جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « بوستان شهری » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

The three key concepts of time, place, and human behavior together shape space. The urban space and its changes are the result of human movement in time and space. Although there have been many discussions about the concept of space, the theories of time-geography and Lefebvre have had the most significant impact on urban issues.Urban parks, as one of the urban public spaces, are a suitable environment for the formation of behavioral camps. The presence of different human groups with diverse ages and genders in such spaces leads to the formation of specific places for individual and group socialization, creating a space of consumption with a special character. The surrounding environment as a result of time is very effective in the formation of the type of camp and its way of functioning.This research examines the rhythm of the behavioral hangouts of urban parks with regional (multi-neighborhood) function, using the case study of Ibn Sina and Baharestan parks in Zanjan city. This is because no special studies have been done on the subject of behavioral camp rhythm and the functional structure of rhythms in camp spaces, and most of the research has focused on explaining the formation of camps or the rhythm of spaces.

The current research is a type of qualitative research based on the descriptive-analytical method with the nature of discovery and the method of rhythm analysis. Data collection using field observation and continuous interview during the formation hours of the camp. Data analysis was done with qualitative methods based on communication matrix, rhythm and qualitative information tables with three main components of structure, dynamics and sociability of the environment.

The rhythm of the behavioral camp in the studied gardens is significant, active and explorable mainly in the spring and summer seasons. The use of space is different according to the type of camp, but they have functioned in connection with each other. Sports camps have more durability and annual continuity. The temporal continuity of the rhythm of the elderly-based behavioral camp has more daily and seasonal continuity in terms of the number and stability of people. In terms of the space allocation and the number of people, the youth behavioral camp has less space compared to other camps. Waterfront furniture elements, trees, play equipment, sports equipment, stones, chairs, trees, the smoothness of the park ground, grass, besides the spatial security factor, have a greater impact on the durability and daily continuity of the camp. Spatial dependence of camps based on the elderly, children and family have the highest ratio. The geographical distance of the residence in Tharbahank is less than that of the other centers. The type of space consumption in the studied rhythms is mainly social and sports in nature. The structural morphology of gardens (regular, irregular or linear geometric shape) is effective in the formation of the type of behavioral camp and its rhythm. The rhythm of the studied camps is mainly in daily and afternoon time sequence and has a specific location with fixed and variable people. Based on the correlation matrix, there is functional correlation and coherence between the variables. The rhythm of space use in the monthly time period shows that the behavioral settlements based on collectivism mainly have the starting point in April and the peak in August, and with the gradual change of climate (from heat to cold) they move to temporary disintegration and again with climate change. (from cold to heat) forms and peaks.

This research examined the rhythm of the social and age groups of the urban parks of Baharestan and Ibn Sina Zanjan. The study found that the rhythm of behavioral hangouts in urban parks is affected by a variety of factors, including:- The type of park: Parks with a focus on social activities, such as playgrounds and picnic areas, tend to have a more active and explorable rhythm than parks with a focus on sports or other passive activities. The time of year: Parks tend to be more crowded in the spring and summer months, when the weather is warmer and more pleasant. The weather conditions: Parks may be less crowded in inclement weather, such as rain or snow. The age and gender of park users: Parks tend to be more crowded with families and children during the day, while they may be more crowded with adults in the evening.The findings of this study suggest that the rhythm of behavioral hangouts in urban parks is an important consideration for park planners and managers. By understanding the factors that influence the rhythm of park use, park planners can better design and manage parks to meet the needs of their users.

In Iran, urban parks are one of the most important urban spaces. In the last one or two decades, with the changes that have taken place in the Iranian way of life, social interactions and the type of activity of people in urban parks have changed. What needs to be considered in this regard is how to plan for urban parks for the use of different age and sex groups. To do that, you need to discover the cultural resources of urban parks and the discovery of cultural resources is possible through cultural planning. Cultural planning has become one of the key approaches in urban planning. Cultural planning is a new place-based approach within which urban parks designers, planners and managers view culture. Cultural planning uses cultural resources in urban planning and urban parks include many types of cultural resources; therefore, it seems urban parks are one of the best places to be selected for cultural planning. Cultural planning uses cultural resources to enhance urban and community development. Cultural resources as the core part of cultural planning play a key role to form the pattern of events in urban parks. Cultural resources in urban parks can be categorized as urban parks, visible elements, and events (tangible resources); and meanings and associations (intangible resources). Elements and events present in urban parks are capable of evoking meanings and associations for them and lead them to form activities and events. These elements consist of man-made elements, natural elements, sensory elements, humans, animals and plants. Urban parks designers, planners and managers need to consider these elements and related events as tangible cultural resources that can be altered, replaced or reinforced. The tangible cultural resources in urban parks can lead to evoke meanings and associations for users as intangible cultural resources. The present study sought to find a model of cultural planning of urban parks. Interpretive methods have been used to study the theoretical foundations and the empirical background and to examine the phenomenon of urban park, cultural resources and the pattern of its events.  Finally, the proposed model is presented. The findings show that the cultural planning of urban parks includes various stages that need to be done in order to achieve the desired result. The first step is to choose the field of study. It is necessary to choose an urban park that has enough variety of elements and events, as well as meanings and associations for users. In the second step, cultural mapping, the cultural resources in the studied urban park are identified, including tangible cultural resources (elements and events) and intangible cultural resources (meanings and associations). In the third step, cultural assessment, the approach of urban park managers and policy makers towards cultural resources is analyzed and in the final step, creative methods are used to make optimal use of cultural resources to improve the urban park. First, the hierarchical method of urban park facilities is used to ensure that the facilities of the parks are adequate and appropriate to the needs of the community. Later on, the range of recreational opportunities appropriate to cultural resources and the diversity of users in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, language and diversity of cultural resources are presented. Conflicts, issues and problems will then be identified. For conflicts, major issues and problems that require immediate action, the approach of issues (categories) is used, and for conflicts, minor issues and problems, the organic or gradual approach is used. To promote the health, welfare and well-being of users, a community development approach is used that can make optimal use of cultural resources to empower the community, increase the sense of identity and sense of belonging to the parks’ users.

The purpose of ‎this study is to analyze the status of urban parks enjoyment and accessibility in Eslamshahr, a city ‎with a population of more than 540000 located in 12 Km southwest from Tehran. The research ‎method is Comprative evaluation and we use descriptive statistics indexes such as per capita and ‎covered land ratio, and accessibility measures based on minimum distance to the nearest park, and ‎the park access areas. Finding showed that both per capita park lands (2.2 m2) and ratio of park ‎lands are low (2.2 m2 and 1.3% respectively). There are also large disparities in spatial distribution ‎of parks as more than 42% of the city's area, in which more than 29.5% of the population reside in, ‎is not within parks access areas. This is while in the southern part of the city, access area of 10 ‎parks are overlapped. In term of accessibility, district 4th of Eslamshahr municipality in south, has a ‎more appropriate condition, so that half of its inhabitants reside in a maximum distance of 60 m ‎from nearest park. In contrast, district 5th has only one park and the distance between most ‎residents and the park is high. In order to move towards environmental justice, it is necessary to ‎allocate more land to parks and construct and develop parks, especially in the central part and in ‎the parts with no access to existing parks.

As a foundation of responsiveness and desirability of urban environments, physical Legibility affects the users’ perception, utilization and satisfaction of urban environments. In the context of urban parks, components of spatial Legibility can provide a variety of degrees of security; so the impact physical Legibility of urban parks on attendance and presence of individuals and also the security of these spaces formed the basis of present study. The statistical population of this study includes visitors of the mardom and Eram Park in Hamadan. The information of two experiment collected through space syntax method, open and closed questionnaires and the researchers’ answers and observations. The Ucl depth map software was used to provide Legibility map (mathematical analysis of intelligibility) Independent t-test; Pearson correlation coefficient and systematic linear regression analysis are employed for statistical analysis of the questionnaires. The results of the open questionnaire and researchers’ observations suggest that the respondents consider the same contexts as insecure spaces in the entire park. Findings of the closed questionnaire show that the sample evaluate the Legibility and security of Hamedan People Park as a high degree, in contrast to the general impression; in fact, the results of the research in two experiment, indicate that there is a positive and relatively strong relation between physical Legibility and citizens’ sense of security in the park. The order of importance of spatial Legibility components affecting the sense of security also demonstrate that the variables of visualizing elements recognition (path, node, edge, domain, sign and perspective), accessibility, structural composition and spatial configuration as well as geometry have the greatest influence, respectively, and the variables of visual obstacles and disturbances and highlighted architectural components of routing have the least impact on citizens’ sense of security in the park. Therefore, the improvement of Legibility components can be an effective step towards better security, desirability and quality of urban parks.