بازیابی

One of the main challenges in human life is dealing with disasters (natural and human). In recent years, the incidence of such incidents has affected the body of cities, especially urban infrastructure. The urban resilience approach is used to deal with disasters. Therefore, this research used a descriptive-analytical research method. First, the indicators of resilience of urban infrastructure were collected. Then, Delphi technique, ANP, and Super Decision software were used to analyze the data and determine the importance of the criteria. According to the research results, resilience of urban infrastructure is a new and multilateral concept, paying attention to reversibility and continuity of performance and activity along with initial empowerment. Resilience is one of the essential features of urban infrastructure and resilient of urban infrastructure design and planning is necessary for achieving a resilient city because, in the event of natural and humane-made threats, the interdependence of infrastructure leads to disruption and failure of the entire system cascade. Urban infrastructure resilience has a cyclic process of prevention, absorption, recovery, and adaptation. Also, among the indicators, Time consumed for returning to the baseline is in the first priority, rate absorption is in second priority, the degree of interdependence is in the third priority, and then, in terms of strength and quality of structural design, having critical and supporting infrastructure, available resources, replacement capability, spatial distribution, location, service, and per capita usage and multi_perpose use are essential.

Considering the growth and development in Iran and the change in life pattern from a producing society to a consuming one, waste and its type has changed, on the other hand consuming culture and using plastic materials in society has caused an enormous decrease in energy and natural resources. Considering the fact that consumption pattern revision needs its own culture and time to change a social habit, one of the most suitable methods of reduction in material and natural resources usage and its negative effects on economics can be waste management with the approach of recycling industry development. In this study it is attempted to introduce a suitable and effective ways about recycling industry development considering the existing condition of waste management in Mashhad.