جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « labor » در نشریات گروه « آبخیزداری، بیابان، محیط زیست، مرتع »

In the last decade, various aspects of groundwater resource depletion have gained a special place among water sector experts and decision makers. Research in this area is relatively new in most parts of the world. Groundwater depletion, which has been in a concerning state for most plains in Iran in recent years, has various consequences which impede sustainable development. One of the most important consequences of the dropping groundwater table is its impact on the economy of the agricultural sector. A problem that, despite its obviousness and bi-directionality, has rarely been quantified. In this research, it is attempted to simulate the status of groundwater resources under the influence of continued groundwater overdraft until 1420 (2041), on the basis quantitative (harvestable water) and qualitative (electrical conductivity) effects on the economic status of agricultural sector using cultivation area indices. We examine agricultural products, their performance, farmers’ income, and labor force. Questionnaires were used to estimate costs and incomes and the results of combined modeling of surface and groundwater in Neishaboor plain were used to estimate the amount available water. The model predicted a decrease of up to 24 m in water table and an average increase in salinity of 5500 mmhos/cm for the Neishaboor plain. The effects of the occurrence of these events was then modeled. Based on models for cropping patterns, water-yield equations, and salinity patterns, we estimated a 30% reduction in area under cultivation, a 65% decrease in crop yields, and a 28% decrease in labor force by 2041. Over the next 20 years, these impacts will significantly reduce revenues in the agricultural sector in Neishaboor plain, which will pose important secondary problems and consequences.

This article describes a research aiming to investigate factors affecting community participation and to predict community acceptance of vegetation-based management scenarios in the Hable-rud River Basin. The Hable-rud River Basin which is a transboundary basin is extended between Tehran and Semnan provinces in Iran. In this research, vegetative management scenarios include: the current condition, terracing, saxaul plantation, riparian restoration, forage growing, bunch seeding, contour furrowing, tree plantation, grazing exclusion, seeding, drill seeding, orchard development, and agroforestry. Through an interview with the stakeholders of the basin, a predefined questionnaire was completed for each respondent separately. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were tested. On the basis of Cochran formula, 379 respondents were chosen in a stratified sampling scheme among the local communities of the basin. The factors influencing people's participation in various districts of the basin were investigated. The community acceptance level of watershed management actions was quantified using binomial probability distribution. Financial support policies of the government were identified as the most effective factor in community participation for the study area that attained the highest value in the viewpoint of people living in Sorkhe and Ivanakey districts. Community participation was evaluated in four forms including support by heart, labor support, financial support, and labor and financial support. The analysis indicates that scenarios of agroforestry and orchard development have the highest level of labor and financial support. Central Firoozkooh and Central Damavand districts have maximum labor and financial support level. The results of the binomial distribution analysis show that scenarios of agroforestry and orchard development have highest preferences among the local communities of the Hable-rud river basin. The results of this research can be used by managers and decision makers to promote soil and water resources protection as well as to promote the adoption of management actions at the watershed scale.