جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Infiltration » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

Surface irrigation is one of the most common irrigation methods. Due to the low efficiency of surface irrigation, water loss is significant in this system. It is necessary to know the characteristics and coefficients of water infiltration rate in the soil for accurate and adequate planning of surface irrigation. One of the equations used in this field is Phillip's infiltration equation. In this study, the infiltration coefficients of Phillip's equation and Manning's roughness coefficient in border irrigation are determined based on the comparison of the actual advance curve with the advance curve calculated with the dynamic wave model, and the results were compared with the double cylinder method and the two-point method of Ebrahimian et al. (5). The actual infiltration volume was obtained from the difference between the inlet and outlet volumes. The error of the mentioned method in calculating the infiltration volume was 5.53%. Meanwhile, the errors in the double cylinder and two-point Ebrahimian (5) method were 59.62% and 19.08%, respectively. In heavy soils, the longer the length of the border increases, the method is more accurate in estimating Philip's coefficients, while in light soils, the advancing time, which in addition to length is a function of permeability, input discharge, and the slope of the bottom of the bed is increased, the accuracy of the method in estimating Philip's penetration coefficients is increased.

The hills surrounding the international wetlands of Almagol and Ajigol in the Golestan Province are exposed to severe erosion and every year a large amount of sediments from these hillslopes discharge into these wetlands. Whilst a large extent of these surrounding hills, covered with Biological Soil Crusts (BSC), has been destroyed due to lack of awareness of their values, sensitivity and ecological functions. Improving soil properties, preventing direct contact of raindrops with the soil surface, all indicate the important role of BSC in hydrological processes and soil loss control.

In this study, the role of BSC in the hydrological processes of dry areas was investigated using a rain simulator. After a field survey and evaluation of the area, different treatments including biological crust with a dominant lichen cover, biological crust with a dominant moss cover, an area covered with vascular plants, an area without cover and areas covered with a combination of moss and lichen were selected to perform rain simulation and compare their effects on the hydrological processes of the selected region. Rain simulation was done in 2×1 meter plots for 30 minutes and intensity of 82 mm per hour. The start time of runoff and the volume of produced runoff at the outlet of the plot were measured and recorded. Also, at five-minute intervals from the beginning of the simulation process, 500 ml runoff samples were collected and transferred to the laboratory for testing in order to estimate the sediment concentration and mass. In addition, the depth of the wetting front caused by the infiltration of rain was measured at the beginning, middle and end sections of the plots.

The results of rainfall-runoff simulations at a 2×1 m2 plot scale with a rainfall intensity of 82 mm.h-1 and a duration of 30 minutes plots, showed that the average mass of sediments from plots with the dominant cover of moss (104 g), lichen (91 g), lichen-moss combination (176 g) and bush (99 g) was significantly higher than bare soil (1133 grams). Therefore, in case of destruction of the existing BSC and the formation of bare lands, the sedimentation rate will increase by more than 5 times. A significant decrease in water infiltration into BSC causes a significant increase of 30-40% in runoff generation compared to the treatment covered with bushes and a significant increase of 8-18% compared to the bare soil treatment.

by reducing soil loss and sediment concentration, BSC cause the production and transfer of high-quality runoff to the wetlands and as a result maintain the ecological function and health of the region’s wetlands. The results of this research show the positive influence of BSC on the hydrological and ecological performance of arid areas in the north of Gorgan Plain and protection of Ramsar-listed wetlands in the region.

Floods are of great importance in studies related to the use of water resources, flood management and the construction of dams, and the safety of structures related to dams is dependent on accurate hydrological studies. This study used geostatistical methods to determine the average maximum daily rainfall in the Amuqin catchment basin in Ardabil province as an input to the WMS model in order to estimate the maximum flood discharge. The Amuqin basin, which has an area of 78 km2 is located in the central part of Ardabil province, to determine the curve number of the basin, land use maps and soil hydrological groups (B, C, D) were integrated in the GIS environment. These maps were prepared using the Idrisi32 software and Landsat 8 satellite images. The basin curve number was estimated as 78.7. Different geostatistical kriging and global cokriging methods with circular, exponential, Gaussian, and normal models, weighted distance image method (IDW), Global Polynomial Interpolation (GPI), Local Polynomial Interpolation (LPI), and Radius Axis Relation Method (RBF) using geographic information system software were used to determine the average precipitation. The results showed that the normal Cokriging method has the lowest error for different return periods, then the average maximum daily rainfall for the basin was calculated using the normal Cokriging method for different return periods. Considering the rainfall-runoff events at the regional level in the calibration (RE=7.17, RMSE=0.44) and validation (RE=2.51, RMSE=0.0042) stages, was confirmed the accuracy and validity of the flood estimation by the model.

Agriculture is not only the largest user of groundwater resources throughout the world but also its economy is highly dependent on these sources. Thanks to having more effective parameters and subsequently more accurate results, the classification methods in many fields, such as sustainable agriculture has been taken into consideration. Discriminant analysis models are more complex, more accurate and more efficient in comparison to modern methods. In current study, the areas with infiltration potential located in some parts of Khomein, Shazand, Azna, Aligudarz and Durood areas (Marboreh watershed) were went under investigation using the mixture discriminant analysis (MDA) model. For this purpose, the infiltration samples gathered by double ring test, with the environment-effecting layers on infiltration, were prepared and then introduced to R_studio, employed to run MDA. In order to assess the results, validation indices (ROC curve, CCI, TSS, Recall and Precision indices) were used. According to the results, 6.2, 6.1, 12.7, 13.3 and 15.9% of areas of Shazand, Khomein, Durood, Azna and Aligodarz respectively lie in highly potential infiltration, whereas 1.1 16.5, 14.3, 19.6 and 10.8% of those areas were found to have extremely potential infiltration. Most of these areas have sandy soil texture and Quaternary formations with agricultural and range land uses. The accuracy indices that obtained as 0.89%, 76.66, 0.53, 0.91% and 0.73%, witnessing the acceptance and excellence of model performance. The results of this study can be useful in the decision-making for managers and planners regarding to the groundwater recharge in accordance with urban and agricultural needs, because groundwater resources and ensuring their stability are the main factors for sustainable agriculture.

The climate change, the intensity and continuity of drought periods, will affect the frequency of its occurrence in the coming decades. Iran is one of the countries that suffered the most damage from drought. Soil infiltration, which is very important in the design and management of furrow irrigation, changes over time. This issue will have a great impact on the irrigation efficiency. The purpose of this research is to investigate the temporal changes of the parameters of the Kostiakov-Lewis infiltration equation in furrow irrigation of sugarcane plant. The values of inflow, outflow and advance time were measured during 4 irrigation in 6 repetitions.The infiltration parameters were estimated using the advance time data and the hydrograph of the inflow and outflow using volume balance method. The results showed that there are significant temporal changes between the average values and the values of the coefficients of the Kostiakov-Lewis infiltration equation in each irrigation and the maximum change was related to the first irrigation, so that the range of parameter a changes in the range of 0.59 - 0.09 and the maximum value was related to the first irrigation, the range of changes in parameter k were observed in the range of 0.90 - 0.25, the highest of which was observed in the second irrigation. The average of f0 were equal to 7.333* 10-5 m^3/m.min with a CV of 16%. The results showed that the trend of time changes of infiltration parameters is not constant and more research is needed in this field.

Infiltration in the soil is one of the determining parameters in irrigation, which affects all factors related to irrigation evaluation. On the other hand, spatial and temporal variability of infiltration parameters are a major physical limitation in managing and achieving high application efficiency of surface irrigation. The objective of the present study is to evaluate scaling method in estimating the infiltration equation parameters in furrow irrigation based on Elliott-Walker, Shepard et al., Ebrahimian et al., infilt, Valiants and Milapali methods, and also to evaluation the accuracy of the middle point and end point for the scale process. For this purpose, a reference infiltration curve is considered and then using the time of to reach the middle and end of the furrow, the scale factor of that furrow is obtained. In this research, the measured data for six furrows with soil texture and different input data were considered. According to the results, if the furrow end point is used to calculate the scaling factor in the Scaling method, the accuracy of this method will be significantly increased .Based on the evaluation, Ebrahimian's method had the best results. In the infilt method, there is no noticeable difference between using the middle point and the end point. In many cases, using the middle point in order to obtain the parameters of the penetration equation overestimates the advance value. The simplicity of the one-point scaling method is one of the advantages of this method in comparison with other methods of obtaining penetration parameters

Soil hydraulic parameters play an important role in the water cycle and are part of the basic information for designing irrigation and drainage systems, hydrological issues, and soil quality assessment. These parameters can be measured or estimated through direct and indirect methods. Direct measurement requires a lot of money and time, and also due to the large spatial and temporal variability, a large number of samples must be taken for direct measurement under field conditions. An indirect method used to estimate soil hydraulic properties is the inverse solution method, which estimates the physical and hydraulic properties of soil using a numerical solution of the Richards equation. The results of the different researches show that this method has an acceptable accuracy in estimating the hydraulic characteristics of the flow into and out of the soil column, under both laboratory and field conditions. The inverse solution method is cheaper and faster than other methods. One of the advantages of this method is that it estimates the effective parameters and has the ability to simultaneously estimate the hydraulic properties and solute transfer. The HYDRUS-1D model developed by Simonek et al. (2002) in the laboratory, is an advanced model and able to simulate the one-dimensional movement of water, vapor, salts, and heat in soil. This model can simulate the wetting soil water characteristic curve with a very high accuracy by using the cumulative water infiltration data under constant head. Also, this model is capable of simulating infiltration into layered soils under falling head. Moreover, this model can estimate the hydraulic parameters and simulate the characteristic curve of the soil by using infiltration data and inverse solution method. The purpose of this study is to estimate the hydraulic parameters of the wetting soil water characteristic curve using the inverse solution of the infiltration equation under falling load by the HYDRUS-1D model.

Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to measure water infiltration into the soil under falling head in two and three soil textures, respectively. For the laboratory experiment, the data of Mohammadzadeh-Habili and Heidarpour (2019) were used, where they measured the falling head infiltration in the transparent acrylic cylinder with an inner diameter of 7 cm with different initial soil water contents. The soil column was filled with sandy texture soils (passed through two different sieves). Another experiment was conducted under field conditions to measure cumulative falling head infiltration using a double ring. The field experiment was conducted in 3 different sites with different soil textures of loam, sandy loam, and clay loam named Kooye Asatid, Shekarbani, and Daneshkade, respectively. In both laboratory and field experiments, the characteristic curves for different soil types were first obtained using pressure plates and moisture measurement. Then the amount of residual moisture, saturated water content of the wetting soil water characteristic curve, and cumulative infiltration data were given as input data to the HYDRUS-1D model, and thereafter, the hydraulic parameters of the wetting soil water characteristic curve were estimated using the inverse solution method. In the HYDRUS-1D model, van Genuchten and Brooks-Corey equations were used for laboratory conditions, and the van Genuchten model was used for field conditions. Finally, the SSQ index was used by the HYDRUS-1D model to optimize the parameters estimated by the model. Also, to determine the accuracy of the HYDRUS-1D model in simulating characteristic curve, the correlation coefficient (R2) and normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) were used.

For the laboratory experiment, the results showed that the HYDRUS-1D model was able to simulate the characteristic curve with high accuracy using both the van Genuchten and Brooks-Corey equations, but the van Genuchten equation was slightly performed better than the Brooks-Corey equation for both A and B soil textures. The comparison of the measured characteristic curve of Kooye Asatid, Shekarbani, and Daneshkade soils with the characteristic curve simulated by the HYDRUS-1D model showed the effect of hysteresis quite well, as the measured values obtained by drying soil, while the HYDRUS-1D model simulated the wetting front of characteristic curve. In conclusion, a comparison of the values of the simulated parameters with the measured values showed that the HYDRUS-1D model can estimate the hydraulic parameters of the wetting soil water characteristic curve with high accuracy using the reverse solution method of infiltration process under the falling head.

In arid and semi-arid regions, a major share of rainfall never reaches streams or groundwater. This part which is known as rainfall loss can play a decisive role in river flow or groundwater recharge. Rainfall losses are used in many hydrological models as one of the basic forecasting components. In this study, the components of the hydrological losses including interception, evapotranspiration, infiltration, and soil moisture have been reviewed, as well as the characteristics of the mentioned components, general concepts, conducted studies, and also the comparison of the useful calculation methods of these components of hydrological losses was reviewed.  The review of the studies shows that due to the complex and stochastic nature of the rainfall process and the many factors affecting it, rainfall losses have not yet been comprehensively understood and in many simulations, it is enough to simplify the systems by considering infiltration as a loss function.  As a result, in practical applications, fixed values for losses are often used and this simplification leads to a sort of inaccurate runoff simulation. Therefore, firstly, it is recommended to pay attention to the time and place format in the existing rainfall loss models and even their concepts and secondly, more consideration should be paid to the interrelationships among components,  because, for example, in the daily time scale, a component such as transpiration may become less important than in long-term time periods, or in an urban watershed due to human manipulation, the loss processes may not be similar to natural watersheds.

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the structure and function status of some areas with different desertification classes around Gavkhoni International Wetland using Landscape Function Analysis (LFA), and Cover Directional Leakiness Index (CDLI) extracted from Landsat 8 OLI sensor and NDVI, SAVI-A, PD54, and STVI-1 vegetation indices. In this research, six different areas were selected, and two or three transects with a length of 50 meters were established in each area. The length and width of the patches and inter-patches were continuously measured. Then 11 soil surface indicators were assessed in all ecological patches, and inter-patch areas with three replications. The results showed that although range places did not differ significantly in terms of soil stability and nutrient cycling indices, the infiltration index in the areas covered by Haloxylon ammodendron, Seidlitzia rosmarinus and Halocnemum strobilaceum varied significantly compared with the other areas (p < 0.05). According to the results, there were no significant differences between the structure and function indices in the areas with various desertification classes (p > 0.05). The PD54 index showed the best performance among vegetation indices due to its better differentiation of resource leakage between different areas, and it had a high relationship with CDLI (R2 = 71.9 %). There was a negative correlation between CDLI and vegetation cover percentage (p < 0.05). The present study indicated that integrating the results of LFA method with CDLI can be used to evaluate the structure and function status of desert ecosystems appropriately.

In order to increase the application efficiency and distribution uniformity in surface irrigation methods,some techniques such as the application of surge flow have been developed.One of the requirements for proper and efficient design of surge irrigation is to accurately determine the infiltration equation parameters.The purpose of the present study was to investigate the performance of three methods Elliott and Walker two-point, Shepard one-point and nonlinear regression methods in estimating water infiltration in furrow irrigation with surge flow.For this purpose,the field evaluation data of three experimental furrow included two furrows under surge flow and a furrow with continuous flow were used.The length and spacing of the furrows was 150m and 0.75m,respectively.The soil texture was clay loam.The results showed that the one-point method had the lowest performance in estimating the infiltration in furrow with surge and continuous flow.On the other hand,the results of nonlinear regression and two point methods were acceptable and close to each other.The mean values of root mean square error index for the one-point, two-point and nonlinear regression methods in estimating the advance times under surge flow were 10.85, 2.52 and 2.46 min,respectively, and in furrows under continuous flow were 8.87, 6.57 and 4.77 min, respectively.Also, the values of mean relative error in estimating the volume of infiltrated water in the furrows with surge flow were 42.12, 3.51 and 4.79, respectively,and for continuous flow were 7.70, 6.33 and 2.53, respectively.Results indicated that, the nonlinear regression method performed better in estimating the infiltration of furrow irrigation under surge and continuous flows.

Surface irrigation is the most irrigated area in the entire country. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate this irrigation system due to improve irrigation efficiency. One of the existing software for assessing surface irrigation methods is SIRMOD model. In this study, a few models in the SIRMOD package were evaluated. In hence, three data groups of research stations of Kabutarabad (Isfahan), Hashem Abad (Mazandaran) and Zarghan (Fars) were used as local inputs. The soil texture of these fields was silty clay loam, silty clay loam and silty clay respectively. First, the length of the Furrow was investigated by using three methods FAO, SCS and W&S. Optimum Furrow length in these areas was determined as 120, 200 and 100 meters, respectively. The results of reliability indices such as NRMSE, ME and R2 were used to compare simulated and measured values of the parameters which indicated the high accuracy of the models those have performed well in predicting advanced and recession time in furrow. The results also revealed that the hydrodynamic model was more accurate than the two zero-inertia and kinematic inertia models in predicting advanced and recession times. According to the results of this study, the highest error of these models was related to estimating the amount of runoff at 5% and the lowest was related to the infiltration depth parameter at 2.7%. Therefore, the models in the SIRMOD package estimate the cumulative infiltration rate in the soil to be higher than the runoff rate.

Sugarcane is widely cultivated in Khuzestan province. After each harvest, a ratooning operation is performed to remove the impact of compaction due to traffic on the harvesting machines and recelennce furrow. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of machine type and forward speed on the quality of sugarcane ratooning operations.

Research treatments included conventional ratooning device (4-shanks subsoil + reshaper) and combined ratooning device (4-shanks subsoil + reshape disk and 10-shanks subsoil) and three- rates speeds (5, 6 and 7 km / h). The experimental design was a split plot design based on randomized complete block design with three replications in the cultivation industry of Amir Kabir farm ALC 408 with clay loam texture, 15% moisture, crop variety 1069-69CP and first year ratoon. The physical properties of interest in this study were Mean Weight Diameter (MWD) of clods, bulk density, soil surface uniformity, and water infiltration in soil. ANOVA and Duncan tests were used to compare the treatments.

There was a significant difference between the two types of ratooning machine and the three forward speeds in the mean weight diameter of clods, bulk density, surface uniformity and soil water infiltration. Comparison of means showed that the ratooning treatment with the combined machine at the speed of 7 km / h had the smallest mean weight diameter of clods. The use of an integrated device also significantly reduced the bulk density of the soil. The mean soil bulk density in the ratooning operation was reduced to 1.33 g / cm3. The lowest coefficient of variation of surface uniformity in ratoon treatment with combined machine at 7 km / hwas obtained equal to 16%. Also, the water infiltration rate in soil was significantly different between the conventional and combined ratooning machine treatments. Soil water infiltration rate was 1.6 and 2.3 cm / h, respectively, after the ratooning operation with a conventional ratooning machine and combined ratooning machine treatments. The effect of forwarding speed on soil water infiltration rate also showed that the highest water infiltration rate occurred at 5 km / h, equal to 1/2 cm per hour.

Finally, due to the significant difference between conventional and combined ratooning treatments, sugarcane ratooning combined machine had the greatest impact on soil physical parameters. This is due to the movement of the 10-shanks subsoil during the ratooning operation and the greater turbulence of the soil.

Rain simulator is a device that can create raindrops on small plots with similar rain characteristics in nature. Gachsaran and Aghajari formations are one of the most erodible formations of Fars group. Gachsaran Formation has salt, anhydrite, colorful marls, lime and some shale. The Aghajari Formation consists of gray and brown limestone sandstone and gypsy red marl and siltstone.

In this study, in order to compare the role of Kamphorst rain simulator height in changing different erosion components, some parts of Margha and Gach Kuhe watersheds with an area of 1609 and 1202 hectares were selected. Kamphorst rain simulator was located in rangeland use at 40 and 200 cm height and in total, in both structures performed in 12 point and three times replicates and erosion different components such as runoff, sediment and infiltration were obtained at precipitation intensities of 1 and 1.25 mm/min.

The results showed that sediment yield in both structures did not change significantly compared to rain simulator height, while runoff and infiltration were more sensitive to rain simulator height and infiltration was the highest sensitivity to change in rain simulator height in both structures.

In general, the results showed that with increasing the rain simulator to 200 cm, the obtained data such as sediment and runoff and infiltration are more reliable and can be closer to normal conditions due to the somewhat close rain droplet speed. In addition, more accurate results are created in runoff and sediment estimation and soil infiltration, which can be more useful in designing watershed management structures.

Arid and semi-arid regions with highly variable rainfall and periods of drought or unpredictable floods have severely affected residents' water shortages and they are often living in insecure areas. Rainwater catchment systems are one of the available solutions to overcome water shortage and runoff management in these areas. Surface runoff is a potential source of water that, with proper management and rainwater extraction methods, can be used to meet demand in various sectors, including agriculture and drinking. This study was conducted with the aim of introducing suitable places for establishing rainwater catchment systems in Latyan Watershed. Essential maps of the watershed for this study included land cover coefficient, permeability of formations and soil, average long-term rainfall, slope, land use, and drainage network were prepared. The mentioned maps were each divided into five categories and by overlaying in ARC/GIS 10.7.2 environment, finally suitable places for runoff production of the watershed were obtained to create catchment levels. The results showed that slope percentage, type of land use, NDVI and climate in this watershed were effective factors for runoff production. In addition, the map of runoff production potential classes showed that the frequency percentages related to runoff production potential classes were very high, high, medium, and low, respectively 3.2, 22, 33.6 and 23.5%. For the construction of these systems, priority is given to areas that have the potential and frequency of upper class in terms of runoff production, which areas with medium runoff production potential have this feature. Introducing suitable places to establish rainwater catchment systems can maximize the probability of success of rainwater harvesting projects.

Soil infiltration is one of the key processes in the design of irrigation systems, water resources management, soil conservation, and erosion control in watershed management. As to the importance of the mentioned subject, infiltration changes and modeling were investigated on the surface soil of geological formations in this study. The double-ring infiltrometer was used to measure the infiltration rate in the surface soil of some geological formations on the Alashtar Watershed due to the flooding potential of the area. The performance of the modified Green-Ampt, Philip, Kostiakov, the US Soil Conservation Service (SCS), and the Horton models were evaluated in estimating the infiltration rate in the surface soils formed or deposited on those formations. The results indicated that the Asmari Formation (Oml) had a higher cumulative infiltration, average infiltration rate, terminal infiltration rate than other formations. This was followed by the Quaternary Formations (Q and Qt). The results indicated that the modified Green-Ampt model had an acceptable accuracy as compared to other models in estimating infiltration in the Pabdeh (EL), the Khami Group (Jk, Mz), the Gachsaran (M), the Aghajari (Muplaj, Mpaj), and the Bakhtyari (Plb) Formations with efficiency coefficients of 93.9, 94.4, 95.9, 97.6, 87.7, and 92.7%, respectively. The Kostiakov model was more suitable for the Q and Oml Formations, and the Horton model was the best for the Qt Formation (C.C= 0.925), which may be used to quantify the amount of infiltrated water and to estimate the runoff volume for the soils formed or deposited on those formations different on the mentioned geological formations.

At the beginning of the conversion of precipitation into runoff, some of the precipitation is absorbed by the soil or penetrates deep into the earth and the rest becomes surface runoff. By determining the runoff and erosion simultaneous threshold can help to watersheds proper management. In this study, in order to determine the runoff and erosion simultaneous threshold using erosion different components in different land uses of Gachsaran Formation, a part of the Kuhe Gach watershed of the Izeh city with an area of 1202 hectares was selected. In this study, the relationship between the runoff and erosion simultaneous threshold and erosion different components such as soil permeability and the amount of sediment and runoff in different land uses of Gachsaran Formation was done using multivariate regression. Then, sampling of erosion different components at 6 points with three replicates and at different rainfall intensities of 0.75, 1 and 1.25 mm in min, in 3 land uses of the range, residential area and agricultural lands with the help of the device rain simulator was performed. SPSS and EXCEL software were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that in estimating the runoff and erosion threshold in all three-land uses, the amount of sediment and then the degree of soil permeability had the most positive and negative effects and the amount of runoff had no role in modeling. The positive effect of the amount of sediment in general on the runoff and erosion threshold in five cases and its negative effect in three cases and the positive effect of soil permeability in modeling in general on the runoff and erosion threshold in three cases and affecting its negative is three cases.

Soil infiltration is one of the most crucial parts for designing rainwater catchment systems and has an essential role in determining the area for rainwater harvesting. Using the Kamphorst field rain simulator, the infiltration rate of the suitable sites for the rainwater catchment systems has been determined. After selecting the suitable site, the soil was saturated, and the experiments were performed a day later. Simulation experiments have been conducted in two sites. The first site was Pishkamr city in Golestan province and the second site was near Sararood research station in Kermanshah province. The constant slope was at 12%, and the rain intensities were 33, 64, and 110 mm/h for 15 minutes in four repetitions. At the end of the experiment, the total volume of runoff was collected, and the infiltration rate was calculated. The results showed that with increasing rainfall intensity from 64 to 110 mm/h, the runoff volume of Pishkamr and Sararood increased 6.1 and 13.7 times, respectively. The infiltration rate in comparison with rain intensity showed that by increasing rainfall intensity from 64 to 110 mm/h, the infiltration rate increased 16.6% and 25.3% in the Pishkamr and Sararood, respectively. The comparison of the infiltration rate in the two sites also showed that the infiltration rate in the Sararood site was higher than the Pishkamr site. Therefore, with the knowledge of soil Infiltration, suitable rainwater catchment systems can be designed to supply water for plants.