جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « : quality » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

Land use patterns play a significant role in the resilience of a city. However, the importance of buildings as a key factor in shaping the city and their impact on urban resilience should not be overlooked. One of the major obstacles to building resilience is the issue of their quality, which has become especially prominent due to the urbanization and the emphasis on luxury residential buildings. On the other hand, in recent years, due to significant conceptual changes, the notion of luxury has become a highly complex subject. This study was carried out to evaluate the factors affecting the quality of luxury residential buildings in Iran using the fuzzy best-worst method (fuzzy BWM). The BWM method provides a consistent structural comparison of factors through best and worst criteria. To determine the fuzzy criteria’ weights, the nonlinearly constrained optimization problem was applied. These criteria include strength and stability, physical comfort and mental peace, visual proportions and beauty, safety, security and environment, and welfare and health. The result indicated that the best and the worst criteria were Visual proportions and beauty and welfare and health, respectively, which can facilitate quality improvement. Additionally, the optimal weights determined in this study can be used to provide a quality management model in luxury residential buildings for future attempts with an emphasis on resilience in the face of environmental and non-environmental challenges and can be utilized in future research.

During the present century, the term location with its extensive range of meanings has been presented in almost all architectural spaces. Building of location has incarnated implications and beliefs of human beings and has a deep relationship with their existence. For a location to remain in the public minds, it must attract a vast majority of addresses and create a sense of attachment to itself. Sense of attachment is a sense of space that individuals feel themselves as a part of it and where they find their desires and transactions. Thus, space in this sense of location turns into a context for individuals’ social memories and meanings. One of the problems considered in today’s cities is the low quality of citizens’ life. This lack of quality results from inattention to location and its meaning; A location which relates humans with other layers of their existence and these layers help humans recognize their environment that leads to a general feeling to space in the addresses. This general feeling which is created after perception and judgment of a particular environment in person is called sense of location which is an important factor in creating coordination between the individual and the particular environment, better use of the environment, user’s satisfaction and finally a sense of attachment to environment and a continuous presence in it.Sense of attachment is a strong connection and a significant factor among people and location. This connection is positive and leads to an expanded deep relationship and individual’s interaction with the environment which can be more extended by the passage of time. In fact, sense of attachment is a human sublime feeling by which the individual and the environment interact with each other. This feeling finally leads to create individual, environmental and social deep connections. Based on ideas of existentialism, sense of attachment is a preliminary and essential need of humans which they try to satisfy. Different degrees of this feeling in architectural spaces has been accompanied by different feelings and reactions including different classifications in architectural spaces such as sacrifice for location, interest in location and commitment to location. As a result, creating a sense of attachment in architectural spaces leads to transforming them into meaningful locations for individuals and developing environmental-human connections and changing the space to a meaningful and lasting environment which will lead to the formation of a permanent location in the memories of human beings as well as their continuous presence. In this study which aims to retrieve  and introduce the role of each element and component forming the sense of location and attachment to it, experts’ opinions and judgments were considered based on reviewing texts and related documents on this subject. And by presenting analytical diagrams, roles of these factors in the formation of sense of location and attachment were analyzed. Finally, a permanent location model including the main parameters and factors as well as qualities affecting the formation of   a lasting sense of location in the minds of the public was presented.

Modernization theory today, as one of the newest theories, suggests the application of contemporary architecture in the process of action in valuable cultural and historical contexts. The most challenging issue among these is to identify the differences and similarities of this theory with other competing opinions and analyze its strengths and weaknesses. The main goal of the research is to reread the theory of contemporization for adding quality to the old textures through the experience of creating value for the heritage of contemporary architecture.

The current research strategy is logical reasoning strategy. It is a descriptive-analytical research method that uses the tactic of comparative comparison to advance the research process. The theoretical framework of the research is a combination of the master architecture theory and the theory of contemporization. Hence, the research analyzes and rereads the strengths and weaknesses of the theory of contemporization by comparing competing theories.

The analysis of research findings in two fields including the field of formal system (physical-structural system) and content system (1- economic, 2- social system and 3- environmental system) shows that the theory of contemporization can be better than the theory competitors such as reconstruction, renovation, improvement and regeneration; In the category of quality, it acts as a part of historical and cultural contexts and increases the quality of life of the residents.

The results of the research show that the theory of contemporization by emphasizing the design approaches and values of contemporary architecture increases the quality of historical and cultural contexts; Along with simultaneous emphasis on formal system and content system.

In general, place and space, regardless of the cultural context, are often discussed based on the concepts and studies of Western thinkers, and places and spaces formed in this culture are mostly measured and evaluated with non-native tools and methods. This research has been written with the aim of analyzing the quality evaluation indicators of desirable Iranian-Islamic contemporary housing based on the method of hierarchical analysis. In fact, first, using the Islamic epistemological framework and system from the type of narrated sources (Quran, narrations and hadiths), the indicators and, consequently, the quality components of contemporary housing were extracted. Then, these cases have been analyzed using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Expert Choice software. It should be noted that in this article, 48 questionnaires completed by experts (researchers in the field of housing, architects and urban planners, faculty members, university professors and doctoral students in the field of architecture and urban planning) were used. The case studies of the present study are based on the construction time parameter into 4 sets, which include the period of post-revolutionary buildings. In fact, the purpose of this article is not to compare the periods or just a random study of examples of this period, but to provide an overview of this period and the quality of contemporary housing according to different patterns and indicators derived from theoretical foundations and texts. It is an Islamic framework. The validity of the questionnaire was checked and confirmed by experts. Also, the internal consistency of the responses was investigated by calculating the incompatibility rate and since the incompatibility rate was less than 0.1, the reliability of the tool was ensured. The results indicate that according to experts, between the proposed and effective indicators on the quality of contemporary housing, the index of "human needs" with a weight coefficient (0.409) has the most impact, followed by the factor of "performance-activity" with Weight coefficient (0.204) has the second effect among the various indicators of contemporary Islamic housing quality.

There is a direct relationship between the factors affecting the quality of housing and its size . Recently, small-scale apartment units in a smaller area than previously considered small, due to the rapid growth rate of small households, rising housing prices, increasing rates of migration to metropolitan areas and lifestyle changes of the new generation are expanding. This expansion has taken place without scientific support in low quality and mostly due to high demand due to the above factors. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to extract and evaluate the effective and influential factors on the process of improving the quality of small-scale housing in the country. In this regard, first the variables were collected through the literature and then by content analysis and interviews with 10 experts in the field of housing by Delphi method, adjusted and verified. In the next step, through the structural-interpretive approach (ISM) with Micmac software based on pairwise comparisons in a matrix , the variables were scored with the opinions of experts. The research is of survey type in terms of basic-applied purpose and data collection. According to the results, 4 indicators in the field of influential variables, 7 indicators in the field of two-dimensional variables, 2 indicators in the field of dependent variables and finally 1 index in the field of independent variables. Also, the indicators of "interior architecture" and "level of general and specialized knowledge" with a score of 30 have the greatest impact on improving the quality of small-scale housing.

Waste reduction is a key factor and an essential infrastructure in creating a sustainable society. Although in recent years Tehran Municipality has taken good measures in various fields of waste management such as separation from the source, mechanized collection and construction of compost plants, but the amount of waste production in Tehran has not only not decreased but also It has also increased. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of waste production and separation of waste from the source in 22 districts of Tehran Municipality 

The present study is an analytical-descriptive method in terms of research method, depending on the nature of the problem, and to perform tests and analyzes from the model (AHP) and through Expert choice software in pairs in relation to the levels relative to each other. The information layers in the Arc GIS software environment are spatially modeled and the basic data required for analysis are presented.

The results of the present study show that the establishment of integrated waste management, gradual transfer of implementation of some elements of waste management, including waste recycling, collection, transportation to the private sector, management and supervision of municipalities on Waste affairs, attracting people's participation in the implementation of waste management programs, especially segregation at the source and recycling, communication of organizations and executive bodies related to public education and providing various trainings and culture by municipalities to organize waste management A city is mandatory and one of the basic solutions. Comparing the per capita amount of municipal waste production in different areas of Tehran with the maximum acceptable capacity of waste production, indicates the distance of waste production in all areas of Tehran from the maximum allowable amount. Therefore, in addition to planning and taking strategic measures to reduce urban waste in Tehran, these plans and measures should be designed according to the characteristics of each area and the quality and quantity of waste in that area.

The philosophy of openings, including doors and windows, and their formation process is very sophisticated. These elements are considered important aspects of the history and aesthetic values of the buildings. The architecture of these areas is of remarkable interest in sentimentality, structure, geometry, design principles, scale, decoration, consistency, etc. However, further investigations are required to recognize these valuable elements for future research and the progress of the studies and efforts. In recent years, the salesmen admit that the opening areas in Amir Arsan complex have been changed tremendously. In addition, the performance of these areas has also been transformed. The high-quality wood materials used to reconstruct opening areas have been recently replaced with metal frames. There, the openings do not seem compatible with the whole environment anymore. In some cases, the openings have been projected from the building, blocking the passages and deteriorating the building legibility. Moreover, the new decorations in the openings are not related to Bazar’s architecture, and the initial architectural precise details of Bazar have been lost. Most of the opening inscriptions that were added to the stores in the form of Azari Kalil vaults have been destroyed now, and only a few have remained. The aforementioned variations indicate the loss of originality in these valuable places. The continuation of this miss-performance may cause severe damages and destroy the identity of these areas.

The present study was performed via field research, documentology of the existing literature, and the use of questionnaires analyzed on a Likert scale. This study is comprised of two questionnaires that are based on the researcher’s investigations. An evaluated statistical society has been chosen randomly. The statistical population in the first questionnaire is composed of 30 passersby and 30 salesmen. The error coefficient was measured as 5% using the Cochran equation. The second questionnaire was distributed among 20 experts. In the first questionnaire, the quality of openings has been investigated based on three parameters, including performance, appearance, and identity. The obtained data were further analyzed with SPSS software, and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to measure the normal distribution of the scores for the studied parameters. In order to compare the three aforementioned parameters for two sub-groups, including the passersby and the salesmen, a one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) was utilized. The second questionnaire was based on location and compared the quality factors in two groups of design principles and architectural principles in seven locations.

A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized in the first questionnaire to help the two groups of salesmen and passersby evaluate the parameter of “performance” and its sub-factors. According to the results, the salesmen liked the parameter of “performance” (in the design of openings) more than the passersby; their average score values were 33.77 and 28.48, respectively. In the “energy” sub-factor, the passersby were more in agreement (9.84 average) than the salesmen (9.53). The sub-factors of “accessibility” and “strength” were scored 12.09 and 10.92 by the salesmen, which was more than the average score scored by the passersby (8.40 and 10.59). The obtained results in the “form” parameter suggest average value scores of 30.16 and 28.79 for the salesmen and passersby. In the case of sub-factors related to “entrance openings” and “main space”, the salesmen scored higher (9.78 and 12.57) than the passersby (8.34 and 11.50). Eventually, in the case of the third parameter, “the connection of the two openings entrances and main space”, the passersby admired the openings in these spaces more than salesmen, and their average scores were 8.78 and 7.76. The parameter of “identity” was the last investigated one, which was comprised of two “history” and “ecology” sub-factors. In the case of these two sub-factors, passersby scored 27, 18.37, and 8.88, which were more than the values scored by salesmen (25, 16.25, and 8.53). In the second questionnaire, concerning the quality of openings from the experts’ viewpoints, the obtained scores in the seven investigated locations (ranged from 19 to 109) indicate three weak (19-49), medium (50-79), and good (80-109) scales. Overall, the quality of openings in Amir Yard, the north Amir Timcheh, and south Amir Timcheh, Amir Rasteh (alley), east Dalan (corridor), west Dalan, and southeast Dalan was scored 55, 57, 56, 51, 54, 53, and 45, respectively. These scores were finally evaluated as weak.

The results reveal that there are 12 kinds of openings with inscriptions and 7 kinds of openings with coloring patterns in this Arsan. The average numeric values of the opening quality are scored 65 and 71 by salesmen and passersby from a total score of 115; they are indicated as low values. The quality of openings scored from 31 to 151 in three different rates (poor: 31-71, medium: 72-111, and good: 112-151). The quality of openings was scored in three rated from 19 to 109 according to expert’s opinion (poor: 19-49, medium: 50-79, and good: 80-109). As a result, the quality of openings in Amir yard, north Timcheh, south Timcheh, Amir Rasteh (alley), east Dalan (corridor), west Dalan, and southeast Dalan was scored 55, 57, 56, 51, 54, 53, and 45 respectively, which can be evaluated as medium scores. The quality of designing principles for openings in north Timcheh had the highest score, and the other places such as east Dalan, south Timcheh, Amir yard, west and east Dalans were rated differently. The quality of architectural principles had the highest score in south Timcheh, and the lower scores were related to the Yard, north Timcheh, east and west Dalan, Amir Rasteh, and southeast Dalan, respectively. The weakness areas of the openings are related to the lack of identity in the openings, ignoring the effect of color in the reconstruction of openings, narrow openings in Amir yard, the inconsistency of the yard openings due to different opening heights (the height of window surface to yard surface), visual distortions, and various changes in southeast Dalan. Consequently, paying attention to the parameters with low scores and proposing different solutions for improving the opening quality is necessary. It is also essential to enhance the existing potentials such as traditional and historical structural forms that are compatible with the environmental aspects.

The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the quality of urban services in urban areas of Ahvaz metropolis. The present research is of applied type and in terms of method, it is a combination of descriptive-analytical methods and in collecting data, library and field methods have been used. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess the quality of municipal services. The statistical sample size was determined using Cochran's method of 350 people and sampling method was performed using simple random method without replacement. Then SPSS statistical tool was used to analyze the data and EXCEL software was used to draw the chart. The results show that in Region 1, cultural-sports indicators and facilities and equipment are in higher priority for bed construction. In Region 2, health services, education and transportation are in good condition, and indicators such as parks and green spaces and facilities and equipment in this area are not in good condition. In Zone 3, the housing and education indexes are in a better position than the indexes. In District 4, the commercial and residential components are in a better position than other components of municipal services. In Region 6, the transportation situation and to some extent cultural-sports are at a good level. In District 7, the situation of urban service indices is unsatisfactory and in the study of indicators in District 8, it shows that the housing and transportation index are in a better position than other indicators.

Satisfaction with different aspects of life has been defined as "quality of life", which has long been considered by urban designers and planners, and even concerns with other disciplines related to it, including psychology and sociology. Improving the quality of life in urban spaces is highly dependent on the desirability of its constituent components. Contrary to research done in neighborhoods, new cities, etc., there is less research on the concept of social life in urban areas. Farhang Square (Nal-asbi) in Yazd Historical City has always been the setting for various events, so its reasons for being present and examining quality of social life in it that can help improve the performance of existing urban spaces. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the factors affecting quality of social life in Yazd Farhang Square, focusing on two “objective” and “subjective” dimensions of quality of life. The research method of this study was qualitative strategy and its data were collected through survey and descriptive-analytical method was used in the process of achieving results. The sampling method was simple random and the sample size was calculated by Cochran formula. Then, by analyzing the data through exploratory factor analysis, the factors affecting the quality of social life of citizens in the sample were identified and analyzed. The findings indicate that factors such as: (a) security and cleanliness, (b) greenness, (c) social events and interactions, (d) physical and mental health, and (e) happiness and life expectancy have the greatest impact on quality of life.

Asistant Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University Music is an abstract art which tries to make connections with the world of meanings, and architecture is an applied one, which can respond to mental requirements and convey transcendental thoughts on top of responding to physical needs. They share formal denotational aspects, whether qualitative or quantitative, and many have attempted to associate the two by drawing parallels between architectural and musical works, both structurally and conceptually, and to a lesser extent, by finding common purposes between them. Trying to introduce commonalities between architecture and music,with reference to the features of Iranian architecture and music, the present paper tries to focus on their qualitative aspects. Besides theoretical debates regarding commonalities and differences between architecture and music, it seems that many audiences have had personal experiences of finding modal similarities Iranian architecture and music.
The question is, therefore, that of formal and denotational commonalities between the two artforms, namely, which Iranian architecture factors make it coherent with Iranian music in the audience’s mind? To answer, it is necessary to start with recognising the two artforms’ characteristics, particularly in their Iranian versions. This is continued with a closer scrutiny in order to extract common qualities using a hermeneutic approach. In conclusion some factors are introduced, which can be used to understand commonalities between the two, recognising that the appreciation of these commonalities might differ from one person to the other.

Improving environmental quality is interwoven with enhancing its meaning. Semantic factors are applied to evaluate quality and the indicators of the two concepts of quality and meaning overlap. However, theorists’ viewpoints toward these two concepts are diverse so that some consider meaning as a quality indicator, while others refer to quality merely as the outcome of the presentational aspect of meaning. This has led to an ambiguity in determining the relationship between the aspects of these two concepts and, as a result, made it difficult to consent to what is implied as meaning or quality. The current study aims at clarifying the differences and the common points of the aspects and factors of the two concepts of meaning and quality, and determining their relationship, so that an agreement could be reached on these two fundamental concepts in both architecture hypothesis and criticism. Applying logical reasoning, this research defines a coherent general framework based on human-environment interaction, in which the position of each of the two concepts of meaning and quality is explained. Also, cognitive aspects of the environment, using the method of content analysis and literature coding, are categorized as the basis for matching and comparing the aspects of the two concepts. These two frameworks would function as the basis for search of and response to the ambiguities in the relationship between these two which, ultimately, would lead to the statement. In human-environment interaction, meaning undergoes perception and cognition, while quality is judged and evaluated. What is evaluated as the quality is the presentation and the final result of the cognition of the threefold aspects of the meaning, including functional, social and responsive. If the responsive meaning of an environment bears a positive affective load, the environment is considered to possess a good quality.

Light has various forms and degrees which causes latent concepts. Light makes everything seem clear. It is also expressed as a transcendental concept in religion. Beyond this, light has a considerable role to play in designing architectural spaces and without it, neither space nor form and colour, are visible. In architectural spaces, natural light creates various qualities which leads to different meanings and concepts. It is a significant point that light has multi-dimensional aspects which influences human beings’ perception. In other words light is not just a physical necessity but it has psychological and semantic value as an important and noticeable factor, and has affected human life. Therefore in Iranian architecture functional and conceptual approach to the subject of light, leads to creation of spiritual space in addition to functional ones.The multi dimensional nature of light, reveals the necessity of taking attention to its physical and semantic aspects in different disciplines. This research aims to clarify, how the semantic quality of space by receiving daylight, is perceived. The research background shows that the semantic aspects of quality and its relevant parameters, have not been investigated adequately in preceding studies. Considering this, on the one hand and the importance of day light as a natural resource which improves semantic quality of space; on the other hand, provided adequate reason to propose a research which attempts to investigate how the daylight affects the semantic quality of space. The main assumption of this research is that reaching the spiritual light, can be achieved by use of physical light in a targeted way. Therefore, in this paper, a qualitative research methodology with an analytical-interpretational and logical reasoning approach was used to provide an appropriate framework for process of understanding the semantic quality of space using daylight. In order to achieve the considered goals, first, the light was studied in the Holy Qur'an to investigate its function and application in general from the Islamic point of view. Types and degrees of light were extracted and classified at this stage. Second, the levels of meanings, was studied. This study tried to identify the levels of human perception. Determining the levels of space meaning perception and finding its relation with light degrees, clarified the main fact of the study. It manifested that, each one of the light degrees is percept by one of meaning levels. In this process, one of Imam Ali’s valuable expression, relating to this field, was used as an analytical and comparative tool. Consequently and based on previous findings shown in diagrams in the research process, a model of meaning perception, was proposed. This model reveals the quality of reaching spiritual light by the use of physical light. This approach to the subject introduces the light’s role in response to the metaphysical needs of human as opposed to its functional ones. The proposed model can reduce the gap between a high-level conceptual approach to the light and its physical application in architectural spaces and, ultimately can indicate the quality of the space meaning perception.

Development evolution with control and management framework is a major reason for residential crises at downtowns which results in gradual discharge and increase in its deterioration. The studied area of this research is an important part of the central texture of Mashhad; which is faced with same phenomena. Existence of Imam Reza’s Holy Shrine and his high number of pilgrims and tourists increased the importance for investigating and removing problems of this area.
This research tends to investigate potential threats and causes of the loss of the quality of residential areas as well as searching for solutions for modernizing and restoring the concept of “residence” in these textures with the goal of establishing sustainability.
This research primarily concentrates on the following questions:What are the main threatening factors for the studied old texture at downtown of Mashhad? What is going to happen on these old textures in the future? What is the approach of modernization plans of the studied old textures with a perspective of promoting residential quality and increasing their satisfaction? What are definitions and indices used to present a clear definition from different dimensions of “the quality of residential urban environment” at the studied old texture?
This is a descriptive analytical research which is established on scientific method with stages. Related theoretical fundamentals and literature analysis and analysis of current conditions were performed for determining indices and criteria of the quality of urban environments for having sustainable residence. Research conceptual model is one of the major achievements of this stage which is based on the origin of the subject or general concept of this research i.e. “promoting the quality of residential environment at old textures of the city of Mashhad”.
Data collection techniques partly included field study of the studied area; analysis and processing of which was performed using GIS software. For ranking and analyzing criteria and indices, we applied hierarchical analytic method and Expert Choice Software.
Using quantitative data collected from 120 questionnaires for control groups (urban experts, citizens, pilgrims, and tourists) this paper evaluated current status of the dimensions and constructive indices of the quality of urban residential environment.
Using AHP software, the importance of the most important dimension among eight dimensions of the quality of urban residential environments was determined for old structures located at downtown of Mashhad; and effective loads were tested and evaluated.
Findings of this research are presented in two parts: model test and hypothesis test. This paper emphasizes on the content that satisfaction of the residents of the studied area affects on sustainability of population and security of the area. Despite deterioration and decrease in efficiency of the texture, residence is still going on but in danger. It sounds that “increase in satisfaction of residents through promoting the quality of residential urban environment (sustainable neighborhood) is applicable; therefore, regeneration of old texture of the studied area is applicable subject to the approach for promoting the quality of residential urban environment and local sustainable development”. It is to be noted that environmental quality criteria, including experimental-perceptual, population- social- economic, ecological, in four main dimensions and based on functional priority have significant effect on amount of sustainability in residential tissue. The aforesaid dimensions are in improper status, average and threatened. In continue, most important dimensions in construction of the quality of urban residential environments of the studied area are operational. The Analytic Hierarchy Process results indicated that multiple land use criteria and a balance between jobs and housing in functional dimension, durability coefficient and controllable expenses of housing in social-population-economic dimension, the absence of pollutants in ecological dimension, and two other criteria, named citizen satisfaction and environmental security in perceptual-experimental dimension are the most prominent criteria affecting the quality of the aforementioned districts. These factors yielded the most important results in binary assessment among variables. 0.03 of analysis inconsistency rate is a sign of accurate judgment among criteria and indexes. By making alterations to the rest of neighborhood tissues of the district in city center, the suggested criteria and indexes of this study can be employed

social capital is one of the most important topics in the attention of academic and research circles in the last decade that can be defined as a set of norms, informal values, conventional rules and ethical obligations that form the reciprocal behaviors of individuals, but contribute to enhancing cooperation and social participation, and thus contributes to increasing engagement and social capital. On the other hand, there is a close relationship between the environmental quality of urban spaces and social capital without which it is not possible to upgrade capital in urban spaces. In the descriptive - analytical method this paper examines the quality dimensions of urban spaces and its relation with social capital, which has benefited from data collection tools including library studies and documentary studies. in the end, the components and quality criteria of urban spaces are mentioned in line with the promotion of social capital.

Today, there is a separation between the mentality of residents and buildings in the quality of residential constructions. This is due to factors such as the rise of modernity, the increasing population and urbanization along with the complexity of the relationship between the employer, the designer, and the user, the development of singularity, and quantity-oriented approach to residential environments. The history of public mentalities through the use of memory tool is a kind of interface between our subjectivities and their representations in the residential environments. This representation sometimes monitors the problem of meaning and sometimes reveals an identity or structure and thus influences all three dimensions of the quality of residential environments including micro, medium, and macro scale. At a micro scale, internal relations among residential units, at a medium scale, neighborhood relations among units and at a macro scale, relations between a complex and city are considered. By this assumption, this research seeks to answer the following question: What has changed the history of popular housing in the present time compared to the past in Zanjan? To this end, interviews were initially conducted with two groups of residents of new apartments and those living traditional and old constructions. Then, by analyzing the content, the main categories regarding the history of public mentalities were extracted from both groups. To test the reliability and generalizability of the categories to Zanjan, we tested them through a quantitative study. The results of the research indicate that the identity layer in all three scales of modern apartments is weak compared to old ones and therefore, today's mindset about the quality of housing is an individualistic and introverted subjectivity. However, in traditional houses, communication with other residents of the neighborhood and the city is always prioritized. This leads to the formation of a collective mentality. On the other hand, today, the physical, functional, and visual perspicacity of the interior spaces and houses receives top priority. Therefore, the history of today's mentality is somewhat more in the face of visualization, consumerism, and aesthetics (from a purely visual point of view) than it was in the past. Also, due to the weakening of today's houses, the importance of religion has diminished whilst the ancient houses were based on faith and religion, and portrayed a story of priority for credibility and pragmatism. Nowadays, environmental designers, planners, architects, etc., have to make the necessary assessments and implement them based on the findings of the research and take advantage of these rich traditional architectural teachings to find solutions to the problem. It is clear that the solution to this problem, in addition to the need for a change in the physical patterns, requires discussion of culture and change in the way of history and the history of public mentality. Thus, it is hoped that the path could be redirected while referring to the fundamental categories of human needs in the public domain in the sense of habitation in an interactive pattern of behavior.

One of the factors that gives quality to residential spaces in different periods, is decoration which is appearing in various kinds. In diverse periods, architecture provides a decent foundations for several other arts. Such as Calligraphy, Plaster molding, mirror decoration, Paintings and etc. These kinds of art have an important role by giving quality to the architectural spaces. According to this fact, lots of relics from Iranian famous artists are left as a memorial in historical places. Nowadays, different approaches of architecture and decoration disunites these arts, consequently, the role of each one in giving quality to space, is separated from each other and become less important. In this regard, a relevant question is "What was the role of decoration in giving quality to residential space?" and another question related to it, is; "Is there any relationship between decoration and architecture?" the other question is also, "Was there any system or organization for the presence of decoration in the residential space?"
To answer these kind of questions this paper investigates the state of decoration in past architecture. The authors had been using descriptive, analyzing and measurement methods in order to present the relation of decoration and architecture quality. On the other hand, evaluating the role of decoration especially wall-painting in the quality of residential space is the main purpose of this article. To achieve this goal, Yazd Shafipour house is chosen as a worthwhile case study. The authors have been used questionnaires, conducted interviews and documented their observations in order to obtain a precise investigation. Investigate the role of these decoration especially paintings in the quality of spaces and describes how these various “Art” is an uncountable noun. Replace “kinds of art” to make it countable. Appear in different spaces of Yazd Shafipour house. After that, by considering the decoration of this house, this paper classifies and describes all kinds of decoration that is used in Yazd Shafipour house. At the next step to evaluate the role of Yazd Shafipour house's decoration in the terms of its spaces, some questionnaires has been prepared and given to architecture students. Finally an analytical strategy has been has been employed and the result of these studies presents in the form of charts and tables. These results indicate that decorations have had a significant impact on the quality of the spaces in this house.
This article presents the order of facing with decoration for space designing. It also determines the importance of decoration in residential spaces. The final result indicates that decoration has a significant role in residential spaces. The most important role of decoration, especially wall-painting, is improving the quality of architectural space. It also has important components that play a fundamental role in the design process of architecture design for legibility and identity to the spaces, and designers must pay attention to the type of decorating and its amount proportional to space. The results of the studies showed that decoration have at least three different roles in the quality of a residential spaces: 1. Decoration promote the qualitative characteristics of space
With the advent of decorations, many qualitative features of space, such as artistic, imagination, complexity and diversity, are promoted.
2. Decoration moderate and then promote the qualitative characteristics of space
Decoration in the first stage acts as a moderator of qualitative characteristics of space, and in the second stage it improves the quality of space. The traits included in this category are: dignity, beauty and perfection.
3. Decoration moderate the qualitative characteristics of space
Decoration actually moderate some qualitative traits of space, and with increasing decorations the definite traits do not change. Traits that are balanced by decorations are: order, unity, calmness and greatness.
The results of this article will be used by designers and artists to give quality to the spaces they create.

Almost all visitors of works of Islamic architecture agree about a special quality that touched them deep inside in the direct experience of these places. This internal experience of quality, not necessarily restricted to encounters with works of Islamic architecture, has been rarely discussed and somehow been neglected in general studies or theories of architecture. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to disambiguate this concept with reference to Islamic mysticism, and then explain it in the architectural discourse. In this way, it can be stated that a work of architecture, like all natural and artificial phenomena in the cosmos, is a being of multiple ranks of existence. According to the doctrine of levels of existence (maratib al-wujud), place is an essence that corresponds to rank among levels. The quality and quantity (forma and materia) of place are two complementary aspects of its exterior existence, representing its essential rank. The main point is that between the two exterior aspects of place, quality is higher in rank than quantity, and it is affected by and directly related to its essence. Therefore, we can acknowledge that the deep effect felt in the presence of Islamic architectural works is primarily because of the living essence of these places that would permeate the visitors through the multiple levels of the quality of that place.