جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « فیلترکیک » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

Due to the environmental problems caused by wind erosion, it is necessary to stabilize the dust centers with mulches. The objective of the present study was to determine and compare the optimum vinasse mulches based on mechanical indicators for sensitive soil stabilization to wind erosion. In this research, vinasse (0, 100, 200 g) is combined with bagasse (0, 25, 50 g), ash bagasse (0, 25, 50 g), filtercake (0, 12.5, 25 g), and one-liter water (81 treatments). At first, the treatments were determined in the appropriate range of salinity and acidity (35 treatments) and in the next step, the mechanical indicators have been measured after mulching on laboratory trays (2×30×100 cm). Optimum mulches have been determined based on five indicators by mean comparison (Duncan). The mean comparison showed that treatments 33, 30, 34, 32, and 19 show the mean difference between the groups based on layer thickness, impact resistance, compressive strength, and shear strength properly. It can be concluded that vinasse (100 and 200 g) with 50 g bagasse reduces the crack coefficient greatly, and the application of vinasse, bagasse, and filtercake does not affect the compressive strength and impact resistance.

Today, due to the negative effects of oil mulches on the environment, has attracted a lot of attention the use of environmentally friendly mulches. The purpose of this study is to determine the best combination of vinasse, filter cake, bagasse and bagasse ash as mulch in terms of environmental indicators in the north of Khorramshahr. In this study, 81 treatments were provided with combination of vinasse (0, 100, 200 g), bagasse (0, 25, 50 g), ash bagasse (0, 25, 50 g), filtercake (0, 12.5, 25 g) and one-liter water. In the first step, among 81 treatments, were determined treatments in the appropriate range of salinity and acidity and in the second step, after mulching (35 optimal treatments in the first step) on laboratory trays (2×30×100 cm), have been measured shear strength, compressive strength, impact resistance, surface crack coefficient for optimal treatments with at least three replications. In the third step, the selected mulches are qualitatively scored. In the fourth step, the selected treatments in the previous step are examined in terms of the indicators of heavy elements (cadmium, chromium, lead, zinc, arsenic, mercury, vanadium, nickel), salinity, acidity and chemical properties (calcium, magnesium, sodium, sulfate, chlorine, phosphorus, (Potassium, organic carbon, nitrogen and sodium uptake ratio). In the last step, the treatments were ranked in terms of environmental indicators using the TOPSIS model and the treatment with the highest proximity index was selected as the optimal mulch. The results of TOPSIS model showed that treatment 19 (100 g vinasse, 50 g bagasse, no ash bagasse and 12.5 filter crack) with a proximity index of 0.89 was the first. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of vinasse (100 g) in the optimal treatment will increase the rank of vinasse mulch in terms of environmental indicators with a proximity index of 0.89 and on the other hand, The presence of bagasse and filtercake in the optimal mulch has a significant effect on increasing the shear strength (up to 2 kg / cm2 compared to the control) and reducing the crack coefficient (up to 1.8% compared to the control).

Nowadays, recycling of organic wastes produced in food and medicinal factories by applying them to agricultural lands as organic fertilizers is the focus of attention. The present study was carried out to compare the effect of applying organic wastes of four factories in Fars and Khuzestan provinces and their biochars on some of the chemical properties of a calcareous soil. An experiment was conducted for two months in a completely randomized design based on a factorial arrangement (9 × 4), including 9 organic waste types (filter cake, bagasse, bagasse-biochar, sugar beet, sugar beet-biochar, licorice, licorice-biochar, soybean meal and soybean meal-biochar) at 4 rates of application (0, 1%, 2% and 3% by weight) with three replications. The results showed that interaction effects of organic waste types and rates, on the soil available phosphorus (P), soil DTPA-extractable iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) concentrations and electrical conductivity (EC) were significant. The soil amended with soybean meal had the highest nitrogen (N) and Cu content. Filter cake was a good source for P, zinc (Zn) and Fe and sugar beet pulp was a good source for Mn. There was no significant difference in the amounts of available nutrients between raw organic materials and their biochars. Although the increase in the level of application of these wastes by two to three percent by weight increased the accessibility of these elements, the application of higher levels of these wastes was accompanied by 33% to 166% increase in soil electrical conductivity; so, widespread use of these wastes should be done more cautiously.

Introduction With limited arable land available around the word, some ways can be used to increase the production per unit area to meet the increasing human need for food. In addition to quantity, consideration of quality of products can lead to improve communities’ health. So, in the last few decades, application of organic and bio fertilizers has been taken into account in order to increase quantity of products as well as their quality. Mycorrhiza fungi are the most abundant microorganisms in the soil and are considered as essential factor in sustainable soil-plant system. The use of existing organic and inorganic fertilizers may stimulate the Mycorrhiza-plant root symbiosis and ensure the supply of nutrients to the plant for sustainable production. Filtercake is a main byproduct of sugarcane industry which is obtain during the processing of sugarcane syrup. Filtercake can be transformed into the valuable source of nutrients by biodegradation processes. Many studies have suggested that the use of fertilizers along with Mycorrhiza, especially phosphorous fertilizers, has negative effects on fungi symbiosis with plant root. Regarding this issue, the question arises that due to richness of Filtercake of organic matter, nutrients and microorganisms, is the Mycorrhiza interdependency affected by the addition of this organic manure to the soil? In order to answer this question, the present study was conducted to investigatethe interaction effect of Mycorrhiza(Glomus Intraradices)andFiltercake on coriander (Coriandrum Sativum L.) production. Materials and Methods In order to study the interaction effect of Filtercake and Mycorrhiza on the coriander production, a pot experiment was conducted in factorial completely randomized design with consideration of Mycorrhiza fungi (Glomus Intraradices) treatments at two levels of non-inoculation (m1) and inoculation with Mycorrhiza (m2), Filtercake in three levels of zero (f1), 1.5 (f2) and 3 wt.% (f3) with coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) as experimental plant in 4 replicates in the greenhouse of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan during 2017-2018. Twelve weeks after sowing plants were harvested and considered parameters were measured. Data analysis was performed using SAS. Comparison of the meanings was performed using Duncan's test at 5% level. Excel were used to draw charts and graphs. Results and Discussion The highest plant height and root length were observed in treatment consist of Mycorrhiza and 3% Filtercake. Same trend was observed in case of aboveground (cilantro) and root dry weight. The presence of organic matter, increasing of quasi-hormonal activity and improvement of physical, chemical and biological properties of soil are among the factors that provide favorable conditions for vegetative growth and, as a result, increase plant yield. The application of Mycorrhiza increases concentrations of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in cilantro, at about 103, 40, 16 and 12 percent, respectively, which are about 11, 105 and 31 percent in case of iron, zinc and copper. Mycorrhiza has a positive effect on the nutrients content in plant, which can be attributed to increased absorption through the fungal hyphae and also to the enrichment of the plant's rhizosphere. The concentration of nutrients in cilantro was significantly increased due to increase in Filtercake level. Since most of the nutrients in the soil are immobilized, the addition of Mycorrhiza fungi can help to improve nutrient uptake by increasing the volume of root access and stimulating the mineralization processes. Application of Filtercake along with Mycorrhiza improves the biological status of the fungi. Increasing the level of the Filtercake from 0 to 3 percent increases colonized Root length, Mycorrhiza interdependency and colonization percent by 51, 22 and 28 percent, respectively. According to the results, the use of Filtercake not only does not reduce the Mycorrhiza indices, but also increases them and act as a key factor for encouraging symbiosis of fungi and plant, so contribute to the enhancement of plant growth parameters. Conclusion In most of the studied characteristics, the maximum amount were observed in the treatment containing 3% Filtercake and Mycorrhiza. So, the simultaneous application of Filtercake and Mycorrhiza increased the growth parameters of the coriander. Although both of treatments (Filtercake and Mycorrhiza) have been effective in increasing the concentration of essential elements in aboveground part of plant, the effect of Mycorrhiza on increasing the concentration of phosphorus and zinc is greater than its effect on other elements, which is for iron and copper in case of Filtercake. The use of organic manure, such as Filtercake, even with high nutrient content, cannot affect the Mycorrhiza interdependency and other colonization indices due to the low release rate of these elements into the soil environment. It seems that the combination of Mycorrhiza and Filtercake by increasing the microbial and enzymatic activities in the soil and the separate application of Mycorrhiza and Filtercake by improving the access ability of the nutrients leads to provide better growth of the plant.

Wind erosion is not only a basic geomorphic process of eroding and altering landforms but also one of the main causes of sandy desertification in arid and semiarid areas (Chepil 1945; Nordstrom and Hotta 2004). Single-grained، fine sand dunes are usually composed of none-strength materials with a low water retention that make them susceptible to wind erosion. They lack organic matter and are inherently of low fertility (Ahmadi، 2002). Therefore، sand dunes and drift areas require non-oil artificial covers for their stabilization and that of the vegetation cover (Rezaie، 2009). The covering material types include oil (Rezaie، 2009)، flat crop residues (Chepil، 1944; Bilbro and Fryrear، 1994)، standing residues (Siddoway et al.، 1965; Bilbro and Fryrear، 1994)، pebble (Li et al.، 2001)، cotton gin trash، clay، gravel، picket fence، brush، straw، and hay (Fryrear، 1985). Soil properties including compressive strength، plasticity، compactibility، strength characteristics، elastic modulus، crushing strength، unconfined compressive strength، erodibility، shear strength، and permeability have been investigated for evaluating mulch effectiveness. Improvements have been achieved in sand dune stabilization by decreasing permeability and enhancing strength properties. The effect of soil properties on wind erosion has been studied through shear strength of soil surface which includes a frictional term (due to inter-particle frictional strength) and a cohesive term (due to intrinsic bonds among particles) (Koolen and Kuipers، 1983; Alizade، 2009). As regards the factors influencing soil shear strength، soil particle diameter، bulk density، cohesion، aggregate index، water content، crust، and organic matter have all been found to influence wind erosion (Raji et al.، 2004; Homauoni and Yasrobi، 2011). Based on these observations، it may be hypothesized that soil cohesion caused by mulching operations could be effective in reducing wind erosion. Filter Cake is residue produced in huge amounts by the agro-industry that is composed of cellulosic substances، CaCO3، N، P، K، organic matter، and clay. The objective of this research is feasibility of Filter Cake using as a Khuzestan sugarcane residues for adopted-environmental mulch production. For this purpose، Factorial experiments in completely random design form were conducted that factors included mulch kind (5 organic mulch and oil mulch)، thickness (1 or 2 layers) and precipitation. In this study، Filter cake and clay soil samples (Albaji-Ahvaz) were used to make sugarcane mulches. A sand dune sample was selected as bed for applying the mulch. To select the right ingredient and treatments، Filter cake، clay samples were mixed with water in try and error، and producted suspension sprayed on sand dune bed. Surface surface soil shear strength، penetration resistance، soil adhesion and mulch’s internal frictional angle and erodibility were measured by shear vane، penetrometer، Zhang’s shear device، wind tunnel respectively. The results determined that there is significant effect (p<0. 01) on surface shear strength and penetration resistance in different much and thickness. But there is no significant effect on soil adhesion and mulch’s internal frictional angle because Zhang’s shear device hasn’t essential sensitive to differentiate them. Based on this research، Mulch 1 (50g clay+150 g Filter Cake) is selected as superior mulch in Ahvaz sand dune stabilization because of higher surface shear strength and penetration resistance rate. It is defined as the resistance soil materials can offer against shear stress. This property is directly related to the cohesive and friction forces between soil particles (Koolen and Kuipers، 1983; Knapen et al.، 2007; Khalilmoghadam et al.، 2009) and، thereby، related to soil intrinsic properties such as clay content، salinity، and organic matter content (Horn et al.، 1994). Sugarcane residues due to their effects on cohesive forces affect soil strength via the physical and chemical properties of Filter Cake. In this study، increases in SAR were found to be inversely proportional to SSS and PR. With identical values of SAR، treatments with higher EC values exhibited greater saturated SSS and PR. This shows the adjusting effect of EC on SAR effects. It is، therefore، concluded that the combined Filter Cake and clay soil could strongly affect soil resistance to erosive shearing stresses and wind erosion under environmental conditions. Sugarcane mulches were shown to be effective in stabilizing sand dunes as compared to oil mulches. It is، therefore، concluded that the combined Filter Cake strongly influence to erode under environmental conditions.

In order to investigate the effect of Filter Cake application on some morpho-physiological characteristics and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays var saccharata) under different irrigation regimes، an experiment was conducted in Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University، Khuzestan، in 2012. The experiment was arranged in split-plot design in RCBD (Completely Randomized Block Design) with three replications. Treatments were drought stress (irrigation after 25، 50 and 75% depletion of available water content) in main plots and Filter Cake (0، 10، 20 and 30 tonha-1) arranged in sub-plots. Results showed that drought stress increased electrolyte leakage (EL) and proline content (PC) while height of plant، relative water content (RWC)، chlorophyll stability index and ear and grain yield were decreased. The intensive drought stress had the greatest effect on EL and PC (54% increase)، and decreased ear and grain yield by21 and 37% compared to control، respectively. Application of filter cake on non-stress condition increased height of plant and economic yield. But Filter Cake in intensive stress reduced RWC and yield and increased EL compared to control. Also، the application of 30 tonha-1 of Filter Cake in intensive stress condition decreased ear and grain yield by 14. 5 and 10. 7% respectively. Thus، positive effect of Filter Cake application was clear on non-stress condition، but on drought stress condition it decreased the economic yield.