جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « فضای باز و نیمه باز » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

The housing debate has dimensions beyond just shelter, and among these dimensions, the social dimension is considered a measure of the growth of any society. One of the factors of the social dimension is the amount and type of social interactions among the residents of that society. However, in new constructions, less attention is paid to the social dimension.
By studying in this area, the importance of allocating a suitable space for the interaction of the residents of the complex, especially the open and semi-open space, is determined. The purpose of this research is to extract and identify the criteria of semi-open space effective on social interactions. In the step of reviewing the literature, using the descriptive-analytical method, to identify frequently repeated criteria with high impact capacity that considered both semi-open space and social interactions. Then, using the method of logical independence and comparative analogy, the criteria that exist separately in interactions or semi-open space were examined and their commonalities were identified as new criteria, and the frequency of all criteria was obtained through content analysis. Then, by using the Shannon entropy technique, all 34 criteria were measured and the main and most important criteria were obtained, among which the criteria for the provision of the territory of space provision related to the new criteria were identified.

Fars Province has always been known as one of the important political, social, and religious centers in Iran with many buildings with different uses constructed in it. In the Islamic era, the construction of mosques as religious foundations proliferated in the region. This even caused the conversion of some fire temples into mosques or the construction of mosques with simple to complicated layouts. With the passage of time and the lack of care for these buildings, some of them were either destroyed or lost their original formation due to inappropriate restoration, while some others are still preserved and registered. The purpose of the following article is to introduce and formulate a typology for the historical mosques registered in the province. Therefore, by using the descriptive-analytical method and logical reasoning, 63 registered mosques were examined. The samples were classified based on their constituent spatial elements and their type in terms of enclosure (closed, open, and semi-open). The findings of this research show that there are three main types of mosques in Fars, including mosques without open or semi-open spaces or “single shabestan,” mosques with closed and open spaces or “shabestan and courtyard,” and mosques with closed, open and semi-open spaces or “shabestan, courtyard and ravaq-iwan.” In addition to these three types, six of the studied mosques are considered exceptions due to their unique features, among them the Īj Mosque, Sangi Mosque in Darab, Jami‘ Mosque of Darab, Izad-khast, Sheedan Bowanat, and Khan Jahrom.

Passing the time and increasing growth of urban population and the limitation of land in cities, vertical development became popular and apartments and then residential complexes were formed. This trend of housing development has reduced designers' attention to open and semi-open spaces in residential complexes that this issue has a great impact on the human body and soul in the penetration of natural light into the interior space. The main question of the current research is what factors in the openings and their design in residential interiors can improve the quality of natural light. The aim of the current research is to evaluate the opening factors in the main residential space in the amount of utilization and its effect on natural light, which was done using the library documentation method and it is included in descriptive, analytical and applied researches. The area studied in this research is a land with an area of about 44222 square meters in the 2nd district of Tehran, which due to the high population density, the need to create residential complexes in this area is felt. The analysis of information using simulation by Design Builder software has been done with the aim of determining the influencing factors on the use of natural light in residential units. The results show that the area and depth of the space 48%, the dimensions and proportions of the window 32%, the type of glass 8%, the orientation and position 7% and the window separator 5% have an effect on the use of natural light in the interior space.

Today, with the arrival of the Industrial Revolution in Iran, we have witnessed the development of urbanization, the unprecedented growth of apartment housing and the mass construction of residential complexes. In the process, attention to material interests eliminated some architectural values, and construction expanded in cities without considering open and semi-open spaces. Open and semi-open spaces are the most important spaces to meet the needs of residents and its absence, in addition to increasing energy costs and social isolation of residents, also has a significant negative impact on human spirit and quality of life. Since the internal conditions of the house have serious effects on the health of the residents, the purpose of this research is to investigate the different dimensions of health, extract the conceptual model of how open and semi-open spaces influence the health of the residents, and examine the conceptual model in case examples. The method of the present study is qualitative, which in the first step through library and documentary studies to review the theoretical foundations in the field of health, factors affecting the health of home residents and how the effect of open and semi-open space in promoting residents' health and model The conceptual concept of the research has been extracted. In the next step, using field studies, the conceptual model in case studies (father and daughter house and Mayan villa) has been analyzed and the role of open and semi-open spaces in the samples has been investigated. . The results show that open space and semi-open space in both samples cause the connection of indoor space with outdoor environment, light entering the space, helping indoor air conditioning, providing vision and landscape, creating a suitable space for family members and as a result Improving the health of residents. The results show that about 45% of the infrastructure of the whole house of father and daughter is occupied by semi-open space, also in the entrance part of the yard and in the middle part of the house, there is an open space with an area of ​​approximately 50%. Covers the total area of ​​the site. In Mayan Villa, 25% of the infrastructure is allocated to the semi-open space (including two terraces), which provides the view of the house, and 60% of the site dimensions at the entrance are allocated to the open space (courtyard). Qualitatively, The results show that the open and semi-open space in both examples, through social components (spatial privacy and personal privacy), physical component (connection with nature and climate comfort) and functional component (providing the needs of residents), improves health components (physical health). , mental health and social health). 

The vitality of urban environments is an issue that has been neglected in planning, studies and architectural designs in Iran. Nowadays, providing esprit and vitality has become one of the main concerns of management systems in urban planning in countries, especially in developed countries in residential complexes, and particularly in open and semi-open spaces, where residents spend a large part of their time in their place of residence. Since people's vitality is directly related to improving their quality of life; therefore, addressing this issue is of great importance.

The objective of this article was to identify and categorize the components and indices affecting vitality, and finally to develop a theoretical model of vitality in open and semi-open spaces.

The method of this study was qualitative-quantitative meta-analysis mehod and the research tool was purposeful sampling with statistical data analysis.

According to the studies based on the analysis of the opinions of 15 relevant experts, the priority of Formal, Functional, Environmental, Social and Cultural Components were the most effective components, respectively, in relation to the vitality.

Quantitative results of this study showed that utilizing natural elements, proper lighting, and physical diversity in "Formal Component", diversity of uses and security in "Functional Component", environmental cleanliness, harmony with nature, and climatic comfort in "Environmental Component", recreational activities and the ability to be present in the "Social Component", identity and sensory richness in "Cultural Component" were effective in achieving a sense of vitality with the highest quantitative percentage. The final achievement of this study was explaining the theoretical model of communication between the components of vitality in open and semi-open residential spaces. Highlight: • Components affecting vitality in open and semi-open spaces were the highest and lowest priorities of formal and cultural components, respectively. • Utilizing natural elements, proper lighting, and physical diversity in "Formal Component", diversity of uses and security in "Functional Component",