جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « AHP » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

Lack of attention to environmental, economic, structural and service sustainability destroys agricultural production. Therefore, for stability in the agricultural sector, it is necessary to pay attention to sustainable production criteria.In this paper, the composite indices of environmental, economic, and service-structural productivity sustainability of barley and maize in the provinces of Iran during 2001-2019 were calculated using Integration AHP and TOPSIS approaches, and then the indices of each province were classified separately with ISDM method. In the AHP prioritization results have more preference environmental, economic, and service-structural criteria, respectively. In most provinces, during the time period Average sustainability barley and maize are more sustainable in economic, environmental and service-structural criteria respectively. The results periodic averages and ISDM classification of barley and grain corn criteria in during the time period, indicated that the downward trend in barley and maize sustainability criteria and rising trend for economic criteria in the some provinces due to the improvement of labor productivity. Also in most provinces the sustainability of environmental, economic and service-structural criteria was roughly divided into three periods: 2001-2008, 2009-2014, and 2015-2019. In most of the provinces, the results ISDM classification three sustainability criteria were mostly in the moderate class and in the moderate unsustainable subclass is more than the moderate sustainable subclass. The most effective factor in environmental sustainability is water resources, in economic sustainability is income and profit and in service-structural sustainability is packaging and transportation. It is suggested that environmental sustainability with management in the consumption of water resources and inputs and increasing water productivity; Economic stability by organizing product prices and production costs; And service-structural sustainability should be improved by organizing packaging and transportation, and agricultural subsidies should be applied considering sustainability.

Agricultural activities are always associated with risks for farmers due to dealing with living organisms. In these activities, all kinds of natural, social, and economic risks go hand in hand and provide vulnerable situations for producers. The result of this fragility and vulnerability causes instability in incomes. This research aims to determine the identification and prioritization of the parameters of agricultural contracts using the AHP hierarchical analysis process combination model and similarity to the ideal option of TOPSIS in Razavi Khorasan province through a researcher-made questionnaire based on the studies and research done, from 13 experts and experts. In the field of agriculture, a contract was made that was selected based on their expertise. In this research, 2 criteria and 14 options were considered; And TOPSIS and AHP methods were used to weight the criteria, identify and prioritize agricultural contract parameters. The results showed that the criterion weight for promoting farmers' participation in contract agriculture is 0.692 and the criterion weight for helping food security and increasing production in contract agriculture is 0.308; Also, based on the weights obtained for the criteria and based on the TOPSIS prioritization method, among the parameters of agricultural contracts, the highest rank was related to holding training classes and technical consultation, and the lowest rank was related to the type of contract (bilateral-multilateral). Based on the results obtained from this research, it is suggested that the agricultural jihad organization or the private sector should consider parameters such as the holding of training classes and technical advice, the existence of trading options, the type of contract (written-verbal), the presence or absence of the requirement to determine the degree. pay attention to the quality, duration of the contract, type of contract (direct-intermediate), supply of inputs; In this case, it is expected that the participation of farmers in contract farming will increase.

The appropriate tree fertilization with essential nutrients is considered as one of the major factors in enhancing the quality and quantity of horticultural crops. Applying traditional tree fertilizing methods imposes high costs on the growers and has lower efficiency compared to mechanized methods. It shows the importance of applying and improving the mechanization of fertilizing operation in the horticultural sector. In the present study, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods including deterministic analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) and analytic network process (ANP) were used to score and select the appropriate fertilizing method for apple trees based on the growers and expert’s perspective. The criteria including fertilizing operation cost, crop yield, the percentage of tree damages, easiness of entering and moving fertilizing equipment in tree rows, field capacity (with or without machinery), the comfort and safety of fertilizing operation, after-sales service, access to the required machinery and implements, crop selling price, and crop quality were used in the above mentioned methods. The fertilizing methods considered in the present study were traditional fertilizing (Shovel), fertilizing with orchard Trencher, fertilizing drilling motor, fixed centerline tractor digger, and off-set digger. Based on the results obtained from AHP and FAHP, the priority of fertilizing methods was determined as tractor off-set digger, fixed centerline digger, drilling motor, and orchard Trencher, respectively. Based on the ANP method, off-set and fixed centerline diggers had the highest priority, which were followed by Trencher, drilling motor, and traditional method. Results showed that applying the orchard tractors equipped with tractor digger, especially off-set type, can play an important role in enhancing the quantity and quality of produced apple, as well as reducing the costs of fertilizing operation.

Groundwater becomes an important resource in semi-arid and arid regions and areas where access to surface water is limited. In recent years, due to the growth of industrialization, increase in population and change in lifestyle and consumption patterns, it is globally significant. Currently, groundwater accounts for about 34% of the world's total annual water supply and is one of the most important sources of fresh water. Water collection is one of the most important and vital parts of implementing infrastructure and economic projects, which entails a lot of costs, therefore, the evaluation of this matter is for the management of sustainable systems. Groundwater is very important. In this research, influential factors including land slope, geomorphology, soil, fault, land cover, rainfall, depth of underground water, watercourse density and proximity to surface water are used. A questionnaire with the title of comparing two criteria was designed to obtain the opinions of elites and design. In the following, AHP and ANP models are used to calculate the normal weight of underground water potential. At the end, the final map was prepared in the Arc map 10.8 environment. Using AHP and ANP methods, the area was divided into 5 parts: very good, good, medium, poor and very poor. The results of two methods showed that the rainfall factor is the most important factor in determining the potential of underground water. Finally, the information of 10 wells, 3 aqueducts and 3 springs in Nayband area was used to evaluate the validity of the obtained map of underground water potential.

Flood is one of the most terrible natural disasters in the world, flood damages leave long-term damages in various sectors, especially agriculture. Hazard analysis and vulnerability assessment is one of the primary steps in flood disaster management. Although such studies less done in irrigation networks. In this research, hazard analysis and vulnerability assessment has been done for the irrigation network in the east of Shuaibieh plain. It is an important irrigation project of Khuzestan province, and its flood will cause irreparable damages to the farmers and residents. For this purpose, hydraulic simulation has been done in Hec-Ras-2D and for 25, 50, 100 and 200 years return periods. The extent, inundation depth and flood velocity were extracted from the model. Using the model outputs and with the aim of existing standards, flood hazard maps have been drawn. According to these maps, for each flood with a return period greater than 50 years, more than 50 percent of the Shuaibieh plain is at unsafe level for all people and structures. By using the prepared questionnaires from 42 local farmers and irrigation network operators, various vulnerability indexes (economic, social, environmental, resilience, and flood magnitude) were estimated and by Analytic Hierarchy Process of them, the vulnerability was assessed. Finally, with superposition of each vulnerability index map, the total vulnerability map of the plain against floods was drawn. The highest and lowest levels of vulnerability are related to coping capacity index with 33.7 percent and social index with 9.6 percent, respectively.

The duty of higher education centers is to train skilled workforce, produce science and interact with the surrounding society. Evaluating and presenting effective strategies can be a useful effort to achieve educational and research tasks for each faculty. This research was done in 2023. The purpose of this research is to prepare strategies for better guidance of education and research in the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Lorestan University. The statistical population was the faculty members of the aforementioned faculty (N=100), 22 of whom were purposefully selected. By conducting structured interviews, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing the faculty were identified. Then, by designing the SWOT diagram, the desired strategies were identified and these strategies were compared and prioritized with the AHP technique. Prioritization of strategic areas, the results showed that the first strategy was based on the WT strategy, that is, the defense strategy (minimum-minimum). According to the results, the most important strategies, in order of importance, include "pursuing the faculty's independence and becoming a university", "competition of the faculty's laboratories with the university's central laboratory in order to receive orders from research centers" and "strengthening the faculty's relationship with executive organizations" For continuous sending of students" with coefficients of 0.334, 0.272 and 0.150. The implementation of each of the strategies obtained in this research can help the effective role of the faculty in achieving the goals of higher education.

Understanding flood phenomena and estimating flood potential play an important role in flood management and forecasting in any region. Due to the flooding of Mahneshan-Angoran basin, located in Zanjan province, Central Iran, in this study, the effective factors on flooding of this basin were investigated. For this purpose, first the basin curve number map was created by combining soil maps, land use, Digital Elevation Model and Look up table involving GIS environment. Then, using AHP Hierarchical Analysis method and based on the combined effects approach, appropriate weights were assigned to each of the slope factors, slope direction, land use, curve number, branch ratio, drainage density, precipitation, basin length and basin lithology. A flood risk map was prepared from the overlap of the weighted layers in the GIS environment. The results of AHP method showed that the highest weight among the effective factors is equal to 0.326, which belongs to the factor of the basin Curve Number. Other effective factors are: land use, slope, rainfall, drainage density, branching ratio, basin length, slope direction and lithological factor, which respectively have weights affecting flooding equal to 0.174, 0.142, 0.118, 0.090, 0.051, 0.042, 0.042 and 0.016. According to the obtained flood plan, it was observed that the western parts of the basin have a higher risk than other parts of the basin due to higher altitude and more rainfall, which is itself a proof of the accuracy of the calculations.

The over-drilling of deep wells and the excessive exploitation of groundwater sources cause the groundwater level to decrease daily, resulting in more energy to power pumps. Artificial recharging is the injection of water into a permeable formation to recharge the groundwater aquifer and reuse it with a different regime and quality and by creating additional facilities or changes in the region's natural conditions (Fazl Avali, 1998). Placing artificial recharge systems are one of the basic principles of creating these systems. The selection of sites based on scientific and natural points plays a critical role in the success and efficiency of the development of these systems to achieve the relevant goals. This process must be undertaken with considerable care. Identifying artificial recharge areas and substrates can be accomplished using various methods and parameters. No matter the method used, the results from different studies must be analyzed jointly, and then the most appropriate area for the study must be determined. Due to the presence of various characteristics in location, continuous changes of influential factors, and the need to examine the evaluated criteria, the use of GIS due to special features and capabilities, can be beneficial to this endeavor. The multi-criteria analysis method has been mentioned as a valuable model for integrating information layers in artificial recharge. Numerous studies have been conducted to locate recharging sites for artificial recharge.
Ramalingam and Santhakumar (2002), using GIS and remote sensing techniques, investigated suitable artificial feeding areas in a state in India which considered geomorphological, geological, soil, slope, land use, runoff intensity, and groundwater depth. As part of the research conducted by Hekmatpour et al. (2007), areas of the Varamin plain that can be artificial recharge were identified through classification and layer combining in a GIS environment and using a decision support system to make decisions.

Regarding to the undeniable importance of the effectiveness of the provincial supporting funds for development in agriculture (SFDA) in rural and agricultural development, present study aimed at this importance with the case study of North Khorasan province's SFDA. For this purpose in order to data gathering, designed questionnaires were distributed among whole SFDA members and experts in private (rural) and public sector of each agricultural sub-sectors of North Khorasan province (N=66). Also, the Delphi technique, structural equation modeling (SEM) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) were applied for data analyzing. Results indicated that the farming and horticulture subsectors (20.17%) and aquaculture (0.18%) have the most and least share in capital and dedicated loans of SFDA, respectively. In addition, findings of Delphi showed that there are 31 sub-criteria in 4 groups for evaluating the effectiveness of SFDA activities which they include economic, social, production and training-skill. Results of SEM indicated that assessed criteria and sub-criteria are statistically significant. Results of evaluating and ranking of SFDA effectiveness by AHP indicated that SFDA effectiveness in “economic” activities is appropriate, in “social” activities is medium, in “production” and “training-skill” activities isn't appropriate. Also, between economic sub-criteria "lending inexpensive loans", between social sub-criteria "increasing producers bargaining with banks and financial and credit institutions", between production sub-criteria "providing production inputs on time" and finally between training-skill sub-criteria "fixing and developing previous occupations by training", have the most priority of effectiveness.

This research set out to assess the flood risk in the Hamoon-Jazmoorian catchment applying 13 affecting factors as informative layers including elevation, slope, slope direction, topographic curvature, drainage density, distance from the waterway, geology, vegetation, land use, rainfall, topographic moisture index, flow strength index and soil type. To this end, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was applied in the form of a matrix of paired comparisons for prioritizeing and determineing the weight. Then each layer was made fuzzy between 0 and 1 by fuzzy logic model and the weights obtained by AHP method were multiplied in them. Next, based on the method of linear-weighted combination with the integration of 13 layers of information, a flood zoning map was obtained. Finally, the AWEI index was applied to each satellite image before and after the flood separately to validate the results as a ground reality, in which the areas affected by the flood situating around Hamoon-Jazmoorian and areas close to the main waterways were determined using the technique of changes determination. The results of the validation of the map of the flooded areas revealed that the gamma validation method in 1992 and 2016 has the highest consistent with the results of satellite images with 97.96 % and 98.18 % of similarity, respectively.

Qanat is a technique for obtaining water and transferring it for various uses. Due to the widespread arid and semi-arid areas in Iran, Qanat is the most sustainable method to obtain underground water. Considering the role of the Qanat in providing water to dry areas in the current situation of the country, where the issue of water shortage and water resources management is very important. Due to the importance of the Qanat in supplying water to dry areas in the country, the issue of water shortage and water resource management is very important knowing and studying the Qanat is very important and necessary. The purpose of the present study is to investigate and prioritize the most important physical and human parameters affecting Qanat discharge using the Analytical Hierarchy Method (AHP) according to the opinion of experts in the Mashhad-Chenaran plain. In this regard, firstly, the factors affecting Qanat were identified and studied by reviewing the sources and using the opinions of experts specializing in the field of Qanat and underground water. Then, using the hierarchical analysis method in the Expert Choice software environment, the weight and importance of each of the different parameters were determined. The results of parameter prioritization using the hierarchical analysis method showed that physical parameters with a weight of 0.545 have more value in Qanat discharge than human parameters. Also, based on the results of the prioritization of the physical parameters effective on Qanat discharge, the parameters related to the characteristics of the aquifer with a weight of 0.497 have the most importance in Qanat discharge. Also, according to the results obtained for the prioritization of human indicators, the ownership parameter with a weight of 0.539 has the most importance in Qanat discharge.

Wetlands are one of the most important biosphere resources in the world, but these ecosystems are always at risk of being threatened. To reduce these risk factors and achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to have information and to adopt programs and policies to protect wetlands. To achieve this goal in the Miangaran wetland of Izeh city of Khuzestan province, in first the internal and external factors were identified after a field visit and completion of a questionnaire by the Statistical community as well as experts.AHP and Expert choice software were used to weighting the internal (IFE) and external (EFE) factors. Then, based on the results of the internal and external factor evaluation matrix, appropriate strategies were developed, and finally, using the QSPM matrix of strategies, their scoring and preference were determined. According to the results, 7 strength factors & 16 weakness factors were identified as internal factors and 6 opportunity factors and 14 threat factors were identified as external factors. Based on the results of the internal and external factor evaluation matrix, the position of the defense strategy was proposed. Based on the analysis of QSPM matrix, the strategy of strengthening the environmental monitoring and implementation of the environment and the development of the wetland ownership document as the first priority of important strategic planning for the protection of this area was achieved. Based on the obtained results, it can be stated that due to the existence of high threat factors, the vulnerability threshold of this region is very high and requires reviewing and presenting appropriate policies to address the limitations, which according to the strategy. They are extracted and with proper planning and management, sustainable development in the area can be achieved.

Evaluation of the changes in river water quality plays key role in sustainable management of surface water resources. This study evaluates the river water quality of Sofi Chai River using the water quality index (WQI) from 1972 to 2016. Shannon's Entropy Method and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) have been used to determine the relative weight of water quality parameters and then these parameters have been compared with the weights provided by the World Health Organization (WHO). Qualitative parameters of Electrical Conductivity (EC), acidity (pH), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), calcium (Ca2+), bicarbonate (HCO3-), sulfate (SO42-), chloride (Cl-), magnesium (Mg2+) and sodium (Na+) have been used to evaluate the water quality of Soufi Chai River. The results of this study show TDS and EC in AHP and sodium, chlorine and sulfate in the Entropy Method are the most effective parameters on the water quality of Soufi Chai River. The average of Water Quality Indicator calculated by the weighting methods such as entropy, AHP and standard weighting of the WHO during the period of 1972 and 2016 are 13, 38 and 16, accordingly, which indicates that the water quality of Soufi Chai River is excellent.

According to statistics, Sistan region is one of the arid and low water areas. And the issue of water shortage and drought is one of the crises that threaten the Sisan region in the near future. Water and poverty are closely linked, so a strong assessment of water stress is essential to identify areas in need and develop appropriate interventions to reduce poverty. The Water Poverty Index (WPI) is a tool for assessing water stress by linking physical estimates of available water levels with socioeconomic incentives for poverty. It is also a comprehensive tool for managing and evaluating water resources. This study presents the application of water poverty index (WPI) to estimate and compare water stress levels in 5 cities of Sistan region in 2021-2022. The results of the study show that the average poverty index in the cities of Sistan region in the same weight condition is 0.48 and, in the weight, according to AHP method is 0.43. The water poverty index varies from 0.60 to 0.23 among the cities of Sistan. hirmand city has more water stress compared to other cities. In order to deal with water poverty in Sistan region, management and optimal use of water resources, especially in drought conditions, is very important.

Determining suitable areas for flood spreading is essential for the artificial recharge of groundwater. Qalhar of Delijan plain has decreased by more than eleven meters in groundwater level during the last 10 years and needs to balance the aquifer. In this research, a hierarchical analysis process (AHP) and geographic information system (GIS) were used to select site for the flood spreading in the Qalhar of Delijan Basin (Markazi Province). The study was conducted in three stages. In the first stage, the most important criteria and effective indicators to select site for artificial recharge were determined. In the second stage, a hierarchical method was used to assess and prioritize these criteria. For this purpose, criteria for flood characteristics, slope, permeability, geology, storage factor, land use were used. The results showed that flood and gradient criteria are more important in determining suitable areas for groundwater artificial recharge in the Qalhar basin. In this regard, the storage coefficient and land use have less relative weight. In the third step, based on the weights matrix, the Rasterian information layers were combined with AHP extension in Arc GIS and flood spreading Spatial preference map was prepared. The results showed that considering the restricted areas and the areas susceptible to artificial recharge, 29.3% of the total catchment area is suitable for flood spreading, which covers an area of 4250 hectares.