جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « درخت خرما » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

Date palm is one of the important crops mainly grown in the arid regions of the Middle East and North Africa as well as in the southern warm and dry areas in Iran. One of the most important factors that reduces the quality and commercial value of date fruit is sunburn disorder during fruit growth and development. Therefore, this research was carried out to evaluate the effect of kraft paper, black, white, and blue cloth, green greenhouse netting, straw bag, and without bag (control) at the khalal stage on the ripening rate and sunburn incidence of cv. Medjool using randomized complete block design with eight replication in in Umm al Tameir research station, date palm and tropical fruits research, Ahvaz, in 2020 and 2021. The bags' ends were open and remained on the trees until harvest. The results showed that the bunch weight, the kimiri, khalal and date fruits proportions were affected by year. In 2021, average bunch weight (5.83 kg), kimiri percentage (8.6%) and khalal percentage (28%) were more than 2020, while in 2020 the percentage of date fruits (10.48%) was more than 2021. The rate of kimiri at harvest was lower in black cloth than in others bags. In 2020, bunch bagging with green greenhouse netting, white cloth, and kraft paper increased rutab rate by 9.81%, 12.99% and 11.37%, respectively, as compared to control. Bagging did not affect fruit size and weight. All kind of bags decreased the incidence of sunburn disorder. Kraft paper bag significantly decreased the percentage of dried fruits to 6.78% as compared to control with 9.93%. The rate of fruit decay was not affected by bagging. Considering the results of this research, it was concluded that black and white cloth bags were more effective in reducing sunburn disorder and fruit decay rate of palm date fruit cv. Medjool.

The increase in population has led to the production of large amounts of agricultural wastes that pollutes the environment. Today, the use of agricultural wastes to extract cellulose and nano-cellulose is increasing. In this study, cellulose and nanocrystalline cellulose were extracted from three types of palm waste, including fibers, leaves and palm clusters and used to identify cellulose and compare it with pure cellulose SigmaAldrich from devices using FTIR, TGA and XRD. Cellulose extraction yield was measured at 25% in palm fibers, 20% in green leaves and 33% in clusters. The FTIR and XRD spectra of isolated cellulose was similar to pure cellulose and the degree of crystallization was in order of leaf > fibers > clusters. The loss of weight for all cellulose samples in TGA charts at 350 oC was similar to that of pure cellulose and the nanoparticle length range of these cellulose was determined by the FE-SEM electron microscope 20 to 36 nanometers.

The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) is the most destructive pest of palm trees. In this research, the anti-ovipositon effect of the leaf extracts of 3 plant species, including Rhazya stricta Decne. (Apocynacea), Ferula assa-foetida L. (Apiaceae) and Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae), together with three plant volatile compounds, including alpha-pinene, eugenol and thymol, were studied on red palm weevil in a choice test. Each leaf extract and volatile compounds were used in 3 doses (1, 5 and 10%). The number of eggs laid by red palm weevil on the treated tissues were compared to that on untreated date core (as control) during 3 days. Anti-oviposition index (AOI) was used to evaluate the effects of different treatments. The results indicated that the number of eggs on treated palm tissues were significantly lower compared with the untreated ones, except when the tissue was treated with 1% of eugenol or 1% of A. indica. The least number of eggs was observed on tissues treated with 10% of thymol (1.5±0.54) and 10% of R. stricta (1.6±0.66). Also significant differences were found among the AOIs of the tested deterrents. The least AOI was seen for F. assa-foetida (33±6) significantly less than those of thymol and R. stricta. The most AOIs were for 10% of thymol (85.63±4.75%) and 10% of R. stricta (83.32±7.70%). These results suggest that thymol, can be used, as oviposition deterrence, for treating wounds produced on palm trunks, to prevent the new infestations by the red palm weevil.

Date palm tree reaction to fertilizer is very slow, due to the trunk nutrients. This fact leads to farmer unwillingness to feed the trees. However, balance fertilizing improves vegetative growth and reduce the period for flowering. This study aimed to assess the effects of manure, chemical and organic sulfur on vegetative characteristics of ‘Piarom’ date palm offshoot in a randomized complete block design with nine treatments and three replications for two years. Treatments consisted of control (no fertilizer), cattle manure at 20 and 30 kgtree, mixed NPK fertilizers at three levels: 150, 150 150, 200 200 250 and 300 250, 250g of nitrogen (ammonium sulfate), phosphate (triple superphosphate), potassium (potassium chloride), and organic sulfur source at three levels, 500, 750, and 1000g per offshoots per year. Analysis of variance showed a significant positive effect (1%) of organic sulfur on increasing vegetative growth. The highest increment in diameter, tree height and trunk, (7.16, 3.23 and 7/61 cm) increment in the number of leaves (7.11), increase in leaf width and length (15.7 and 36.0 cm) were obtained with the highest level of organic sulfur consumption. There was no significant differences among organic sulfur levels. Therefore, using 500g organic sulfur accompanied with 20 kg of manure in the planting bed is recommended to improve growth of rate date palm offshoots.

In this study، mineral oil and kaolin as alternatives to conventional pesticide (diazinon) were evaluated to manage Dubas bug، Ommatissus lybicus de Bergevin، in the field and laboratory. In the field experiment، effect of four treatments was evaluated against population density (first and second nymphal stages) and honeydew production (as main damage) of Dubas bug. A single application of each product was applied at the recommended rates. Results showed that kaolin، mineral oil and diazinon were statistically similar in decreasing the population density and damage of Dubas bug. This result makes kaolin and mineral oil as potential alternatives to conventional insecticides in date palm orchards. In the laboratory، mineral oil was effective on egg mortality. In settling choice test، the ability of Dubas bug to discriminate between kaolin-treated and kaolin-untreated leaflets increased significantly over the time and females laid more eggs on untreated leaflets than kaolin-treated leaflets. Results of no-choice test revealed that the leafhoppers could lay eggs on treated leaflets as many as on untreated leaflets.