جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « محله پایدار » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

Today, despite the advancement of technology and the rapid expansion of urbanization, cities, especially urban neighborhoods, face many problems. Using of motor vehicles instead of walking, in today's world has become a norm of urbanization, and as a result, scattered housing has been built with multiple cores outside the walking axis, which has led to a widespread development and unstable lifestyle. In this regard, neighborhoods within the cities have lost their sustainability and attractiveness in terms of healthy life. One of the solutions seems to be to use the walkability of neighborhoods, which can improve the quality of neighborhoods in terms of sustainability. The purpose of this study is to analyze the sustainability of neighborhoods focusing on the walkability to according to the needs of citizens in terms of life's quality in the Charandab neighborhood of Tabriz, and seeks to answer the question of whether planning and designing the neighborhood with the walkability (pedestrian orientation) has led to the sustainability of the Charandab neighborhood? In the field of pedestrianism and sustainable neighborhoods, different studies have been done separately, but the lack of studies on how to communicate and influence between these factors is the necessity and reason for this study which is the innovation aspect of research.
The research method is a combination of quantitative and qualitative using correlation strategies and content analysis and questionnaire and in-depth interview tools. The sample size of the questionnaire was obtained through Cochran's formula and SPSS and Amos software were used for data analysis. Twelve experts were selected as the sample size for in-depth interviews and Maxqd software was used for data analysis.
Findings showed that from the residents' point of view, there was a significant difference between the sustainability of Charandab neighborhood with the walkability, and freedom and the right choice with a factor load of 0.93 have the greatest impact. After that, respectively, recreational places (with a factor load of 0.89), access to facilities (with a factor load of 0.86), safety and comfort (with a factor load of 0.82) and responsiveness of place (with a factor load of 0.73) are located. Also, there was a significant difference between negative perception and positive perception of experts. Therefore, the existing design conditions of Charandab neighborhood do not have a suitable context and the possibility of encouraging living based on pedestrian-oriented and sustainable life. According to the results of the survey of residents of Charandab neighborhood and interviews with experts, in order to sustainability of the neighborhoods, it is effective and necessary to apply the principle of compatibility in designing a neighborhood with walkability with emphasis on users' choice.

 Sustainable neighborhood development is a perspective that believes that solving the current problems of cities depends on returning to the concept of neighborhood. The neighborhood is the most fundamental unit of urban development, and the minor scale of attention to various aspects of sustainability as an urban unit with greater control over the city and as a good level for testing new ideas and ways to achieve sustainable urban development has received increasing attention. However, no extensive studies have been conducted on this concept on a micro-scale, and its implementation and quantifying the relationships between the various components of sustainability is also an important issue that has been neglected. 

 The present study aims to assess the impact of physical - spatial, economic, socio-cultural, transportation and communications, environmental, governance - management on the sustainability of neighborhoods in Javadiyeh Neighbourhood District 16 of Tehran sample was formed. Accordingly, after reviewing the literature related to the issue of sustainability, a conceptual model of the research was formed. Then a questionnaire was surveyed from the residents of the study neighborhood. It should be noted that according to the Cochrane formula, the statistical population includes 381 people. In this study, data analysis was performed using the structural equation modeling method and Smartpls software. 

 The results showed that the three paths "governance-management →economic → socio-cultural", "governance-management → economic → sustainability of neighborhoods" and "economic → socio-cultural → environment" With the coefficients of 4/898, 3/208, and 1/988, respectively, were the essential paths influencing citizens' perception of sustainability of neighborhoods and in general, the governance-management component was recognized as the most effective component in determining the sustainability of neighborhoods.

 To improve sustainability in different areas, we can emphasize the need to use a strategic plan for sustainable urban development in which special attention is paid to the impact of different components of sustainability on each other.

Cultivating and teaching the concepts of the sustainable neighborhood to different groups of people has been one of the executive goals in order to achieve sustainable development in different countries. Therefore, the educational content presented in the form of sustainability topics in architecture and urban planning faculties, that are considered as the most important educational context of the concepts of "sustainable city and neighborhood" to future owners of these professions, is very important. The present study seeks to compare the perceptions of architecture and urban planning students from the sustainable neighborhood to be used in providnig the educational content of courses related to the residential complex and neighborhood design in these fields. The results of this analysis can be used in architecture and urban planning faculties to improve the different aspects of "sustainable neighborhood" for students and in architectural and urban planning projects. The main question in this regard is: What are the similarities and differences between architecture and urban planning students in prioritizing sustainable development aspects and indicators and using examples to achieve a sustainable neighborhood?

In this study, after reviewing the literature, 14 indicators in the form of 5 categories were selected as the indicators of a sustainable neighborhood. The questionnaire was comprised of open and closed questions, which were answered by 27 architecture students and 27 urban planning students at Shiraz University in one semester. The data obtained from the collected questionnaires were analyzed with two quantitative and qualitative approaches for spectral and descriptive questions. In order to analyze the quantitative data after transfering it to SPSS software, the "Friedman" and "Mann-Whitney U Test" were used to rank the indicators in each group and examine the differences between the two groups. Qualitative data were also qualitatively analyzed after their categorization and the formation frequency table.

According to urban planning students, the indicators of "vegetation and green space," "social interactions," and "attention to pedestrian-based transportation" are the most important in achieving a sustainable neighborhood, and indicators of "indigenous culture patterns," "clean energy" are the least important indicators in the lists. In the process of planning and designing a sustainable neighborhood, these students also pay the most attention and the least attention to the indicators of "pedestrian-based transportation," "providing security," and "promoting social solidarity" in the neighborhood. Architecture students mostly focused on the realization of sustainable neighborhoods according to the indicators of "privacy," "security," "social interactions," and "pedestrian transportation." According to architecture students, the indicators of "mixed user model" and "local employment" were the least important in realizing a sustainable neighborhood. In the design process, the least attention has been paid to these two indicators. These students also paid the most attention to the characteristics of "privacy," "vegetation and green space," and creating a "sense of belonging" in the design. Urban planning students focused more on functional and economical aspects in achieving sustainability, while architecture students paid more attention to the "cultural" aspects. The architecture and urban planning students both considered the indicators of "social interactions" and "security" in recognizing the social indicators of sustainable neighborhoods. Also, in the environmental aspects, "vegetation and green space" in realizing a sustainable neighborhood were recognized as important aspects and they were considered by both groups. In general, paying attention to the physical dimensions and especially the details of space design among architecture students and paying attention to functional and non-physical dimensions among urban planning students is evident in case studies. 

Although a part of the differences between architecture and urban planning students is due to the nature and the view of these two disciplines to the concept of "sustainable neighborhood," the consideration of neglected indicators and sustainable aspects in each discipline can contribute to the improvement of students' perception of the sustainable neighborhood. Therefore, paying more attention to the physical aspects and design details and the application of cultural sustainability indicators in teaching sustainable neighborhood design to urban planning students can be effective. In addition, paying more attention to the functional aspects of sustainable neighborhoods and the application of functional indicators in sustainable neighborhood architecture is effective for architecture students. In planning the course of architectural design 5 for architecture students, strengthening the "functional" and "activity" dimensions of the sustainable neighborhood according to the scale and the nature of the discipline and the practical exercises can help the the students to have a comprehensive view of the "sustainable neighborhood." Urban planning students need to further study and explain the "cultural" dimension of the sustainable neighborhood and especially its indigenous dimensions. Paying more attention to physical and aesthetic details in the design, apaprt form the general and functionalist view can lead to a better understanding of sustainable neighborhood.

Place attachment is one of complicated processes that forms from the relationship of human and environment. Because of establishing affective relationship, it will have positive behavioral implications on the environment. What contributes to strengthening place attachment and consolidates the links of residents with the place is an important achievement for urban planners in order to achieve a qualitative improvement of human habitation in the environment. This paper is aimed to investigate the effect of physical features of the place on place attachment in order to fulfilling sustainable neighborhood. The research methodology is descriptive-analytical and it is practical in terms of purpose. After documentary studies, data was collected through a field survey in Ahwaz city. Data collection tool was a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using spss and Amos graphic software. The results show the amount of place attachment and satisfaction of physical characters of place are significantly higher than the average amount in understudy area. From the outputs results of the Amos software, number of indicators (greater than 0.9) confirms fitting the designed structural equation model. The average of the variance explained for each structure is greater than 0.5 and from 0.51 to 0.62, respectively. The study of the first and second hypotheses confirms the significant effect of physical components and the objective and subjective factors of it on place attachment, also the proportion of subjective factors was greater of place attachment construction.

Unsustainability is one of the problems in Iranian communities, especially in the neighborhood level. However, a more fundamental problem has overshadowed the indexes of sustainability. Indeed, there is no assessed framework to recognize unsustainability and its strategies in the localized knowledge of Iran. The main purpose of the present study is to compile and propose a framework which clarifies the main concepts of sustainability in terms of environmental variables, general norms, and objective indexes of assessment for the localized Iranian context. Moreover, there are many ambiguities in understanding the main constructs and norms of sustainability as an environmental quality concept. To this end, in the first step, the key elements of sustainability including society, economy, environment, and management have been identified. Then, their indexes and assessment criteria have been tabulated. Next, it was tried to evaluate the responsiveness of the criteria based on the three main indicators of place including society, function, and environment in a case study conducted on Deh Vanak, Tehran, Iran. This study is a mixed method one. As such, the related literature was reviewed and, based on in-depth direct observation and interview, the questions about the effectiveness of the criteria have been answered in Deh Vanak. To investigate the effectiveness of the criteria, a series of t-tests were conducted through SPSS. The results indicated that the desirability of all extracted indexes except for ‘greenness’ and ‘belongingness’ were inappropriate. In addition, some solutions have been introduced for the future sustainability of the district.

Processes of socio-economic restructuring result in reshaping cities and affect all aspects of urban life all over the world. One effect of such processes is urban decline which may be defined as "the relative under-performance of many local urban economies and the resulting mix of economic, social, physical, and environmental exclusion, which often appears to be self-sustaining in the absence of external intervention". The urban decline, because of spatial concentration, leads to the creation, continuation, and intensification of deteriorated neighbourhoods. In Iran, deterioration of some urban neighbourhoods can be considered as the consequence of contemporary socio-economic transitions. The consequences of urban deterioration are the disequilibrium of main functions in the neighbourhood, the concentration of unstable buildings, lack of public services, and unbalance between driving paths and pavements. The result is the lack of equilibrium, balance, and sustainability in the deteriorated neighbourhoods.
The issue of neighbourhood sustainability can be considered from physical, functional, environmental, and social aspects. This paper put an emphasis on the equilibrium and balance between different functions and defines the criteria and indices of a sustainable neighbourhood from functional aspect. To this end, the content of literature is reviewed; then, the status quo of the deteriorated neighbourhoods of Tehran (in relation to the defined indices) is analysed; and finally, the required policy readjustments to enhance functional sustainability in these neighbourhoods is proposed.

Application of the concepts of sustainability and sustainable development goals to reduce energy waste and environmental pollution in the architecture led to a discussion called "sustainability" and in recent decades, it has increasingly become an important element in urban planning. Although the focus is more on the development of cities and for some reasons less attention has been paid to the neighborhoods. However, cities cannot be assumed sustainable if their parts (components such as neighborhood) lack stability. Stability criterion for neighborhoods acts as mirrors for the analysis sustainability of cities at higher-level, including aspects of economic, social and environmental factors. In this study, only urban neighborhoods and techniques for establishing environmental sustainability are taken up. The paper tries to come up with principles for designing neighborhoods without which stable neighborhoods are impossibility. These principles include green space design district, the density of the local climate, building design, texture and the climate of (solar wind). These techniques lower energy waste and gives priority to pedestrian access and makes efficient public transport a possibility.

Urban communities Revitalizing and strengthen of the three dimensions of sustainability, is one of the main strategies to achieve urban sustainability. A sustainable neighborhood need its users to achieve vitality and life quality. So far the main focus of the organization, improvement or reconstruction urban areas plans in Iran, were mostly concentrated around the physical renewal of the urban patterns and residents of this communities, as the main targets, have been completely ignored. Actualizing of the Sustainable Development can also be possible in the form of neighborhood development when we talk about the neighborhood as a live cell. Consequently, having a sustainable city requires the sustainable internal particles, i.e. sustainable urban zones whose general principles are foresight, environment, equality, and cooperation and complementary features are its consequence such as balance, density and optimized compression, combination of uses and social classes, public transportation, access to green space, locality, and cooperation between city and neighborhood. Due to citizens disregarding role, their culture and social customs, the plans which are not adapted to life style of residents will be prepared, even if the plans were applicable,they will leed to widespread residents discontent . Now the question is " Why public spaces does not design concerning with people participations to diminish such feedbacks? What is the administrative problems of such projects, especially in Iran? In this regard, Baghshah community as a case study in Shiraz has been chosen. Research methods is descriptive – analytic by field survey and asking people by filling the questionnaire and concentrate on social, demographic, physical surveying and analyzing the communities resident's image. Considering the theoretical framework and criteria; an important point became clear that several factors causes to the unwillingness of residents participations in the urban fabric plans. The results shows that Only 30 percent of residents has a willingness to participate in the urban project and participate in the team work plans . 2% to 30% of these enthusiastic participation, report that they will participate in financial participation and the rest of them, agree to physical participation. So the Results shows the unwillingness of residents to participation in the plans. Factors that led to unwillingness to participation in the development and organization of communities residents is as follows: 1) the lack of successful experience in this field in Iran 2) failure to provide necessary training to participation in matters before any local action by relevant organizations 3) lack of trust of residents to plans and programs set by those involved in urban issues 4) failure to ensure people that the participation of residents and between residents and municipal projects in the same proportion of the profits to be divided. Generally The purpose of this research is study on the interested of Baghshah community residents in the preparation and implementation of improvements and upgrading the quality of life of residents in this context to suggesting guidelines to attracting citizen participation, as one of the most important requirements for achieving a sustainable neighborhood and social sustainability of neighborhoods in each city.

Expansion of urbanism during late decade causes new challenges such the decrease in the identity feeling and society belonging، increment of environmental discordant، lack of ecologic adjustment and totally reduction of living quality in cities. Programming new approaches and theories and urban management for solving of above problems، usage of cooperative approach، social mobilization and the bottom-top programming have been considered at itself focus. Fulfillment of this approach needs definition of new division system of space on the urban management and programming framework which on the basis of traditional management experiences، neighborhood because of its theoretical values، applicable and programming aspects، it can be considered as the basic element and axis of this programming. necessity of Pay attention to this concept in the urban programming system is justified، for some reason such as establishment of integrated، cooperative and rationalist management، adaptation of cultural and social changes by necessity factors on the dwelling and living in cities especially today metropolis، attempt to the domestic and local values and attitudes، empowering of identity feeling and also social belonging. In this framework، the main purpose of the present thesis is review of historical changes، role and action، space organization of Iranian urban neighborhood during different period and effort for presentation of sustainable pattern of neighborhood living، agreement of socio-economical and cultural requirements of current years for urban development. As a result، these life conditions، values and foundations in urban neighborhood were undergoing and fundamental changes، by locating city and urban neighborhood to modern elements and symbols، establishment of polar structure in the urban neighborhood were accepted principle of that era. Structural elements and new operation in the urban neighborhood which has been outstanding during this period. New structural elements and functions were created in urban neighborhood space that didn’t exist before this experience، and management of neighborhood has been changed by establishment of new bureaucracy as a form of City Council and municipality. In fact، being less important the principles of Iranian native culture and replacing & superiority of western thought in urban neighborhood structure، has played a key role and On the other hand، development with fundamental changes has had particularities of exotic development. Due to these conditions، it is possible to achieve to sustainable neighborhood pattern in the Iran cities perspective and specially metropolis with empowering propriety of social capital and factors on the basis of reliance، belonging، social cohesion of neighborhood، community oriented urban management in Iran and establishment of management system which has power and authority، cooperation، responsible، legitimate and institution oriented.

By appearing different crisises in various aspects of social, cultural, economic, physical and environmental issues in large cities around the world in the second half of the 20th century due to inappropriate plans and speed growth of urbanism, the environmental quality in urban neighbourhoods has been decreased. For this reason, various related theories, about improving the quality of neighbourhoods - such as the Sustainable Development Theory- have been defined during the recent decades. The main goal of this theory, at level of neighbourhoods, is about creating a desirable and sustainable environment to live for their present and future residents. There is a large diversity among the defined measures for sustainable neighborhoods Therefore, this study- by quantitive and qualitive methods- based on analyzing, studying and surveys shows, and the characteristics of a sustainable neighbourhood in the fields of environmental, social- cultural, economic and physical issues. At the first step, the authors described the concepts of environmental quality, sustainable development, the neighbourhood (and the sustainable one too), and then they investigated various perspectives about sustainable development and sustainable neighbourhood such as the measures defined in Canada(2001) and the UK(2005), as initial countries, about sustainability at neighbourhood level, as well as the others, such as the principles of sustainable neighbourhood for European countries and so on. Based upon the mentioned measures, the authors defined 34 measures for a sustainable neighbourhood in these aspects: socio-cultural, economical, physical and environmental ones. Then they investigated the sustainability of Chizar neighbourbood in Tehran, as a case study in field of the quality of housing, neighbours and neighbourhood by random sample. Duo to analyzing the quality of Chizar by Satisfaction- Importance Rate, the residents determined their satisfaction and defined the importance of each index, from 1 to 5 (1= very much, and 5= very less). The results for this analysis show that all of the measures at the given three levels ()housing, neighbours and neighbourhood)(need to be improved, because all of the IS rates are more than 0.1. The most sustainability issues in Chizar Neighbourhood are: low crime and current security, responsibility of residents for their neighbourhood, emphasis on cultural and historical heritage, and the existence of residents with different outcomes, local land uses, high quality of services, providing daily needs of residents in neighbourhood and housing for deferent people. The less quality issues are as follows: dimension of roads, green spaces and space for parking. Sustainability of the others is comparative. Furthermore, the Importance- Satisfaction Rate shows the priority of roads, spaces for parking and local parks for reforming as well as evolution at neighbourhood level and also for housing, dimensions of kitchen, number and dimension of rooms, and insects in building are priorities for reforming. On the whole, the results show that Chizar is comparatively a sustainable neighbourhood, despite its low quality in many measures.