangelands in Karsanak and Bardeh area in Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari province of Iran. Therefore, vegetation sampling was done to record canopy cover percentage and vegetation composition under four grazing intensities. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, t-test,andordination method (CCA) to assess vegetation changes under different grazing intensities. Results showed that plant species such as Agropyron repens, Bromus tomentellus, Astragalus effuses and Poa bulbosa were more found in exclosure and light grazing area.The major species found in heavy grazing area were Boissiera squarrosa, Echinops leiopolyceras, Sisymbrium irio and Euphorbia heteradenia. Due to the vegetation damage and reduction of palatable species, a moderate grazing is recommended in the study rangeland.

In recent years not only the total amount of precipitation decreased but also the proportion of the annual precipitation toward to snowfall has decreased. Instead, the precipitation with low amounts has been increasing than the precipitation with more amounts. These conditions increase the rate of evaporation from the soil surface and reduce the amount of water penetration into the soil. Snow due to white color and reflection of sunlight adsorbed lot of sun heat and therefore it can be protected amongst surface evaporation. Snow also as cover layering on the ground surface and gradually melting and consequently infiltrating in to the soil, is more effective than rain. Due to the possibility of harvesting and utilization of water from snow, be fit for investigating, identifying and using a variety of useful and effective methods of harvesting the snow melt water. Precipitation of snow on the ground sits almost uniform in each region. But if snow mass do not have enough adhesions that particles detach and transport by wind flow and finally accumulate at rest places. Fresh snow usually lacks adequate adhesion is therefore easily to transported by windfows. Places of deposition and accumulation the snow particles have more affected on possibility and water harvesting methods. If the position of deposition snow particles select well, can harvest more water. Toward to implementation of the project aimed to investigate the rate of accumulation and snowmelt in the cervix, Chari located in Chahar-Mahal and Bakhtiari Province which studied for 6 years. Valuable results and experiences has been obtained from mentioned project. In this paper method of trapping, snow deposition and accumulation and structures of using the water obtained from snow melt is presented.