جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « توسعه پایدار روستایی » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

The importance of sustainable rural development and its vital role in further development in evolving countries is evident today. According to experts and scholars, having appropriate capital, especially social capital through participation and social trust is the most important factor. This study aims to analyze social capital for sustainable rural development in the three villages of Shahid Beheshti, Jizabad and Moradabad in the Bakharz county of Khorasan Razavi province, in which the empowerment project of local communities has been implemented. The target population in this study consists of 96 people (55 men and 41 women) who are members of rural development micro-groups forming nine groups. In this research, the relationship between trust and participation in the stakeholder network is investigated using network analysis questionnaires and based on direct observation and interviews with all actors, as well as measuring macro-level indicators (including density, bidirectional, translocation and geodetic distance in the two phases before and after the project). It indicates the average level of trust, participation and social capital before the implementation of the local communities’ empowerment project. After the execution of the project, the level of these indicators has improved and reached the desired level. The speed of circulation and exchange of trust and participation between individuals has increased as well, and it has also improved cohesion, unity and solidarity and cooperation between individuals. Thus, the project has enhanced the level of trust, participation and social capital, and as a result, has provided the social context needed for reaching the desired sustainable rural development.

Villages, as one of the human habitats, are always exposed to natural and human threats.Given the antiquity and breadth of rural areas, it is important to pay attention to the principles of passive defense in these habitats. Given that doing the principles of passive defense reduces vulnerabilities and damages; the main purpose of this study is to explain the strategies of sustainable rehabilitation of mountain villages in Noor city based on the principles of passive defense. In this way, the approach of the urban village, which is one of the new and efficient ideas for the development of rural areas, is used.The research method is descriptive-analytical and it's practical. Data collection was based on documentary and field studies.The analysis of the obtained information was performed using SWOT method and the necessary strategies for improving security and sustainability were presented according to the principles of passive defense and urban village approach by using QSPM quantitative matrix. Local people, specialists, experts and officials of institutions in charge of the study area make the target population of this study. The findings show that the natural environment suitable for the mountainous villages of Noor city from two perspectives of passive defense and the idea of urban villages is a good opportunity for sustainable development of these areas.It is also necessary to use this opportunity and other strengths of rural areas in the four physical, social, economic and environmental aspects.

Agrotourism or agricultural tourism is a constructive interaction between the tourist and rural people, during which people's lives, art, culture, and most importantly, their agriculture, are known to the tourist and direct income and economic development are provided. Agroturism as a subset of rural tourism is one of the most suitable areas for sustainable development in villages. The attractiveness of this type of tourism is more due to the cultural dimensions that villagers give to it. This is an issue that, unlike the world's experiences in this field, has not been taken into account in Iran. Anyhow, currently, in Iran special villages under the title "Tourism-target Village" are identified and for the presence of tourists in the village and the economic, cultural and social potential of the people living there, various plans are carried out.
But what agroturism suggests is that this rural tourism model can be the basis for development in any rural village, if they are accompanied by accurate study and proper planning. Even with villages that do not have specific features, such as attractive natural sceneries or special historical site, agrotourism can be effective. The basis of agrotourism is agriculture, which is the welfare of the villagers of the country.
In order to investigate the success rate of this type of tourism, the program "Agricultural Tourism Tour" was conducted in a limited time experiment in the village of Garmeh, Fariman in Khorasan Razavi province. The present paper first explains the implications, benefits and harm of agro-tourism, and further elaborates on the details of this project by analyzing-descriptive method based on field observations and questionnaires and using the SWOT model, which is a tool for combining the findings of analysis, external threats and internal capabilities, it tried to show how to operate agro-tourism in rural areas other than Tourism-target Village. At the end, the strategies for the growth and expansion of this type of tourism are expressed in terms of the results of the SWOT matrix. Research questions are: how can agroteorism, in its full meaning, be effective in villages other than the tourism-target villages? What is the solution to this problem with the least damage to the texture and cultural identity of the village of Garmeh?
The results show that if agro-tourism is to lead to sustainable development of villages and to play a positive role in the lives of rural people, it needs to develop and identify specific strategies, environmental management, development of local partnership, explicit and firm rules, sustainable marketing and realistic planning. However, in the studied village, although it has got positive factors such as wildlife attractions and pristine nature, a calm and quiet natural environment, the possibility of having organic vegetable and medicine plants, and also the existence of basic infrastructure such as water and natural gas, which are essential for growth of tourism, but some weaknesses of the village can affect them. Like  distortion the rural landscape due to the uncontrolled construction by the second and third generation villagers, lack of environmental attention and also unwillingness of the villagers to enter the tourist due to cultural and religious differences. These have to be considered very seriously in order to attract tourist.  The formation of a council and also encouraging farmers to participate in this program much more are the second step that can be considered. In addition, having a financial mechanism, controlling harms and raising awareness through education can boost economic growth in the village by relying on agro-tourism.

Renewable energy systems (RES) have a vital role in a country’s rural and comprehensive development programs. Renewable resources for the generation of electricity (e.g., wind, solar, geothermal, etc.) are typically most abundant and practical resources for development in rural areas. Such green development plans create an opportunity for rural electric utilities that are at a geographical advantage for investment in these projects. Renewable energy systems represent the most environment friendly and cost-effective means of providing electricity to those living in rural communities or regions in developing countries. However, providing energy for rural areas considering the geographical desperation, various different climate conditions, demographic variation, economic crises, etc. requires substantial time and facilities. 
Governmental energy supply strategies and dependency on fossil fuels has slowed the process of renewable energy system developments. However, environmental pollution caused by fossil fuels,electricity production and the high associated maintenance costs of the distribution grid has always been problematic in rural areas. These issues have led countries to shift toward clean energy strategies. However, this has been relatively slow and in many countries the proportion of the rural population supplied with electricity remains low and the proportion supplied with electricity from renewable energy systems is even lower. There are technical, social, cultural, institutional, geographical and economic barriers to the deployment of renewable energy systems and, thus, to their ability to contribute to the long term development of rural clean energy. This paper aims to analyze barriers and suggests promising approaches for overcoming them toward a sustainable development in Iran. To understand the causes of this barriers, first a literatures review on rural renewable energy development programs in developing countries is under taken. Second, findings from a survey on the expertise’s knowledge state of renewable energy development in rural areas of Iran have been used to define optimal development solutions and comments to overcome technical, economic, social and political barriers. 
A questionnaire was sent to one hundred and ten experts. Which thirty-eight of them responded, including 17 experts in the field of energy and 14 experts from the field of urban planning and development, and Seven experts from responsible agencies. Eighteen of the above-mentioned were university faculties and twenty-three of them had a Ph.D. It should be noted that the number of distributed questionnaires was based on the ratio of the number of questions to each subject field. 
Results show that in Iran, about two third of barriers are related to economical (37%) and political (29%) issues. These results are in line with developing countries such as Pakistan. However, in developed countries such as Austria despite the supportive policies, policy issues are still counted as main renewable energy development barriers.  The present study has tried to examine the renewable energy development strategies by assessing the barriers to clean energy in rural areas and recognizing development capacities in the country, which could lead to priorities such as the allocation of clean energy subsidies, long-term and short-term loans, educational and cultural development in this field and engaging relevant organizations such as, policy makers, consumers, NGOs and media. Certainly, rural environments in terms of energy demand and consumption intensity, geographical dispersion and different economic conditions are different than urban environments. For this reason, policies, programs and public mechanisms should be based on statistical knowledge and understanding the capacities. Also, due to the importance of energy economy, on a larger scale, the level of access to energy and its relationship with the income level of individuals, should also be studied in comparison to urban conditions and rural areas of other countries.

The limitation of fossil resources and the rapid growth of energy consumption in the world are among the factors that encourage researchers to access new and renewable energy sources. Biogas is one of the most renewable resources that can be used in farms for ranchers. The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility of producing clean energy from biogas from animal waste in Iranian villages for livestock experts. Fingerprinting has been used in this research. The statistical population of the livestock experts was four provinces of Iran (337 people), who’s sample was 181 according to Morgan table and stratified random sampling. Based on the findings, eight criteria for the feasibility of biogas production were extracted from animal waste, including socio-cultural, economic, technical, skill, environmental, climatic, infrastructure, information, promotion and education. Also, the significance of each criterion in experts in the provinces revealed that in the province of Fars socio-cultural criteria, in Khorasan Razavi province, infrastructure indicators, in Golestan province, economic and in Kermanshah province, the criteria of infrastructure and climate were more important. It is recommended that groups and organizations of livestock breeders be formed in Iran to make biogas available, provide facilities and provide financial resources. Centers to support and train skilled specialists in the field of installation, maintenance and repair of the biogas plant. Also, given the importance of biogas as a clean energy, it is recommended that future research be focused on the social dimension affecting the implementation of biogas. The conditions for the adaptation and development of biogas in different regions should be examined and the assessment of the social impacts of the implementation of biogas, like all development projects, should be carried out.

Rural governance is Modern process that has principles, criteria and indicators different from the Approaches of their previous rural management Caused In the empowerment of rural areas residents in different field. The most important Principles, criteria and indicators of good governance, rural Consist of are) Rural resident's popular participation, Accountability, accountability, and respect for the rule of existing laws, transparency, efficiency and effectiveness, fairness and equality, communitarians (collective agreement). This study is a qualitative and fundamental research (Theoretical) and have been conducted based on the documents (Library). The results of reviews Theoretical approach to rural good governance in the rural development of management indicates that This approach with the principles, criteria and indicators are listed could be a good approach in the rural management of modern and essential role in the sustainable development of political, economic, social, physical, spatial and rural development managed.

Nowadays, the approach of strategic planning is prevalent in nearly all developed countries and it has formed the basis of a variety of rural development plans which have been implemented in different forms and under different titles. This Study is aimed to tourism development in the village of Afjeh. The matrix of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats has been applied to the planning of major strategies. Then, with regard to the position of village in the figure (IE), the optimal strategy for the region will be selected. These tools rely on information obtained from the first phase and then the opportunities and external threats would be compared with SWOTs. To present the various possible strategies effectively, the process of “comparison” between internal and external factors can play an important and crucial role. The final conclusion of the external factors evaluation matrix (the final score of 3.1) indicates that the opportunities for the tourism of the region have been more than its threats and so the macro strategies for the tourism of the region should be compiled, therefore the environmental opportunities can be used in the best way. Regarding the final conclusion of the internal factors evaluation (the final score of 2.46) indicates that the strengths of the region’s tourism are relatively lesser than its weaknesses and macro strategies should be formulated so that the available weaknesses could be overcome. It means that considering the village of Afjeh is in cell (part) “I”, a conservative approach based on internal maintenance and support should be adopted. It also must be noted that because of the proximity position of this village to cell (part) “II”, the adoption of an offensive strategy for this region should be considered.