جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Irrigation Canals » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

Arranged delivery is recommended for higher irrigation management flexibility and water productivity in irrigation networks. For arranged delivery, the spatial and temporal variations of numerous requests increase the complexity of the operation and the probability of operational errors. The objective of this research is to consider the operational errors and analyze their impact on output uncertainty. To this end, in a canal, two options of increase and decrease in demand, and four scenarios of structural operational errors are studied. The structural operational error scenarios include one check structure, one check and one intake, two check structures, two checks, and one intake. In each scenario, random numbers for structural adjustment were generated using the Monte Carlo simulation method. The canal system, operational scenarios, and delivery options were simulated using the Irrigation Conveyance System Simulation (ICSS) model. The analyzed outputs are delivery discharge, adequacy, efficiency, stability, and depth control error. The uncertainty of outputs is calculated for the operational error range of 38 to 95 %. The uncertainty band of the flow delivery for the increasing scenario was between 38 to 95%, and 33 to 85% for the decreasing scenario. Therefore, increasing scenarios produce higher uncertainty, and require a more accurate operation. By increasing the number of structures that encounter operational error, the uncertainty of almost all outputs has increased. The highest increment of 12% was seen in the stability index for the increasing scenario and an 8% uncertainty band increase in the depth index for the decreasing scenario. For increasing scenarios, delivery discharge with an uncertainty band of 38 to 95% is the most sensitive parameter. For decreasing scenarios, the depth control parameter with an uncertainty band of 36 to 82% is more sensitive compared to delivery flow. Therefore, for increasing scenarios the delivery discharge, and for decreasing scenarios, the water depth are more important parameters to be controlled.

The experience of irrigation networks in recent years shows that traditional operation methods are not able to implement proper water delivery in water scarce periods and enhancing is unavoidable. In many cases, delivered water does not match water requirement, and it causes decreasing water productivity and farmer’s dissatisfaction. (Sadeghi and Monem, 2014)Irrigation delivery under these conditions is a complex process. Optimization techniques have limitations in the above situations (Santhi and Pundarikanthan., 1999)Monem et al. showed that using hydrodynamic model and unsteady flow analysis is a suitable approach to determine appropriate operation, and performance improvement of irrigation networks under harsh circumstances. (Monem, et al., 2005)In this paper, the main goal is improving the operational distribution management in irrigation networks in water scarce situation. At the first step, the water delivery and distribution status in Eastern Aghili secondary canal is evaluated for full discharge, 20% and 40% water scarce situation (as scenario 0). At the second step, four management scenarios have been defined, and are simulated to manage water scarcity.

Aghili Irrigation Network is located in Gotvand irrigation area in Khuzestan. In present study, the East Aghili secondary canal is selected. This canal is a concrete lined canal having trapezoidal cross section with side slope of 1:1, and length of 16.215 km. The bed width of the canal in the first half is 1.5 meters and for the second half is 1 meter. For clear presentation and discussion of the results, the 9 km of the canal which has 13 outlets is simulated. Simulations are done using ICSS hydrodynamic model. The ICSS model simulates steady flow by solving gradually varied flow equations proposed by Henderson, and unsteady flow by solving St.Venant equations proposed by Sterlekof. It can simulate different structures with the wide range of operations. Performance indicators proposed by Molden and Gates (1990) are used for evaluation of the scenarios. Delivery efficiency, adequacy, and equity indicators, are calculated and discussed for scenarios. In this paper four scenarios are defined for three irrigation level of 100%, 80% and 60% of the required discharge for 24 hour delivery period. The scenarios are:1. The volume of water delivered to all outlets have been decreased proportionally to the shortage of water at the head of canal. The operation of structures are done at the same time. (Scenario 1)2. The second scenario is defined by a Prioritization based on cultivation pattern. Outlets number 3, 6, 8, 10, 11, are considered to have priority for water delivery. So, these outlets receive full discharge, and water shortage is distributed to other outlets (Scenario 2)3. In this scenario the outlets are divided into two groups, which in both groups, sum of the required discharge is equal. In the first 12 hours the first group (outlet numbers 1 to 5) receive their full required discharge, and the second group receive decreased discharge proportional to remaining water left in the canal. At the second 12 hours, the water distribution and corresponding operation is done reversely. (Scenario 3)4. In this scenario, also, the outlets are divided into two groups, which in both groups, sum of the required discharge is equal. In the first 12 hours the first group (outlets number 1 to 5) are closed, and water is delivered to the second group of outlets. At the second 12 hours, the water delivery and corresponding operation is done reversely. (Scenario 4).

The result of zero scenario shows that under 20 percent water scarcity, the Adequacy Index is less than 90% for five outlets, and 38% outlets have medium adequacy. The Equity Index is 0.07. For 40 percent water scarcity, 9 outlets (70%) have a medium and poor adequacy, and the equity index is 0.13. This results show that in water scarce situation, not only the adequacy is decreased, but also the equity of water distribution is harmed.After the use of four defined scenarios, the results indicate acceptable improvement in all scenarios, under both 20 % and 40 % water scarcity. Under 20% water scarcity the first scenario, and for 40% water scarcity, the fourth scenario has the highest performance indices. For 20% scarcity, the priority of the scenarios are, scenario no. 1, 4, 3, and 2. For 40% scarcity the priorities are, scenario no. 4, 3, 2, and 1.

Water shortage without appropriate management actions, will cause poor performance not only from adequacy point of view, but also from equity aspect. According to the results, all proposed management actions, have acceptable effect in water delivery improvement under both 20% and 40% water scarcity with little differences. For selection of the scenarios in addition to hydraulic performance, operational efforts and social acceptance of different scenarios should be considered as well.

Controlling structures in irrigation canals to accurately deliver and distribute the water, and to keep it needs the appropriate control techniques. Sarsa reinforcement learning, as a branch of artificial intelligence, has recently been used to control the structures and improve water delivery and distribution in irrigation canals. To improve Sarsa efficiency and reduce the required time of operational pattern learning, the Sarsa algorithm in the E1R1 canal was developed and linked to a non-linear model of the canal to learn the operational pattern of one reach of the canal and apply the results to the other reaches. Operational scenarios were defined in this regard, and standard performance indicators was used for assessment. The results showed that Sarsa can be used successfully with the proposed idea, maintaining water depth within a dead band of 5% in the learning step and that of 10% while utilizing the learning results. The efficiency and adequacy indicators were close to the desired value.

Flumes are one of the simple tools for measuring flow rate in canals that the flow rate can be calculate only by measuring the flow depth at specific points of control section of them. Blanger (1849) and Bazin (1896) were the first to conduct experimental and theoretical studying on flumes. Since then, many research was done about hydraulic characteristics of different flumes by researchers such as Parshl (1900), Robinson (1968), Samani and Magalanez (1992, 1993), Proginelly and Bonacci (1997), Prabhat (1998), Samani and Magalanez (2000), Bdar and Gare (2014), Davis and Samani (2016) and Mohammadi and Vatankhah (2020). Many of mentioned researchers have done their research on rectangular channels. In this research, possibility of the creating control section by installing a prismatic pier on the central axis of floor in trapezoidal canal and flow measurement in free and submerged flow condition was investigated.

To achieve discharge equations, many experiments were performed in free and submerged flow condition in a trapezoidal laboratory canal with length of 6 m, width of 46 cm, height of 70 cm and with adjustable side slope. Four prismatic piers with head angle of 90◦, width of 42, 40, 38 and 36 cm were tested. The height of each pier was considered equal to its width. The experiments were performed on 4 side slopes.Based on dimensional analysis, the following dimensionless equation was considered as basis of experiments for both free and submerged flow condition.(1)where Q is discharge, g is gravity acceleration, y1 is flow depth upstream of prismatic pier and Bc is calculated from the following equation.(2)where z is side slope of canal, B is width of canal and b is width of prismatic pier.On the base of 96 experiment in free flow condition (in a certain side slope, 6 experiment for a pier) and 288 experiment in submerged flow condition (in a certain side slope, 18 experiment for a pier with different submergence ratios) discharge equations for both free and submergence flow condition were obtained separately.

On the base of performed experiments , variation of dimensionless parameters Q/(gBc5)0.5 versus y1/Bc corresponding to all 4 side slopes is presented in figure 1 and equations 3 and 4 in free and submerged flow condition respectively.(a) (b)Fig. 6- Variation of y1/Bc vs. Q/(gBc5)0.5 for different side slopes, a; free flow b; submerged flow(3 (4) According to equation 3 and 4, exponent of y1 in both equation 3 and 4 is larger than circular, trapezoidal and S-M flumes which are presented by Samani and Magallanes (1992, 1993 and 2000). This makes this flume ideal for water level variations than circular, trapezoidal and S-M flumes. To determine accuracy of the obtained relationships and graphs, statistical parameters, ME, RMSE and MARE, were used. Based on the relationship for all side slopes (equation 3 and 4) MARE is 8.3 and 10.2% for free and submerged flow conditions respectively. The results showed that, using of the flow measurement method in trapezoidal canals is Suitable for free flow conditions and can be used by accepting 12% error for submerged conditions.

The results showed that, using of the flow measurement method in trapezoidal canals is ideal for free flow conditions (equation 3). The flow measurement method in trapezoidal canals can be used by accepting 12% error for submerged flow conditions (equation 4). Compared to circular, trapezoidal and S-M flumes, this flow measurement method has large sensitivity to variation of upstream water level It is suggested that, the results of this research be used within the range of studied parameters.

The submergence threshold of a structure is investigated to determine the boundary between free and submerged flows. Knowing the Submergence threshold of the structure, can help to estimate the discharge in free and submerged conditions with reasonable accuracy. Lopac gates are control structures used to regulate the flow in irrigation canals which has limited reported studies. In this study, the submergence threshold of the lopac gate in different gate opening was investigated. For this purpose, the lopac gate was studied under different hydraulic and operation conditions. Experiments were conducted on a laboratory model at Water Research Institute of Iran. Using the interpolation, the submergence threshold of the lopac gate is obtained for different values of opening angle and flow discharge based on the criteria of one, two and three percent of the depth variation. The graphs of the submergence threshold can be presented as a functional guide. The most important non-dimensional parameters affecting the submergence threshold of the lopac gate are the ratio of the gate opening to the gate width, and upstream Froud Number ( and ). Accordingly, a relationship was found for the submergence threshold of the lopac gate using experimental results in two discharge of 0.025 and 0.030 cms and based on the affecting non-dimensional parameters. The resultant relationship estimates the submergence threshold of the lopac gate with the maximum relative error of ± % 10 which is practically acceptable. In addition the derived figures of the submergence ratio are practical guidelines for determining the boundary between free and submerged flow for different conditions.

In this research, the effect of cement content and AEA on engineering properties of irrigation canal linings were studied. In this context, 9 different concrete mixtures (treatments) were designed and fabricated using 3 levels of AEA ; 0, 0.01, and 0.03 percent by weight of cement and 3 levels of cement content; 300, 350 and 400 kg/m3. Various experiments included: determination of total air, density and determination of the amount of slump on fresh concrete and density, porosity, compressive strength and electrical resistance tests on hardened concrete samples of all mixtures. The results of experiments on fresh concrete showed that as the AEA increased , the slump of fresh concrete and total air volume also increased whereas concrete density decreased. The results of experiments on hardened concrete indicated that addition of 0.03 percent by weight of bubble making substance to concrete mixture to any of 3 cement samples, resulted in reduction of density, compressive strength and electrical resistance. According to the existing indicators, the cement content of 300 kg / m3 (with and without AEA) is not a suitable option for irrigation canals lining. In irrigation canals, it is necessary to provide the minimum compressive strength in this regard concrete mixtures of 350 (without weathering) and concrete mixtures of 400 kg / m3 (without AEA) and 0.01% of AEA cement weight was found to be suitable option. For the concrete lining in cold regions, the best option for ensuring the compressive strength parameter and the durability against frost is concrete mix with a weight of 400 kg / m3 and 0.01% AEA by cement weight.

Nowadays, considering the importance of water, the hydraulic structures that can accurately control the amount of water is very important. One of the automatic hydraulic gates that fixes the upstream water level is the flap gate. Despite the development of the use of this gate, the existence of problems during operation makes it less accurate.These gates have some disadvantages such as, flow separation, vibration and cavitation. These phenomenon can change the configuration of gate. In this study, a new flap gate has been developed to reduce the disadvantages of the classic flap gate. For this purpose, a hydraulic model was made. In modified flap gate, a round-edge was used to prevent the flow separation. Additionally, a new counterbalance provided a better balance in gate. For static analyzes, the pressure applied to the gate was measured in different discharges and using a general equation for estimating the force and gate opening moment. These equations can be used for similar gates. Finally, the parameters for valve design were presented.

In this study, the amount of water losses in 7 irrigation canals in plains of Zaiandeh-rood, Moghan and Kerman, with the same specifications of HDPE geomembrane lining with the same age, were evaluated. For this purpose, the losses of water in the canals was determined by input-output method in three stages. At the same time, the amount of evaporation using a class A pan installed in next canals, was determined. to calculate seepage losses, the amount of evaporation losses were deducted from the total losses. Based on results, the amount of efficiency efficiency was between 95.9 to 99.7 and in averagewas 98.9 percent. The total losses in the canals was determined between 3.3 to 13.8 and averagely 11.5 lit/s per kilometer. From total losses, between 3.3 (Zaiandeh-rood) to 16.2 (Kerman) and in average 7.1 percent was due to evaporation and the remainder was due to seepage losses from geomembrane lining. The seepage losses in evaluated canals was between 0.03 (KC in Kerman plain) 0.16 (EC4 in Zaiandeh-rood ) and an average of 0.1 m3/m2/day (17 times lower than the concrete lining). The results of this study showed remarkable impact of geomembrane lining in control of water losses from irrigation canals and its advantages compared to conventional concrete lining.

Concrete is the most common material used to line irrigation canals and must maintain its durability for the lifetime of the canal. Compressive strength has been used as an index to control the quality of concrete; concrete that remains durable under freeze-thaw conditions is that with high compressive strength. Research has shown that concrete linings can show suitable compressive strength in the first days of existence, but begin to decompose after a period and lose the property of durability. The present study examined the relationship between compressive strength and the durability parameters of initial water absorption, final water absorption, water penetration depth and porosity in the Variyaneh and Dingel-e Kahriz irrigation canals in the province of Hamedan. Laboratory testing was carried out on 27 cores (69 mm in diameter; different lengths) extracted from the concrete linings of canals. The cores were prepared and their compressive strength and durability parameters were determined. The results show an inverse linear relationship between the compressive strength and density of the samples and their porosity. The durability parameters of initial water absorption, final water absorption, and water penetration depth showed no significant relationship. The results indicate that compressive strength is not sufficient for evaluation of the durability of concrete lining. Of the 27 cores, 40% had acceptable compressive strength. Of these, 50% showed acceptable durability parameters for exposure to freeze-thaw. The results also showed that the mean penetration depth and porosity of the samples were >2.5 timesgreater than the maximum recommended values and that the initial and total water absorption values were >1.5 times greater than the maximum recommended values. It is evident that the concrete linings will decompose more quickly than the anticipated lifetime from the influence of water and other expansive solute solutions in cold weather. It was noted that samples having similar compressive strengths had durability parameters that were greater or less than acceptable values. These results suggest that the compressive strength of concrete alone is insufficient to ensure durability and it is necessary to examine additional parameters affecting the lifetime of the concrete linings.

To evaluation of irrigation canals lining, uaually compressive strength is determined, whereas new studies proved that this paprameter cant guarantee lining durability during its lifetime. Durable concrete in cold climate can save its serving in lifetime. In this paper durability of hardened concrete in irrigation canals in Bahar plain in Hamedan province were evaluated and results were compared with prescribed standards. For this purpose, 5concrete lined canals were selected to study and field and laboratory examinations were done. Name of selected canals is Gondejin, Bahadorbeig, Abroomand, Khooshab-olia and Komooshboolaghi. Field examinations were including: 25 samples coring from these canals. Laboratory examinations were including: determination of specific gravity, initial and final water absorptions, depth of water penetration in cores. Results showed thatmean values of specific gravity, initial and final water absorptions, depth of water penetration in cores were 2.1 gr/cm3, 5.8%, 7.7% and 79 mm respectively. Based on prescribed standards mean values of these parameters must be 2.4 gr/cm3,3%, 5% and 30 mm respectively. With comparision results and prescribed standard values, it can be noted that measured mean values of specific gravity of cores is 15% less than standard. Initial and final water absorptions and depth of water penetration in cores are 3, 1.5 and 2.5 time, respectively, more than those in standards. These results express that concrete lining of studied irrigation canals is undurable for freezing-thaw condition. High permeability and high water absorption of cores is due to high porosity and low compaction. Field observations confirmed these conclusions. Because of unsuitable durability of cores, it can be concluded that concrete lining in studied canals are not secure lining in front of freeze- thaw cycles in their lifetimes.

Regarding the poor performance of distribution canals in irrigation networks, offering effective methods to improve performance and optimal operation is considered necessary. Water distribution and delivery scheduling is a complex, multi- objective, multi- variable, and multi- constraint problem, which requires powerful optimization methods to be solved. In this study, ACS Algorithm is used for solving water delivery problem in AMX canal of Varamin irrigation network with 11 intakes. Three irrigation blocks were considered for temporal distribution of water delivery intakes. Intake classification in the blocks and scheduling of water delivery was determined so that intake demand water in irrigation duration is delivered by minimum of canal capacity. Based on research results, the maximum canal capacity achieved 1.15 m3 /s. compared to PSO, the canal capacity was 490 l/s less than ACS. Also, the number of upstream gate regulations obtained 1 regulation less than PSO method. Results indicates the preferably of ACS method to PSO method.

Different kinds of irrigation canal lining materials have different durability based on climatic conditions. Therefore its necessary that in different area all various lining are evaluated and suitable lining be selected for decrease seepage loss and optimum usage from water resource. The aim of this research was to study effect of concrete lining to reduce of water seepage loss in the main irrigation earth canals that serves the irrigated area on Hamadan province. Total length of concrete-lined irrigation canals in this province is 500 km. 12 main lined and unlined canals with total length of 26 km were chosen to study in this area. Water seepage in these canals was measured by the inflow-outflow method. While water velocity was determined using a current-meter. The water seepage loss at unlined-canals was between 1.32 and 3.06 m3m-2day-1. The average seepage loss was 2.39 m3m-2day-1 equal to 16.4% in 1Km. The water seepage loss at concrete lined-canals was between 0.55 and 2.40 m3m-2day-1. The average seepage loss was 1.74 m3m-2day-1 equal to 8.2% in 1Km. Based on statical analysis, there was no significiant difference for seepage loss between lined and unlined canals typs. d.

There are different automatic downstream control algorithms developed to increase the flexibility of the irrigation system. CARDD control logic is one of the heuristic and distance automatic downstream control systems. In this research، mathematical model of the CARDD control logic coordinated with ICSS hydrodynamic model was developed and the CARDD control logic was tested and evaluated under different situations. In order to evaluate the performance of this control algorithm، one of the canals suggested by ASCE (canal number 2) was used. The CARDD control algorithm was tested under the operational scenarios suggested by ASCE in which the control algorithm was evaluated by intense and gradual flow changes in a newly constructed (tuned) canal. Performance indicators were calculated and analysed. In the case of gradual flow changes، the maximum diversion of the water depth from the target was about 5% and was always in permitted range. In intense flow changes، the maximum diversion of the water depth from the target was about 8% and it was recovered in about 1 hour، which is a considerable time. The charts showing the variation of water depth at each turnout and the calculated performance indicators showed the satisfactory performance of CARDD control algorithm in gradual flow changes. In intense flow changes، although the maximum variation of the water depth was limited، the system response time was relatively long.

Lining of irrigation canals with suitable materials is imperative for sustainable agriculture in water scarce areas. Durability and seepage losses of different linings are related to three technical characteristics i.e. external factors, meteorological conditions and kind of flow. Therefore, it is necessary that in different areas, all various linings be evaluated and suitable lining chosen for decrease seepage loss and optimum usage from water resource. Total length of lined irrigation canals in Hamadan province of Iran is 800 km. More than 60% of them are concrete-lined canals and the rest have stone linings. The aim of this research was to determine water seepage loss in the main stone-lined canals irrigation network that serves the irrigated area on Hamadan plain. Six main canals with total length of 15.25 km were chosen to study in this area. Water seepage in these canals was measured by the inflow-outflow method. While water velocity was determined using a current-meter. The water seepage loss at canals was between 0.24 and 0.65 m3m-2day-1. The average seepage loss was 0.34 m3m-2day-1. It was noted that the average seepage loss of the chosen canals was much smaller than the value of water seepage loss for open concrete-lined canals in this area (20%). With reviewing or replacing of this lining instead of the concrete lining, the loss of water can be reduced and planning for optimal use yearly more than 6.4 M.C.M. in the entire province, equivalent to 20% of Ekbatan dam volume. It’s because of durability and longer-lasting of stony lining in such cold climate conditions.

Irrigation networks receive high amount of sediments annually, which cause operation and maintenance problems. The effects of sediments and debris, and their possible use in agriculture, were studied by field sediments sampling. Since most of the deposited sediments in irrigation networks are trunsferd from upper parts of the basin or the agricultural soils around them, they contain nutrients and could be used to enhance crop production. In this research, quantity and quality of the deposited sediments in Nekouabad and Abshar irrigation networks in Isfahan Province (taking water from Zayandehrud river), were studied from year 2000 and 2002. The chemical analysis of the sediments showed that average values of SP, EC, pH, OC, P, K, HCO3-, Cl-, SO4-2, Ca+2 and Mg+2, and Na+ were 71.4%, 4.31 ds/m, 7.03, 2.1%, 22.65 mg/l, 136.31 mg/l, 7.81 mg/l, 8.75 mg/l, 41.69 mg/l, 42.3 mg/l and 22.1 mg/l respectively. The texture of the sediments was loam or sandy loam. Comparison of average phosphorus concentration in the sediments showed that this element is more abundant in Abshar network than Nekouabad network (29 mg/l vs. 16.3 mg/l). But, there was no significant difference (p<0.05) between organic matter contents of the sediments (average of 2.11% for the two networks). Cadmium and lead content was negligible. It was also found that deposited sediments in canals were mainly debris and agricultural wastes and not much sediment was coming from. ..

Apply of suitable lining in irrigation canals to enhance conveyance and distribution efficiency, is one of effective methods to control of water and capital losses in part of agriculture.Different kinds of materials were used as lining to control water loss. Therefore its necessary that in different area all various lining are evaluated and suitable lining are chsen based on durability and economic. The aim of this research was to study economic effect of concrete lining in main irrigation canals based on reduction of water seepage loss, area of extentable irrited cultural and extention expence of lining in cold area of Hamadan province. Total length of concrete-lined irrigation canals in this province is 500 km. 12 main lined and unlined canals with total length of 26 km were chosen to study in this area. Water seepage in these canals was measured by the inflow-outflow method. While water velocity was determined using a current-meter. extention expences were determined in unlined and concrete lining of canals. The volume water losses through seepage at unlined and concrete-lined canals was determined 9.4 MCM and 5.19 MCM respectively. So with usage of concrete lining in earth irrigation canals, the seepage water loss has been reduced about 4.21 MCM. With this volume of water about 430 hac. of agriculture areas will be irrigated. Totall extention expences of 13.47 km of concrete lined-canals was 8355 million rials. Benefit-cost ratio in studied unlined and concrete-lined was 315 and 23 respectively. So with usage of concrete lining in earth canals benefit-cost ratio has been redused to 1/14. application of concrete lining in this cold area is not economic. It’s becouse of cracking and destruction of concrete linings in such a this cold climate condition.

The conjunctive use of surface and groundwater in irrigation networks influences the performance of canals. One condition of conjunctive use is to add the groundwater to the surface water via a canal to satisfy demand. Management and operation of the canal is a complex task that must consider demand variation and groundwater entering the canal. The variety of decision variables in conjunctive use requires the use of optimization techniques to determine optimal operation. Simulation models should be combinedwith optimization models for this purpose. In this research, an irrigation conveyance system simulation (ICSS) hydrodynamic model was used to simulate the flow in an irrigation canal. A combined optimization technique was used that considered the complex and implicit relations between the objective function anddecision variables. A model based on the shuffled complex evolution (SCE) optimization technique, a heuristic intelligent search technique, was used to develop an ICSS-SCE model. The proposed model was applied to the L8 canal of the Qazvin irrigation network, consisting of five conjunctive wells. Two options (25 and 40%) for demand increase provided by groundwater was considered. For each option, regular and optimum operations (four options in total) were taken into account. Optimal control settings (for water flow) were determined and canal performance for each option was calculated using the ICSS-SCE model.The results showed that setting controls according to optimal recommendations influenced by conjunctive use led to considerable performance improvement of the canal and intakes. The objective function of the canal was improved in two cases by 40-48%. In general, it was concluded that the proposed model was capable of determining optimal operation of the irrigation canals under conjunctive surface and groundwater use.