جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "دوران قاجاریه" در نشریات گروه "هنر و معماری"

Architecture is designed to answer people's cultural and environmental needs. every part of society affects this architectural design. Islam's emphasis on privacy and veil causes has led to domination and great effect of these two factors on all social and cultural dimensions - architecture being one of its manifestations. Privacy not only exerts other criteria to traditional housing, but is also considered as the most important factor of housing construction.
The main objective of present study is to understand the level and importance of privacy in the Qajar period housing architecture and traditional houses of Dezful city were chosen as a case study. Dezful is known as an era with religious people and very bonded to Islamic principles from the very past. Privacy is one of the main features in traditional houses of this city, the issue examined in this article. The main research question is: "what are the essential factors and elements of forming privacy in traditional houses of Dezful city in Qajar era? The research method is descriptive-analytical which applied was delivered based on library studies in the field and regard to privacy, urban architecture of Dezful and Qajar era and accompanied by field studies with direct observation of traditional houses of Dezful. Eight indexed traditional houses – which were chosen by Non Probability Sampling method - were studied and analyzed in this study.
The results indicate that space is divided and separated in two “indoor and “outdoor” spaces in traditional houses of Dezful; and the division of private and public spaces of the hos, using loggia, central and connecting and interface corridors, room portals and waiting rooms, controlled openings and low height thresholds and similar solutions have led to forming and creating privacy in Dezful traditional houses. What’s more, architects have formed and created the private territory by creating various movement levels to circulate in spaces, creating interface spaces to prevent any direct access to the household’s environment and various architectural solutions and arrangements.

The province of Khuzestan and ancient city of Dezfool are from among the most prosperous regions of Iran. Inhistorical perspective, there are lots of traditional monuments which show the quality of rich and valuable history ofthis ancient region. Dezfool has a hot semi-arid climate while in Köppen climate classification called “BSh”. Dezfoolhas extremely hot summers and mild winters, therefore the weather in summer is harsh. The level of rainfall ishigher than most of southern Iran, especially in winter to spring time. In other words, harsh climatic circumstancesof Dezfool made a necessity for its traditional architecture to be closer and closer to compensating outdoorsituation. In traditional architecture of Iran, buildings were planned by adoption of different approaches in order tofit the needs and demands of its inhabitants. Thus rethinking about the meaning of “Home” in valuable culture ofIran, might be considered as a source of inspiration for contemporary architecture in general, and for contemporaryarchitecture of developing countries such as Iran especially. It is very important to explain that nowadays morethan ever, learning from eco-friendly concept of traditional architecture is significant to make a better future forcontemporary architecture of developing countries such as Iran.This paper is to show the leading role of climate in outlining contemporary architecture. Therefore eleven exemplarof Dezfool houses in Qajar era selected by purpose as case studies of the paper. The research team organizeda questionnaire for data gathering from among eleven invaluable houses which selected by purpose in Dezfool.Focus discussion group (FDG) was set in order to interpret the questionnaire in which five experts gathered tocollaborate and find the possibility of role climatic issues in outlining contemporary architecture of Dezfool in Qajarera. Contemporary architecture of Dezfool in Qajar era might be called one the most prosperous periods in whichconsiderable number of valuable buildings are made by the hand of its wise architects. Literature review of thepaper shows that in Iranian culture, home is an illustration of peace and prosperity for family members to keepthem safe and relax especially in harsh climate such as south-west of Iran. It is very important to explain thatsome classical issues like balance between building and urban scale, separation of public and private sectors ofhouse, spatial sequence and socio-cultural could easily be identified in traditional architecture of Iran especially inKhuzestan and Dezfool in Qajar era.The results of the paper show that the main parts of Dezfool contemporary houses such as entrance, vestibuleand corridor, yard, porch, hall, bedroom, belvedere etc. show that all these parts have a lot to do with climatewhile those are from among the most leading elements of architectural identity in this region. The results indicatethat some classical issues like balance between building and urban scale, separation of public and private sectorsof the house, spatial sequence and socio-cultural issues have a lot to do with climate in contemporary houses ofDezfool in Qajar era.... Keywords: Climate, Contemporary Architecture, Dezfool Houses, Qajar Era.