جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « مهاجرت » در نشریات گروه « آبخیزداری، بیابان، محیط زیست، مرتع »

In the last decade, the migration of rural villagers and residents has made it clear that some villages are empty. In this context, the continued migration of rural residents to urban areas requires a review of lifestyles and incomes in the area, in order to be aware of the construction. Access to environmental problems and sustainable development depends on an understanding of the natural, social, cultural and economic development of a village and a careful planning and strategy in the field. In order to achieve the best strategic strengths, weaknesses, and threats the village was identified and characterized. In order to identify and characterize the best strategic strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities in rural areas. SWOT and ANP models were then used to assess the most appropriate strategies in decision-making and evaluation of the potential. The model results showed that aggressive competitive strategy is the best strategy. Based on the results obtained using the best network analysis processes to improve the lives of villagers and the potential new applications of public facilities such as greenhouse cultivation in the region. The SWOT model of strategy formation of cooperatives and the efforts and participation of locals in the production and sales strategies of government grants and self-educated class of his employment and occupation job with a score of 20 as the priorities of the Executive. Because many rural development activities in Iran are related to climate, the ANP models should consider the interactions among the factors considered in deciding the performance.

Desertification combating projects are usually developed and implemented to protect water and soil and keep sustainable development of local communities. Therefore, evaluating the socio-economic effects of such projects is highly important for identifying and addressing the challenges involved in this regard and perpetuating their positive effects. Thus, this study sought to evaluate the socio-economic effects of the desertification projects and plans implemented in the southeastern region of Ahvaz in 2021.

this study used the documentary method to investigate the theoretical dimensions of the subject and a survey method to collect the required quantitative data. The study's statistical population consisted of two groups of rural residents and experts familiar with the study area. Based on Cochran's formula and matching with Krejcie and Morgan's table, 335 rural residents were selected to participate in the study, using random sampling. Moreover, 26 experts participated in completing the questionnaires and conducting the research. After confirming the questionnaire's validity, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained as 0.86 and 0.83 for rural residents and experts, respectively. On the other hand, the prioritization of the economic and social effects of the projects was performed through the average rankings. Finally, the mean comparison of the viewpoints of rural residents and experts was assessed through a Mann-Whitney test.

According to the study's results, improving the employment opportunities and job creation, increasing the price of land in the region, and reducing the migration incentives are ranked first to third in terms of priority from the rural residents' viewpoints with the average values of 4.20, 4.15, and 4.12, respectively, followed by the influence of water and soil protection, dust reduction, and the participation of the local community in the implementation of desertification combating plans and operations, respectively. Moreover, the analysis of the experts' opinions showed that water and soil protection, dust reduction, increases in land prices, improvement of employment opportunities, reduction in migration incentives, and increases in the level of the local and rural communities' trust in goals and programs of executive departments were the most important effects of project implementation in the region with the average values of 4.46, 4.31, 4.19, 4.15 and 4.11, respectively.The mean values of the desertification combating projects were compared between the rural residents' viewpoints and experts' opinions using the Mann-Whitney test, revealing a statistically significant difference between the opinions of rural residents and experts in terms of the effects of water and soil protection and dust reduction, increases in the villagers' revenues, diversification of the villagers' income sources, and strengthening the cooperation and social cohesion among local communities. All of these items had a higher average rank in the experts' viewpoint except for "strengthening the cooperation and social cohesion among local communities. Experts significantly out-evaluated the consequences of the implemented combating desertification projects concerning the water and soil protection, dust reduction, increases in the villagers' revenues, and creation of a variety of new income resources compared to the rural residents. In other items regarding the effects of the projects, no statistically significant difference was found between the viewpoints expressed by residents and experts. As for the economic effects, there was a statistically significant difference between the experts' and rural residents' viewpoints (P<0.05), with the implementation of projects having more significant prominent effects in the experts' view. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the viewpoints offered by experts and residents in terms of the social effects of combating desertification projects (P>0.05).

According to the viewpoints expressed by both experts and rural residents, water and soil protection, dust reduction, improvement of job opportunities, increases in the price of land in the studied region, and reduction in migration incentives are the most important economic and social consequences of desertification combating projects. Moreover, the viewpoints of experts and rural residents of the region concerning the economic and social consequences of the projects were close to each other and did not differ significantly, indicating their mutual understanding and intellectual proximity of the issue. Therefore, it appears that strengthening such a relationship helps desertification combating projects to be more successful. The results of this study also showed positive and acceptable effects of the projects in the study area. In fact, the implementation of such projects has improved the conditions for the sustainability and activity of rural communities. However, new plans should be developed for improving the welfare status, increasing the revenues, improving the water quality, increasing the production of crops, and increasing horticulture products. On the other hand, attracting the stakeholders' participation by promoting conservation knowledge and culture, using the potentials and capacities of the region, and providing the necessary facilities and financial support in terms of combating desertification goals and measures can help increase the chances for the success of desertification combating projects.

Watershed management practices have been implemented to avert land degradation and to enhance people's livelihoods in Iran for several years. The successes of these practices have been quite limited and the rates and intensities of adoption on local people haven’t identified. This study has been introduced an approach to consider some socioeconomic parameters from the stakeholders aspect which are important for watershed management decisions. Hasan abdal basin in Zanjan Province was selected as the case study area. The field data has completed with questionnaire instrument. The statistic population of this research was all 280 heads of families of stakeholders which living in this area. Among them, using Morgan table, 160 people were randomly asked questions directly. In this research, the Likert scale was used to analyze and measure the effects. The method of exploitation factor analysis was used to determine the factors. The validity of the questionnaire was calculated in KMO of 0.7 percent. The results of factor analysis indicated that effective parameters are in fore group's including improvement stakeholder participatory, flood control, reducing the migration and improving livelihoods. These fore factors, in general, had more than 67 percent of the total variance. The results showed that although watershed management projects in the region have been able to affect the four factors mentioned, but its manifestation in other aspects of life, such as improving the health of the village, the desire of villagers to stay in the region, improve income generation, reduce costs irrigation and dry farming crops have improved.

Considering importance of natural resources conservation, developing participatory strategies to protect these resources is necessary and fundamental. With public participation in each project, the implementation and conservation of the project is done in short period of time with low cost and more desirable. Main objective of this research is identifying factors influencing on people tendency to participate in watershed projects, which in its nature considers two paradigms of quality and quantity. Statistical population in this research in quantitative part includes all people who live in the Hezarkhani Watershed in Kermanshah province (N=450). 207 persons were selected based on Cochran formula through random sampling method. To collect data a questionnaire was used and it was completed by face to face interview. In this study, content validation was confirmed through counseling with qualified experts, specialists and professors who were familiar with public participation concepts. To determine the sustainability, Cronbach's alpha method was used. Cronbach's alpha for dependent variables was 0.93, for social factors 0.92, for communication factors 0.85 and for economic factors 0.89, which showed that the variables were in line and had high internal coordination. The results of the correlation analysis showed that there is a significantly positive relationship between the dependent variable of public participation in watershed projects with education level, number of livestock and land area and there is negative significant relationship with stakeholder’s age. In addition, the results of the path analysis indicated that land area, education level, economic factors, and number of livestock showed the greatest impact on the willingness of stakeholders to participate. Age, social factors, relationship factors and information sources have minimal impact on the willingness of stakeholders to participation. These factors and items explained 68.6 percent of the participation rate. In order to attract public participation in the projects, it is suggested to increase the incentives and awareness of the stakeholders through conducting training classes, improving mass media programs and exploiting social media.

The concept of land use transition highlights that land use change is non-linear and is associated with other societal and biophysical system changes. Changes in human systems has resulted in changes in the natural system such as changes in land use. Land use change causes not only environmental factors like geography and topography are important, but social factors examined such as population growth or decline as well as changes in land use is a mix of economic, social and physical problems. Human societies and their environment, such as feedback, change, uncertainty and adaptation of interaction is social and biophysical changes associated with land use change is non-linear. Changes in human systems with natural systems, such as changes in land use will change. Landuse change causes not only environmental factors like geography and topography should not be involved in social factors such as population growth or decline as well as changes in land use is a mix of economic, social and physical problems. Migration impacts on economic activity seriously and may be initiate land use changes. this study was conducted To analyze the effects of Taleghan dam construction on developments in a human population and land use change analysis in a natural system,In general it can be suggested that in the years before the Taleghan dam, the area's population has been decreasing And pasture lands in the lower level of the population is in decline, but after the dam construction the lands become values in the area and seasonal population increases.

By increasing in population، water resources become more important. Watershed Management today has an essential role in water supply in arid and semi-arid regions. Study area consists of a watershed with 6100 hectares areas situate in the northeastern of Nikshahr city named Matesang in the southeastern of Iran. The survey data collected by a questionnaire، which its validity was examined by specialists such as professors، watershed and natural resource experts. Using SPSS، software reliability and Cronbach''s alpha between 0. 76 and 0. 78 were obtained for different scales. In order to evaluate the economic impacts of watershed management projects based on benefit-cost ratio analysis and questionnaire method، the Chi-square test was used. The benefit cost ratio of 1. 03 was obtained indicating the economic feasibility of the project. In order to assess the social-economic impacts of watershed management projects in the area questioners and Chi-square test was used. Chi-square test results showed، watershed projects had significant effect by reduction in immigration، flooding، unemployment، and success in flood and sediment control. Watershed management plans، were gained 100% participation satisfaction. The economic debate، results showed the significant reliability of soil and water conservation plans performance on increasing the amount of production، plant cover، the number of animals، water resources، the area of orchards and farmlands and reducing the area of uncultivated lands. In general، this research showed positive multipurpose aspects of mechanical soil and water conservation projects.