جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Methyl bromide » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

Disinfection of dry and semi-dry date palm cultivars are carried out with methyl bromide gas, but applying of this gas is restricted by international protocols. In this study, the combined effects of modified atmosphere, heat and packaging as a substitute for methyl bromide were investigated. The fruits were packed by vacuum packing machine. Atmospheric treatments were replaced with four combinations: 70%, 80% and 90% carbon dioxide and 90% nitrogen. The carbon dioxide treated packages were incubated at 35°C, 40°C and 45°C and the Nitrogen treated packages at 40°C and 45 °C for 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Traits including sugar content, relative humidity, soluble solids content and fruit pest infestation were measured. The results showed that there were significant differences between samples in terms of mean infestation by saw- toothed beetle at 1% probability level and for total sugar and total solids content at 5% probability level. The highest pH values were observed at the highest CO2 concentration in combination with the highest temperature. The pest control was completely done in samples treated with 90% carbon dioxide at temperature of 40°C and 45°C, 80% carbon dioxide at temperature of 45°C, and 90% nitrogen at temperature of 45°C. The results revealed that the placing of date fruits in polyethylene packages using (5%O2+90%CO2) and (5%O2+90%N2) treating at 45°C for 24 hours were suitable for disinfection of dates fruits.

The purpose of this research was to stop the proliferation of insects and microorganisms in dried fruits of fig cv. Sabz EStahban and to preserve the quality of the fruits by decreasing O2 and increasing CO2 and N2 in modified atmosphere packaging. Mold and yeasts, total counts of bacteria, commercial color, Lab factors, acidity, moisture, mold mycelium, alive and dead larva, alive and dead insects were evaluated. The properties were evaluated after 3 and 6 months storage of samples at 25 and 40°C. Gas treatments were: a) 70% N2 + 25% CO2 + 5% O2; b) 75% N2 + 50% CO2 + 5% O2; c) 20% N2 + 75% CO2 + 5% O2; d) 80% vacuum; e) control sample: 78% N2 + 0.3% CO2 + 21% O2. The effects of gas treatments were insignificant on color, acidity, and moisture, while they were definitely significant on granary pests such as larva, molds and yeasts, and bacteria. Reducing oxygen killed larva, fungi and bacteria. Control sample had the lowest dead larva. Modified atmosphere packaging and vacuum treatment caused significant depletion in granary pests in dried figs. So it can be a good replacement for methyl bromide.

In recent years a large number of pesticides used in the warehouses fumigation have been abandoned، and only methyl bromide and phostoxine are widely used for fumigation of foodstuffs and storage spaces. Due to possibility of health impairment، environmental contamination and resistance enhancement of insects، the use of these two fumigants is under scrutiny and restriction. Under such circumstances the need for to find out a safe، convenient، durable and economically sound control method is of out most important. There is widely held that the application of repellents could be a useful control measure in foodstuff storages. In this line، the repellency of Sirinol (garlic emulsion) was assayed on Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Oryzaephilus suinamensis (L.). To this end، larvae and adults of T. castaneum and O. surinamensis using three exposure methods viz، Petri-dishes، olfactometer Y- shape tube and porous cups that are the evaluation of ordinary methods of repellency، were exposed to 0، 0. 5، 1، 5 and 10 percent concentration of Sirinol. In Petri-dishes technique using 10% concentration of Sirinol، the maximum repellency rate occurred for larvae and adults of both species at 12 h، which were articulated 70. 44% and 74. 52 %، respectively. The Sirinol’s repellency rate for adults of T. castaneum and O. surinamensis was 81. 51%، and 74. 5% at 72 and 48 h، in a similar order. The maximum repellency of Sirinol using olfactometer Y- shape tube was detected 71. 11 and 66% for adults of T. castaneum and O. surinamensis at concentration of 10% and 24. 14 h. For porous cups technique، maximum repellency rate for adults of both test insects was observed for concentration of 10% and 12 h، and it was 46. 15% for T. castaneum and 39. 78% for O. surinamensis، respectively.