جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « شهر زنجان » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

Urban growth as a dynamic phenomenon is an evidence of population growth, economic development and the increasing importance of cities. The goal of this paper is the assessment and evaluation of spatio-temporal expansion of Zanjan city in five time periods using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Shannon's relative entropy. In this research, the aerial photographs of 1973, 1982, 1998, and satellite images of 2008 and 2016 were used to achieve the goal. After data preparation, to determine the amount of expansion in urban areas of Zanjan, ten sides (zones) of growth were taken into account. The hypothesis of zoning the expansion area creates an obvious view of the urban expansion as a whole, the sides of development and the amount of development in each time period. The results of this study show that Zanjan still is not scattered because Shanon rational entropy has not become more than 0.5 till now. The results represent useful guidelines for modeling urban sprawl, understanding the motivations for urbanization and forecasting the patterns of future urban developments.

The government found more religious convergence with the people in the Qajar era. Because, in addition to the people, the government was also active in constructing religious places, such as Dolat (government) and Nasiriyah Tekyeh in Tehran and Zanjan city. This factor not only increased the influence of the Shi’i religion and publicized its religious rituals, but, in addition to influencing the physical organization of the city, it paved the way for another structure too. This structure was not defined by physical element such as the main structure. Contrary to the main structure, this structure was a symbolic and semantic that arose as a result of social action. This structure was a result of citizen’s image of mind of the urban spatial sense and identity that the social construction (religious behavior of citizens) has played a major role in its shaping and, contrary to the main structure of the city, has undergone a change. The purpose of this research is to explain the role and influence of the Hosseinieh Azam (great Hosseinieh) in the formation of the secondary structure of Zanjan in the Qajar era. The research method is historical, descriptive and analytical. Documentary and field study method has been used in gathering the required information. Results of this research showed that the construction or development of the great Hosseinieh and the formation of its mourning group in the Qajar era have played an important role in creating the secondary structure of the city of Zanjan. A structure that has persistence to this time.

Urban regeneration in order to revive historical structures and monuments by emphasizing the preservation of cultural values ​​and protection of indigenous wealth can, in addition to preserving and strengthening the main ossification of the city, lead to economic growth and urban development and appropriate economic groups to promote and generate municipal revenues. On the other hand, the Iranian-Islamic city is a reality that exists and it is necessary to formulate and specify its rules and regulations according to its attributes, values ​​and language of design. In this research, which is an applied research based on documentary studies following a survey-descriptive method, while explaining the criteria and indicators of the Iranian-Islamic city, an attempt has been made to study the current situation in Hosseinieh and Nayeb-Agha neighborhoods in Zanjan. Factors involved in urban regeneration that are in accordance with the characteristics of the Iranian-Islamic city have been identified, followed by criteria for the regeneration of historical sites, which will be more compatible with the principles of Iranian-Islamic city. Findings indicate that in the study area, preservation of the historic tower and fortifications of the city and reliance on Tekyeh Hosseinieh as the main principles representing the Iranian-Islamic city should be a priority. Therefore, accurate knowledge of the characteristics of the Islamic Iranian city is a vital step in recreating the city model.

1. Familiarity with the principles of architecture of Iranian and Islamic cities.
2. Finding desirable criteria for recreating historical sites based on the principles of Iranian-Islamic cities.

Research questions:

1. What are the criteria and characteristics of an Iranian-Islamic city?
2. In urban regenerations, can the pattern of Iranian-Islamic cities be chosen as the design pattern?

The public areas of the city as a platform for public human activities necessity not only be comprehensible and safe but also need to have perceptual values for the users. Visual values are the most significant part of environmental qualities. Citizens' perception of the visual qualities of the city depends on the introduction of visual values and image and urban landscape, which is considered desirable by citizens. In this regard, and to improve the visual quality of the environment, the purpose of this study is to identify the criteria and visual values of urban visual corridors and their spatial-location analysis based on quantitative indicators and criteria. Also, considering the value of citizens' perceptions of the urban public area, the importance of each of the factors with the final output as the quality of visual values in the visual corridors has been measured quantitatively and spatially. For this purpose, the visual corridors leading to the Enghelab Square of Zanjan, which also has historical and cultural values, have been selected for study and evaluation. The present spatial research method is descriptive-analytical that to quantitatively measure the objectives, spatial regression analysis, and spatial modeling with the use of ANP logic in Super Decisions and GIS environments have been used. The results show that the legibility with an average value of 0.58 has a higher quality value in the study site and the factor of green and natural space with an average weight of 0.41, and the urban landscape elements with an average weight of 0.36 are in the next ranks. have taken. Also, the results of calculating the spatial regression between the factors and the final quality of visual values showed that from the citizens' point of view, the legibility factor with the spatial regression rate of 0.80 and the continuity and sequence factor with the correlation rate of 0.66 and the walls and environmental aesthetics criteria with correlation rate of 0.52, respectively, had the highest correlation coefficient with the final output of the quality of visual values in the study area.

Present-day technologies have necessitated the legibility and mental wellbeing of urban environments. This is particularly of note in places of tourism and pilgrimage attraction, with the distance between urban nodes influencing people’s decision where to live. The present research acknowledges the influence of urban elements on legibility based on users’ opinion, library and applied studies, and statistical analyses. Among objectives are a study of satisfaction and mental wellbeing resulted from the sense of legibility and security, and their effect on choosing living places. Eye-tracking software is used here for location finding and spotting urban nodes. The research offers optimised design methods for urban elements and nodes, and also explores the relation between neurosciences and environmental sciences. It is hoped that this will play a role in improving both physical and mental aspects of urban design, and prompt other researchers to further explore the relation between neurosciences and urbanism.

Nowadays, the cities are rapidly transforming due to such reasons as the spatial structure, economic and social relations. Therefore, they need new approaches in urban management. Urban spaces are physical manifestation of citizens’ social needs and provide the necessary groundwork for access and provision of services required by users. They make the conditions for all users (men and women) to fairly use and enjoy the urban space. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the factors influencing women’s travel behavior in Zanjan. The study is an applied research and the methodology is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population includes 15-50 year old women in Zanjan. The sample size was determined using Cochran’s C test (384 questionnaires) and the samples were selected through random sampling method. In the present study, we first aimed at investigating and identifying urban traffic patterns based on theoretical foundations and 9 components. Questions are quantified on the Likert scale and Gutmann spectrum. Then, the patterns of women’s traffic in the city and its significant difference from the various forms of urban transport system are analyzed using these indicators. Data was analyzed in SPSS, using Kruskal-Wallis test, analysis of variance and correlation tests. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to test the reliability of questions. Information obtained from the questionnaires indicated a relationship between car ownership, occupation, family structure and travel behavior. Results show that owning a personal car leads to more mobility among employed women. In addition, women who have children are more dependent on personal cars than men, because they are not satisfied with the performance of urban public transportation. The results of this research indicate that women’s needs are not considered in urban transport planning. With the differentiation of functions in cities, transportation has affected the social and economic dimensions of women’s lives in the city.
In addition, couples with children mostly use personal cars for transportation. This is apparent from the great difference in the average personal car usage in the group of women with children owning personal cars (54.56) and women without children with personal car ownership (20.6). Employed women drive more than housewives; they tend to use personal cars. Higher comfort, speed and safety are the reasons for driving personal cars rather than using other urban transportation forms. Women’s dissatisfaction with the public transport system (0.033) can be one of the several factors in increased traffic congestion and dependence on personal cars in the urban transport system of Zanjan. Housewives who own personal cars do not advise the use of public transport system. They will use alternative methods if the condition of public transportation improves.

Today, there is a separation between the mentality of residents and buildings in the quality of residential constructions. This is due to factors such as the rise of modernity, the increasing population and urbanization along with the complexity of the relationship between the employer, the designer, and the user, the development of singularity, and quantity-oriented approach to residential environments. The history of public mentalities through the use of memory tool is a kind of interface between our subjectivities and their representations in the residential environments. This representation sometimes monitors the problem of meaning and sometimes reveals an identity or structure and thus influences all three dimensions of the quality of residential environments including micro, medium, and macro scale. At a micro scale, internal relations among residential units, at a medium scale, neighborhood relations among units and at a macro scale, relations between a complex and city are considered. By this assumption, this research seeks to answer the following question: What has changed the history of popular housing in the present time compared to the past in Zanjan? To this end, interviews were initially conducted with two groups of residents of new apartments and those living traditional and old constructions. Then, by analyzing the content, the main categories regarding the history of public mentalities were extracted from both groups. To test the reliability and generalizability of the categories to Zanjan, we tested them through a quantitative study. The results of the research indicate that the identity layer in all three scales of modern apartments is weak compared to old ones and therefore, today's mindset about the quality of housing is an individualistic and introverted subjectivity. However, in traditional houses, communication with other residents of the neighborhood and the city is always prioritized. This leads to the formation of a collective mentality. On the other hand, today, the physical, functional, and visual perspicacity of the interior spaces and houses receives top priority. Therefore, the history of today's mentality is somewhat more in the face of visualization, consumerism, and aesthetics (from a purely visual point of view) than it was in the past. Also, due to the weakening of today's houses, the importance of religion has diminished whilst the ancient houses were based on faith and religion, and portrayed a story of priority for credibility and pragmatism. Nowadays, environmental designers, planners, architects, etc., have to make the necessary assessments and implement them based on the findings of the research and take advantage of these rich traditional architectural teachings to find solutions to the problem. It is clear that the solution to this problem, in addition to the need for a change in the physical patterns, requires discussion of culture and change in the way of history and the history of public mentality. Thus, it is hoped that the path could be redirected while referring to the fundamental categories of human needs in the public domain in the sense of habitation in an interactive pattern of behavior.

Worldview and ideology of Islam is one of the main factors in shaping of Islamic cities which is related with Iranian thinking. It is formed Iranian-Islamic urban planning pattern in each settlement complex. In fact, Islamic city has a constant nature in which it has its own physical manifestation at any particular time and place. In other words, Islamic city has a potential nature in which it can have its own particular manifestation based on technology, available materials, updated knowledge and art in Public cultural space (Which is not in conflict with Islamic values and principles) at any time and place. So, Islamic city is a concept that numerous researchers have done different studies to achieve it. While providing a model of quarter space is existing concern in this field. Hence Iranian - Islamic model of quarter refers to systematic maps of the predetermined spaces in the quarter level according to the physical situation. The model is based on three basic elements including mosque oriented, quarter oriented and market. This study aimed to recognize the physical characteristics of Iranian - Islamic cities and provide a spatial pattern of the quarter and its structure based on the Islam principles Such as monotheism, prophet hood and resurrection in Iran cities. This study considers the assumption of identifying city quarter’s design aspects in Islamic period to apply considered principles in spatial designing quarters. Land army barracks quarter in Zanjan city is used as a case study. Research Methodology in This study is Development type with application approach which the text and content analysis is used to analyze the data. The results show that the use of the mosque as a multi-faced land use is associated directly with monotheism and indirectly with the resurrection. Its physical manifestation in city indicates Islamic-Iranian identity. The results show that in Islamic-Iranian cities building blocks associated with quarter scale, mosque relation with quarter spatial structure, quarter tissue relation with topography, surrounding spaces relation with mosques, central quarter religious pattern, blocks’ size, gridded streets, privacy and covering principles in designing are basic factors in designing spatial quarters. All these factors are parts of Islamic factors which can be applied in Land army barracks town in Zanjan as suitable design pattern. On the other hand, placement of services use with mosque-oriented can establish a collective space and social relations regulated with a focus on Islam. Finally Data existed in Isfahan school and data gathered in this study can be considered simultaneously (amalgamated) in order to be conformed to Islam principles and be used in cities quarters design. According to analysis and obtained results of the research case study can be stated which showing the Iranian – Islamic urban planning principles that effect of Iranian - Islamic schools such Isfahan school in the city quarters physical, explain and demonstrate thevarious aspects of Islam religion and its crystallization in the cities which it is reinforcement and giving identity to the Iranian and Islamic culture and thoughts in Iran urban s ystems and urban planning.

Cities are the pinnacle of human civilization and urban centers are the heart of cities. Urban centers are special areas within cities which have witnessed historical trend of upheavals and are a result of a profound connection between the territory and its inhabitants, a connection which reflects the whole society itself, linking the changes of the human community to the central limits of the city. When modernization came to Iran, the city became a reasonable place and urbanism changed to a desirable style of living. Urban centers in Iran have not only been close to modernistic changes but also have experienced the highest scale of urban changes and problems. Zanjan city as a city which has not been far from recent changes is a clear example of undesirable and unwanted changes in the center of a city. Lack of adaptation to the new style of living in the old and historical structure of the center of Zanjan city is a problem which has resulted in numerous undesirable events in the existing space and structure. The existence of a close and intricate link between the numerous problems related to the city center is like a puzzle, the right solution to which is in a solution different from the current trend. Multilateral links between the capabilities and opportunities of this area with a glance at the existing undesirable status is an idea which again challenges the definition of what has occurred. In this regard, Strategic Thinking Approach was used as a strong approach with such characteristics as creativity and logical thinking in the process of strategy development for analyzing and identifying issues and problems. Among the numerous models propounded, the Iranian model of Ghaffarian & Kiani was used to achieve the strategic thinking needed for analyzing the spatial-physical structure of the limits of Zanjan city center. The objective for selecting such an approach was to assess and identify important factors creating problems within the physical spatial structure of the city. The research purpose, method of evaluation, and collecting the findings was accomplished through library research, surveys and questionnaires. The survey sample size was 153 people selected among Zanjan citizens. The analysis of the obtained data was carried out using descriptive and analytical methods of AHP and Fishbone. The results of the research demonstrate that the factors which created issues and problems in the central area of Zanjan city were, in order of importance, traffic, shortage of parking space per capita, shortage of entertainment, recreational, and cultural facilities per capita as well as lack of free time enjoyed by people. In terms of eliminating each of the aforesaid problems, traffic associated with the influence of other problems and difficulties requires the most effort. By eliminating the identified problems and difficulties using the Strategic Thinking approach, the central limits of Zanjan city will enjoy the maximum benefits resulting from the identified opportunities in this area. We also conclude that Strategic Thinking approach has considerable capacities for analyzing the spatial-physical structure of the central area of Zanjan city.

Tourism is an identity constructing and identity giving industry for different places and spaces that is formed through the presence of an absorbing element. This element might have a spatial –place nature or take a virtual entity to itself. Religious tourism is the spiritual type of tourism that today has attracted the attention of communities to itself. Religious tourism due to its effectiveness on creating a healthy and sustainable society plays an important role in giving identity to different places and spaces. Religious spaces، with regard to their spiritual dimension and nature not only create a sense of belonging to place in between the indigenous people، but also it leads to the creation of the sense of belonging among the tourists. This very issue causes the reproduction of religious tourism. In this research، using descriptive - explanation method، the role and influence of religious spaces in creating sense of place - space belonging in Zanjan city has been studied. The method of data collection in this study is documentary –field method. In the field method، 80 sample questionnaires were completed by tourists and the resulting data was described and analyzed by using SPSS software. Results shows that the type of spaces and method of holding the rituals in Zanjan city in Mohramm period make a sense of place belong among the tourists and reproduction of religious tourism. In addition، the promotion of the qualitative and quantitative level of ceremony leads to the increase of the tourists.