جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « فارس » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

Ancient sites represent the cultural landscape resulting from the interaction between humans and the environment. They are influenced by a set of geographical, natural and socio-cultural factors. The interpretation and disclosure of environmental information of settlement distribution can provide conditions for a better understanding of the interaction between human and the environment in this era. In this interaction, environmental factors are in a way the geographical and natural substrates play an effective role in the distribution of ancient sites. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the geographical foundations of the Sassanian sites in the highland of Arsanjan. Based on this, six geographical factors were considered as environmental factors or independent variables and the area of ancient sites as dependent variables. To investigate these factors, Arc Gis and SPSS software and quantitative analysis methods of inferential statistics with the Pearson correlation method were used. The results of these analysis determined that Sassanid period sites with a number of natural factors such as moderate to weak dependencies and a number of environmental factors also show a high dependency. This number expresses the relatively high and positive correlation between some geographical and environmental factors and the Sassanid era sites of Arsanjān plain. In the analysis and evaluation of the settlement patterns of Sassanid sites using cluster analysis, four patterns were obtained.

The present study examines a wide range of material components of agro-pastoralist communities in late antique Iran who inhabited an area of 250 thousand hectares in the southwest of Fars province. The components include residential buildings, walls, terraces, qanats, unidentified structures, and pottery sherds that exhibit characteristics of the late antiquity era. The structure of these componentsas well as climatic variables during the late antiquity era provide compelling evidence that the componentswere utilized by mobile societies who inhabited the regionseasonally. Furthermore, the architectural structures and seasonal settlements and their direct relationship to pastures and water-control systemsfor dry farming on steep slopes serve as additional proof of the social structure and economic approach (pastoral/agricultural) of the intended society. The primary goal and objective of this study are, respectively, to ascertain the socio-economic characteristics of agro-pastoralist societies in late antiquity, and explore their capacity to establish economic, social, and political institutions. The need for this research comes from the fact that most archaeological studieson this period focus on evidence from urban and rural settlements. Thus, analyzing data through GIS to interpret the systems of settlements and the correlation between material components and environmental behavior can provide a deeper understanding of the socio-economic structures of late antiquity for scholars of this field. The results of the study indicatethat the agro-pastoralist societies of this era had attained a level of complexity in their socio-economic systems and played a significant role in the broader socio-economic framework.

Some of the most impressive displays of delicate plaster work can be found when we look up in a space in Islamic Iranian architecture. Plaster is an ideal medium for decorative work, because it can take fine detail. It is also versatile: plaster can be formed into ornate, multi-layered ceiling medallions, intricate friezes replete with scrolls and swags, or long runs of coved cornice work. Plaster can be cast, shaped, carved, sculpted, sanded, or cut. When Islam opened a new view to art philosophy, it affected the ornament style in Iranian architecture. If one had to choose the defining material of Muslim culture, it would, without a doubt, be stucco. In contemporary history, plaster has been considered a relatively poor material, probably due to its lack of application in heavy duty building work, its easy handling and the simple process it takes to transform it from rock mineral. But, human dexterity, particularly that of Muslim artisans, helped to produce designs in stucco, and numerous buildings decorated with that technique have survived for us to admire. Architectural decoration has been one of the most resilient of the Islamic arts. The partial and more often overall decoration of buildings has been a characteristic feature of Islamic architecture from the eighth century onwards. Religious monuments as well as secular complexes have been decorated with an array of styles and techniques that reflected the multiplicity of Muslim societies and their cultural expressions. The importance given to decorating one's built environment has also been applied to temporary settlements such as tented encampments. Islamic plasterwork covers almost every single surface of walls, arches, vaults and ceilings, gaining an almost textile-like quality through their intricate ornament and vibrant palette of colours. Its almost overwhelming appearance is the result of the interconnection and superimposition of different ornamental elements: calligraphic inscriptions, geometric lazo. The interior decorations are centered on the mihrab. In fact, one can find almost all elements and methods of decoration on and around this symbolic place. There is a harmonious and creative co-existence between plaster, marble and brass. In addition, the mihrab typifies the beautiful marriage of all methods of decoration, especially geometry, floriation, calligraphy. The main roll of mihrab and its decoration became a mainstream in aesthetic orientation in Iranian art and architecture that spread to numerous architectural types such as schools to houses. One of the types of secular architecture is the house. Therefore, in order to evaluate this hypothesis and find the answer to the question: In what period are Chohar-soffeh decorations of Dosiran village rooted? the authors attempted to gather the information about Dosiran’s Chohar-soffeh houses and their decorations, and then examined the characteristics of these decorations and index samples similar to them in the history of the country and finally made a comparative comparison of the physical content of these samples. The research method includes survey, analytical-descriptive and interpretive-historical methods. Research data were obtained through field surveys, personal observations, and library documents. The research tool is logical inference and comparative comparison based on Carry-Walk-Method. Finally, it was concluded that two types of these inscriptions have a body similar to the plaster altars of the Ilkhanid period and in terms of content have the salient features of the plasterwork of this period; nevertheless, works of art combining the late Sassanid and early Islamic periods can also be seen in the drawings of all these inscriptions. The ornaments of Dosiran’s Chohar-soffehs, due to their appearance, organization and special content, as well as the way they are placed on the walls of the plates and the level of rib vaults, have given double value to the mansions of Gholam Hossein Naderi and Koohyar Dashti. These inscriptions include five different shapes and three general patterns. From the studies and comparisons, it was concluded that the Dosiran’s Chohar-soffehs strongly show the artistic course of the country from the late Sassanid period to the Ilkhanid period due to having well-known and important designs in the art history of Iran such as arabesques and Khataee motifs, flowers, knots (Gereh) and significant objects, which are mainly rooted in the Islamic period, as well as representing distinctive features such as great similarity to the valuable and sacred pattern of the altar in Islamic art and architecture, indicative features of Ilkhanid altars, using similar motifs to widely used motifs of the Sassanid era, the application of the natural form of plants and important techniques such as Muqarnas and honeysuckle (Laneh Zanbouri) ornament. The appearance and origins of the drawings of these inscriptions and the adapted examples are evidence of this claim; because despite the existence of continuity and artistic connection in the history of the country, some artistic features are specific to a particular period of history and are less considered in later periods. However, in Dosiran’s Chohar-soffehs, the characteristics of the bedrock of several periods are shown together.

Qaisariye Square is one of the important elements of major skeleton of Safavid Lar and is the only remained square of Safavid era in Fars Province which represents important historical evolutions although it has not been scrutinized. This paper represents the previous and original condition of the square’s open space in Safavid era and investigates the course of historical evolutions in different periods especially the current situation. Based on a analytical-historical research method and on travelogues, historical texts and pictorical documents of Qaisariye Square as well as conducting field studies and accurate perceptions, the paper represents the original physical condition of square in Safavid era and documents the historical evolutions in later periods especially the current situation. The results demonstrated that Qaisariye Square of Lar, as an urban space, has experienced various evolutions in three physical, access and activity dimensions after Safavid era. These changes primarily include the progress in longitudinal limits of shops in Qajar era. Then, the surrounding portico in open space was removed in Pahlavi era. In Republic Islamic of Iran, the portico reconstructed in three bodies of north, east and west with a different prespective than its original form. Providing riding access to the square in the Pahlavi era was the beginning of fundamental changes in form and function of middle open space of Qaysariye Square. The essence of square as an urban space faces changes and serious problems and the function of square descends to a traffic knot. Analyzing and identifying the evolutions of the square show the substantive and formal changes that cause its poor position as a historical urban space so that the topic should be noticed in the recreation plans of historical context of Lar.

Arab tribe in Fars،which is a branch of Khamse union،enjoys ancient carpet-weaving tradition. All weavers of this tribe belong to Arab Jabbare union. It haslearnt Fars tradition of carpet-weaving sinceadoption of Islam by Iran and has transformed it accordingly. Because of the pastoral and nomadic life، some kinds of bag weavings have been woven by them. Carpetbag is the most important and current crafts of Arab tribe. This kind of weaving is the same as carpet and it is made in one or two leaves in square form for carrying loads. This paper tries to study the features of color، motifs and texture of carpetbags of Arab Jabbare in Fars. The research method is descriptive-analytical one and data collection is conducted in a combined way by desk study and fieldwork research. The findings show that weaving method consists of symmetrical knot number 3، twofold woof and colorful binding. Also dyeing method is “dark in the dark” which is the tradition of this Arab tribe and is used more or less in carpetbags. The motifsare divided into two groups: the first group which is based on small or large motifs organized to form a regular or irregular patternscontaining two birds، tree or all birds’ motifs. The second group contains a general pattern - often a regular one –where all other motifs are arranged in that framework and contains urban motifs of Fars and other regions. Arab weavers have also used patterns like Four-Fishes، Soori Flower، Bush، Bracelet pattern and Moharamat in their special tribal method for these carpetbags.

Resettlement, the movement of people from one area to another, is carried out by many developing countries for different reasons. Among the reasons are, to increase agricultural production, to correct spatial imbalances in the distribution of population and improve the service systems. The general aim of rural resettlement is providing an appropriate ground to relocate the villages from the vulnerable and hazardous zones; this is performed in order to improve the living conditions and the resident’s welfare in the various aspects of life. The resettlement projects in the past two decades in Iran were inthe form of relocation and integration of villages and were carried out mostly in reconstruction of war-torn areas; the regions affected by earthquake, flood, landslide and construction projects of Storage Dams. Considering the impact of resettlement projects as a fundamental objective of rural communities, it is essential to improve the life quality. Location and community preservation are among the most important concerns in the resettlement site selection process. Thus, the resettlement sites should provide people with reliable access to productive resources, employment and business opportunities. The members of the community should be consulted and provided with appropriate options for resettlement. This research is conducted to determine the effects of resettlement on quality of life and to explain the influencing factors of it in two resettled villages - Isar and Zanjiran in Fars province, Iran. The Research Methodology was analytical- descriptive and the required data have been collected by using the questionnaire and interviews. The obtained results of the research indicate that the rate of life satisfaction in the six scales Likert Spectrum is equal to 3.601. The maximum and minimum satisfaction rates are related to Infrastructure, Employment and income range. In addition, the results of the factor analysis for the nine aspects of life quality were identified in the study areas. The six factors include: physical development; welfare services; quality of housing; relations with the nearby villages, towns and cities; the hygiene status and Social Welfare, and the total variance for quality of life is measured equal to 71.2. Due to the importance of the quality of life in development and wellbeing of the human societies, it is essential that in resettlement plans, both the appropriate land and the impacts and its consequences on the life quality of the villagers to be taken into special consideration in order to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the plan and moreover the resident’s welfare from different aspects would be improved. During the selection of alternative sites for rural resettlement, the following issues should be taken into consideration in terms of meeting the requirements of life quality for displaced people: The policy to direct people staying in their own regions; The policy to enhance participation of the resettled people in decision-making processes; Improving rural development models which intend to increase incomes in rural areas through an approach giving importance to participation; Developing rural residential planning and improving organizations serving rural areas; Protecting cultural, natural and archeological properties in the affected areas, and relocating these if possible.

Fars region, both in pre-Islamic and Islamic periods, was a center for government and consequently for culture and art. This matter caused the growing and improvement of book illustration in this region. There are various illustrated manuscripts in Shiraz School in different periods that prove this. Considering produced manuscripts in this region which are independent of eastern Iran pictorial traditions, the question is: how can be the effect of pre-Islamic pictorial art as an imagery tradition observed in this area? The purpose of this article is to find similar aspects between pre-Islamic imagery tradition and illustrated Shahnama of Al-e Inju in the Fars region. In this article, first, we have had a short survey of picture and book illustration in some of the books of Iranian historians (such as Ibn Balkhi, Masudi, Istakhri etc) and then Sassanid pictorial specifications and the roots of Shiraz School book illustration in Al-e Inju era have been considered. Comparing the proportion and composition of artwork in two Shahnamas of Shiraz School in Al-e Inju period and pre-Islamic survived reliefs is also done in this research. We have chosen analytic-comparative method of research along with library data collection. Regarding historical documents and comparing pictorial elements, it can be said that the pictorial tradition in this area is based on pre-Islamic pictorial tradition and such tradition has a significant role in the formation of Shiraz School.

Most urban planners, especially in the structuralism school believe that different phenomena can not be a separate living space and studied independently of each other. So fundamental coherence theories of urban and regional habitat can be found in "systems theory" made clear. This study convinced that the balance of urban space in the system of Fars and Bushehr situation is what has been done. Considering the nature of the research question is whether the article in Bushehr and Fars regional urban systems, urban hierarchy have a balance of space, so the aim of this thesis research, and enriching the consistency week in studies seeking to obtain evidence objective regarding the balance of the urban system is studied in the range to be the basis to provide a suitable model of spatial organization of urban systems achieved. The research method chosen for theoretical research approach - in which the application of systems theory and methods of descriptive statistics, inferential and planning models are used. Community survey to measure relationships between cities population 8262 persons as research subjects were evaluated. Eventually was determined that due to the relationship mentioned in the spatial relationships populations incoming and outgoing urban centers in different classes amount Chi calculated smaller than the amount of Chi Table critical points is likely in a=0/5(Ho)is zero to accept and accepting the hypothesis of zero means is a hinge or system elements, and urban centers is not confirmed, but the facilities to operate independently of each other and you have integration and system integrity are not.