جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "مدل سازی" در نشریات گروه "هنر و معماری"

The Covid-19 pandemic has become a health problem due to its high rate of transmission and rapid spread worldwide. Therefore, in recent years, many researchers have investigated and spatially analyzed the covid-19 disease with different factors in order to policy and better manage these conditions. Therefore, in this research, by choosing the city of Gerash in Fars province as an example of the southern cities of the country, the efficiency of the GWR model was measured to determine the high-risk areas of death due to corona disease in different age groups.
In this research, the geographic weighted regression (GWR) model has been used to investigate the relationship between deaths caused by Corona in Gerash city and different age groups and spatial modeling for urban policy .
The results showed that among the 10 age groups, one of them, that is, the age group of 61-70 years old, has a significant relationship with the number of deaths, and the highest degree of correlation can be seen in the west of Gerash city, followed by the highest degree of correlation, respectively. It is 0.97 to the north, 0.92 to the center and 0.88 to the south
The specified places are economically weaker than other parts of the city, and the sections of society that are economically weaker are more vulnerable than other sections. Also, the practical results of the GWR model and its high power for modeling will help managers and planners to identify the critical points of pandemic conditions and use them for policy and better management.

Researchers use model and simulation to study mental representations of the environment and gain a precise understanding of the human cognitive system. The complexity of modeling in spatial cognition is, on the one hand, the result of the complexity of the mind and the environment that people understand in different ways, and on the other hand, rooted in the diverse disciplines of cognitive sciences. cognitive-spatial modeling has gotten less attention in architectural studies because of the complexity of the process. Thus, in this field, there is no scientific or comprehensive approach that incorporates the various components of modeling. The purpose of this research is to develop the model of the process of creating two common types of cognitive-spatial models in architecture. The main question is; how to develop a model for the modeling process in spatial cognition that simultaneously relates human, environmental, and time frameworks? The research methodology was logical reasoning, which is accomplished by analyzing the theories of cognitive science and modeling. In the first step, the theoretical and cognitive basics of models are reviewed and two common types of spatial-cognitive modeling are introduced. Then, through logical reasoning and based on temporal, human, and environmental frameworks, a conceptual model for categorizing models is offered to clarify the scientific modeling in spatial cognition studies. Moreover, in the techniques and procedures level, due to the shortcomings of experimental methods in the study of the man-made environment (cost, instrument limitations, social and ethical limitations), behavioral and non-behavioral observation methods are useful measures for the study. Since these approaches cannot directly measure cognition, in order to decrease errors, researchers must employ mixed methods (such as cognitive maps, questionnaires, etc.). These models are made richer by choosing from a wide range of methodological approaches and techniques to cover various aspects of spatial cognition. Finally, a model is introduced for each of the computational and conceptual-hypothetical models, which represents the link between the mentioned frameworks and the modeling process. The findings show that during building cognitive-spatial models, in the choosing theories or the base model and finding the connection between concepts, dealing with temporal, human and mental-environmental components is a priority. Although cognitive studies may support both dynamic and static approaches in this respect, the concept of dynamic systems is more widely recognized in the fields of architecture and urban planning owing to the dynamism of two key variables, i.e., the mind and environment. Additionally, the properties of the individuals and the space under investigation both influences how people know their environment. According to the objectives of the study, the applied model, however, may place greater emphasis on one of the personal or environmental properties when describing how individuals perceive various spaces. Finally, in computational modeling, complex behaviors are simulated through algorithms and the possibility of behavior reproduction is investigated. In conceptual-hypothetical modeling, due to the knowledge of the general public about the environment, deductive-inductive methods that are common in social sciences will be useful.

This research can be considered as one of the studies that seek to explore, in an argumentative way, subtle and solid philosophical concepts in the field of art. The paper provides an analysis of the concept of “extension” in music as one of the most thought-provoking philosophical concepts. The analysis is carried out by interpreting Ibn-Sina’s special conception of musical extension to answer a fundamental question: given that, unlike other arts, music does not use determinate raw materials to create form, and is only related to sounds, and is perceived by hearing, can it be considered as an extended entity? And if so, what components and characteristics does this musical extension depend on? And how can such extension realize itself in music? This study investigates the issue by adopting the method of mental modeling and utilizing qualitative research methods such as structural analysis and structural deconstruction. The study concludes that based on the auditory perception, and despite the lack of a determinable physical form, a range of potential forms of extension can be realized in music. Such realizable extensional forms include a linear-one-dimensional model (horizontal extension of monophonic sounds), a linear-two-dimensional model (horizontal extension of polyphonic sounds), and the spiral-multidimensional model (horizontal and vertical extension of polyphonic sounds).

In today's societies, the increasing growth of urbanization and increasing population of cities as an inevitable principle, especially in the cities of developing countries, have caused major changes in the structure of cities. Cities and urban spaces have become overwhelmed in structure by the passage of time, Changing conditions, different climates and different events as like many human artifacts. Historical and ancient textures that usually form the primary and main core of the country's cities, on one hand, they are part of the cultural and historical heritage of those cities and therefore their preservation and organization are inevitable. Urban tissues suffer from physical and functional deterioration due to lack of attention, proper maintenance and care. Identifying the physical and functional status of such tissues with the aim of managing and planning for their maintenance are among the first and important steps that must be taken. The historical context of the city of Urmia is one of those which it has been explored in the context of local community-based asset policies. Asset based development of local communities is based on identifying, enhancing and utilizing existing capacities and assets. In other words, asset base development serves both as a tool in urban planning and management and as a way to equip the local community to achieve sustainability.

In addition to diagnostic measures in the early stages of the widespread disease of COVID-19, prevention of the presence of individuals in high-risk environments, along with the proper distribution of population and services, is also effective in controlling the spread of the disease. The epidemic model, is based on population and movement. The aim is to introduce hazardous maps at the outbreak of corona disease and to explain the framework for their preparation and application based on issues related to resident behaviors. This research has been done by the method of logical reasoning and by analytical study of the existing samples, the components that are effective in preparing these maps and updating them. To this end, after the typology of the maps, the results evaluation criteria were validated from the perspective of the outputs. According to the research results, the dynamics of human movement data are key to estimating spatial interactions in these maps; Because of the social distance, staying home, and closing down jobs, fundamental changes occur in individual and group movements. Using different sources of information can be provided, the platform for participation of different groups of users using mapping maps is provided with an active and inactive demographic approach and increased efficiency. The development of such maps is a collaboration between the fields of epidemiology, health, environmental psychology, and public planning and design, especially urban design, to ensure that integrated studies based on the dynamics of location-based behaviors greatly enhance the validity of the maps.

The garden has a social, aesthetic and artistic representational capacity, and is a mix of static and dynamic elements that protect, rebuild and revive with theoretical, practical and technical challenges. "Garden archeology" is considered to be a subclass of archeological activity, which, after the Second World War and especially in recent decades, has been the focus of attention on projects for the restoration of historical gardens in developed countries. The purpose of this research is to recognize and analyze: a) the historical streams of the garden archeology and the explanation of its future horizons; (b) the typology of methods and techniques; (c) the recognition of the functions and subsequent challenges; and, ultimately, the development of a conceptual framework of it in the experience of the restoration of historical gardens. For this purpose, a logical reasoning method based on the analysis, classification and critique of written and library data will be used and will result in a logical reasoning based on the inference approach. The conceptual model derived from three aspects, including "function", "method", and "challenge", and the results represent the movement of destructive methods in exploration to non-destructive techniques (remote sensing, aerial photography, and geophysical surveying). The archeological functions of the garden also include a variety of "restoration" to "interpretation," which reflects the attention to "anthropology" and interdisciplinary topics. The challenge of "authentication", "history", "data interpretation" and "specialization" can also be arranged in this context, due to "exploration methods" and "strands involved". Finally, suggestions for using garden archeology in the Iran, based on challenges and opportunities, have been recommended.

Among all the challenges of sustainable development, two obstacles seem to be the most wide-ranging: poverty and environmental degradation. These two obstacles, in addition to their negative impact on sustainable development, have a complex relationship. It should be noted that environmental degradation is a complex issue per-se, and other influencing factors that may have an impact on it include history, geography, culture and traditions, new technologies, national programs and strategies. Therefore, the existence of a systematic thinking that encompasses all aspects of this issue seems necessary, especially since environmental degradation and global poverty, have been generally studied as separate matters.
The aim of this study is to design a model to explain the patterns of rural poverty and environmental instability. The research relies on structural equation modeling to illustrate the environmental instability and poverty in rural areas. The sample consists of heads of households in rural areas of the Charmahal Bakhtiari province. Based on Cochran formula, a sample of 383 individuals was selected through stratified random sampling. The sample members were then interviewed by questionnaires. The findings of this study indicate the severe impact of economic, social, and political factors on rural poverty. On the other hand, the instability of the rural environment is manifest in the features that include the water resources, soil quality, the resilience of pastures and plants. Furthermore, the results of this study reveals a direct correlation between rural poverty and environmental instability; The poor rural population are more prone to excessive use of natural resources and would henceforth create more environmental instability, which in turn has a negative impact on their livelihood.

Understanding individual acceptance and technology application is one of the most mature streams of technology adoption research. There have been several theoretical models, primarily developed from theories in psychology and sociology, employed to explain technology acceptance and use. The advancement and availability of digital technologies may facilitate the implementation of smart cities and e-government systems. Many policy makers tend to enhance the smart city performance in their countries, while there is not deep understanding of key factors and barriers to adopting required technologies by users. Digital technologies such as laser sensors for collecting data from urban environments, web-based versions of Geographic Information Systems, positioning systems and smartphones may help to collect and process more accurate data. There is a considerable amount of studies focusing on the introduction and development of the above-mentioned technologies, but current literature does not provide a deep understanding of the technology adoption process in developing countries. Furthermore, the process of technology adoption has not been investigated in the field of urban planning and management. Current studies in e-government are not fully focused on the local city council e-services. The present study aims to develop the Urban Technology Adoption Model consisting of such key constructs as Low Quality Services, Cost Reduction, Energy Saving, and Time Saving. This paper intensively reviews the literature and identifies nine key constructs to use for modeling the adoption process. The constructs are identified from different domains such as technology acceptance in information systems, project management and sustainable technologies. However, the concept of technology acceptance is used in the smart city context. A survey-based method was used to test the proposed model using the Structural Equation Modeling method. The proposed model was first modified based on a sample of 110 participants in a selected major city (MC1). The modified model was validated based on the data collected from four more major cities (MC2 to MC5). The analysis shows that five constructs are critical for predicting the participants’ adoption behavior including Self-Efficacy, Operation, Work Facilitation, Relative Advantage and Compatibility. These factors were the top priorities of MCs’ users. Low priority factors as determined by the participants included such constructs as Low Quality of Services, Perceived Security and Energy Saving. This model is a valuable tool to predict the process of technology adoption at the level of local government in the field of urban e-services and management. The results of the present study are important in preventing any unsuccessful technology implementation at local level. The findings are also critical for urban planners and technology managers in developing countries since they are the main target of modern technologies. The presented model in this paper should be modified for different contexts as a future research agenda. In addition, a decision-making framework should be developed in the future based on an exploratory study recruiting participants from the management level.

This paper explores t This paper explores the challenges of finding theoretical frameworks, derived from the tenets of behavioral science methods to improve the learning process of architectural design and construction of a theoretical - practical approaches in order to change, and contrast with the lack of stasis of training method in architectural education in Iran. Moreover, the aim of this research is to define and identify environmental characteristics resulting from Gibsonian affordances to use the above question which is in line with a review of theories and related approaches about appropriate and inappropriate, along with the identification of faces overt and covert capabilities will be discussed. Accordingly, Features used on the basis of the above theory involve cognitive, cultural, logical, semantic, cognitive, physical, natural and human limitations. In the design process, man-made environment is defined as an interactive interface to establish a connection between mental processes of designer and behavioral activities of the user. On the other hand, affordances are a kind of relationship between designer and user that affect in processes which are being followed by designer. In the proposed model, the consequences of a simultaneous process of "cognition-creation" for affordances makes it a common point for product of architecture, based on a theoretical structure that supporting the establishment of most interactive relations for the designer-user. Such a process of architectural training workshop will emphasize the role of the student as a learner analysis and also the role of the educator as leader of education who is responsible for directing students in the form of the Affordance Theory. This process and method, since then based on a theoretical structure, imported to architectural design process and its training scientifically, and as a small part of the range of characteristics of behavioral sciences, has the ability of creating an interdisciplinary approach. Such researches can make a systematic and optimized architectural training according to scientific theories by other researchers with grafting of behavioral science and environmental design in future. The authors believe that affordances have two dimension: Behavior-Driven Actions and Environment-Driven Constraints; Behavior-Driven Actions Contain passive activities or flexible, individual or social, decisions and choices and needs, values and interaction and Environment-Driven Constraints includes restrictions on the cognitive, biological, cognitive, social, cultural, logical, semantic, good, bad, positive, negative, hidden, clear etc. Based on the mentioned issues and research goals which include finding an interdisciplinary model for architecture teaching based on behavioral sciences approaches in general and applying the Gibson Theory of Environmental Affordances specifically; This research is considered as applied research, And its methods "descriptive" and 
"analytical" are categorized in the field of general strategy. On this basis, in the description field, the research includes a set of methods that aim to describe the investigated conditions or phenomena. Conducting the research can help to better understand the situation or the decision making process and in the analytical field, research move towards inferential reasoning along with modeling for the purpose of conducting research to provide a model for design process of architectural education in the workshop.... Keywords: Gibson, Affordance, Architectural Training, Design Process, Methods of Architectural Education, Environmental Design.

When design process builds on making models¡ it can contribute to both visualization of ideas and quality control of the design process to ensure the success of the developed concept. In making industrial prototypes¡ different techniques are applied regarding issues such as cost¡ time¡ availability of materials¡ scale¡ quality and intended purpose of the designer. The present paper suggests step-by-step instructions of the layering technique¡ a widely-used technique employed by product designers. The capabilities of this technique are as follows: Any form with any degree of complexity¡ either solid or shell form and with any scale¡ can be built with this technique. Any sheet materials cut with common tools can be utilized in this technique. Depending on thickness of the sheet used¡ dimensional accuracy of the model will change.The paper ends with presenting sample models made with layering techniques along with a brief description.

The city is a dynamic system that composed of numerous subsystems that interaction and communication between them is effective on urban development. General behavior and the effect on each subsystem through the time cause to urban development or non-development. Land use planning with the aim of predicting the pattern of urban development and implementation has not been successful due to some factors such as lack of recognition significant factors the land development, interaction and conflict with each other and lack of awareness of policy results in long-term. With the rise of system approach in urban planning that tries to identify different activities that determine the nature of the human environment and understand the relationship between them, several techniques were developed to analyze these activities. System dynamics is a powerful methodology and computer simulation modeling technique for framing, understanding, and discussing about complex issues and problems. System dynamics make an opportunity for interaction effects on urban subsystems together, through the time, to adopt policies and make optimized decisions for urban development.
In Tehran, failure to achieve urban development projects’ goals on the base of mentioned reasons has caused high population growth and unbalanced urban development that is based on organic patterns. 18th district of Tehran, has experienced the hastily development in recent decades. It has also undesirable functions those are adverse with urban development and it has unbalanced development pattern. The purpose of this study is finding subsystems affecting urban development, dynamics and time effect on their behavior, and their interaction with each other in time in order to planning for development management of 18th district of Tehran.
In this paper, system dynamics has been used for designing of 18th district of Tehran development model. According to this purpose, have been identified influential factors in the development process, the most important subsystems were selected and then the process of model design and development is done in “Vensim”. Subsystems used in the model include population, economy and the land. Designed model is applied to simulate possible future options in the 18th district. Because of the importance and effective role of population factor in development and land use, options have been simulated on base of demographic changes in the model and finally, the results were compared and policies for 18th district development have been proposed.
The results of simulation show that population changes have direct effect on land use. Another side, changes in the business is effective on population increase or decrease by influence on employment rate. Therefore, usage the policies that could organize the physical space of the district and provide the housing and services needs of residents, and also increase employment opportunities, will be effective on development in this area.
Overall, the use of system dynamics modeling, due to its characteristics and capabilities,
including the ability to explore and connect the past to the present situation and steer it towards the desired future conditions and attention the subsystems and their interactions on each other, can be effective in efficiency and effectiveness of planning and urban development management.

Identity has always been a popular research subject for various disciplines, such as psychology, philosophy, sociology, human geography and anthropology. The role of "place" concept in forming the Identity of a person, society or group has been emphasized in environmental psychology and relative disciplines. On the other side, “Identity of place”, has been emphasized as a significant dimension of place that concerns the meaning and significance of places for their inhabitants, users and others. “Identity of place” is among the notions specifically being considered in the second half of the 20th century in urban planning and design literature and some methods were applied to assess “Identity of place” based on various definitions. The objective of current paper is to present a research framework for evaluating the Identity of Place. This paper is provided in three general sections.
In the first part, a definition for “Identity of place” and its forming elements is provided after investigating the theoretical bases and the literature available in the field of “Identity of place”. According to the content framework, the identity of place is the output of the dynamic system of interaction between internal meaning and external meaning created and endorsed about the place.
In the second part of the paper, the research framework for evaluating “Identity of place” is explained based on the discourse study methodology, narrative inquiry method and analytical framework based on discourse analysis. Then, Fouladshar new town is selected as the case study and the aforementioned research framework were tested on it. Recognizable social forces, respective place independence, and outstanding elements are the most important criterions in process of case study selection. Also, identity crisis of new towns in Iran is a Meta criterion in the case study selection process.
In third part, collected data in Fouladshahr is analyzed in two levels including separated level and integrated level. In the separated level, analysis indicated that among any elements of “identity of place” in each social group, there is a distinguishable “dominant discourse”. Also, each “dominant discourse” can be categorized on the basis of “discourse orientation” and “discourse type”. According to “discourse orientation”, dominant discourses can be “Negative” or “Positive” and according to “discourse type”, dominant discourses can be categorized in three types including “Descriptive discourse”, “Argumentative discourse” and “Propaganda discourse”. These three types are differentiated on the basis of intensity and emphasize of respondent to deliver a specific meaning.
In the integrated level, dominant discourses are analysed according to other groups. In this level, analysis reveals the potential and crisis elements of the “identity of place”. Also, Crisis elements can be categorized in three types including “negative same-directed” elements, “intrinsic tensioned elements” and “extrinsic tensioned elements”.
This research and analytical framework in evaluating the “identity of place” can be utilized in places in different scales. Also this framework utilized “identity of place” as a strategic and applicable concept.

The Confrontation between Iranian and Western musical cultures and especially taking the idea of Western Orchestra is a topic that had incongruous dimensions in Iranian music. Therefore, this process leads up to some questions: what is the relationship between the multiplicity of musical performance and identity of Iranian music? And the other question: did such a process in its different dimensions result in alienation in Iranian music? On this basis, the present article tries to shed light on this confrontation and through analysis of the material culture of music, musical system and musical products examines the possibility of alienation in Orchestra in contemporary Iranian music. This research applies a synthetic approach, through deductive and inductive methods to construct 12 models in terms of confrontational as well as intercultural musical alienation. Each of these 12 confrontational/intercultural models expresses a potential form. These forms must be examined in terms of three identity-making components, i.e. the musical material culture, musical system and musical products. The ultimate purpose of this research is to investigate the confrontation between Iranian and Western musical cultures by means of explicating the state of this confrontation with standpoint of taking the idea of Western Orchestra and shaping its different amenabilities in musical culture of Iran. In this way, with drawing potential models of Orchestra in Iranian music and finding some applications for each probability, we first genealogies the history of Orchestra in contemporary musical culture of Iran, and in the second step investigate the possibility of musical alienation. The results of this research, through a series of models, show that there have been occurred some confrontations between musical culture of Iran and of Western in recent decades, that resulted in dipolar process in Iranian music. Some of the Confrontations occurred in some of identity-making components of Iranian musical culture. In some of the other confrontations the musical alienation did not occur in any of the musical material culture, musical system and musical products. In the other state, the performance of Orchestra in Iranian music had an interpretational and conscious type to imitative and conscious adaption of Orchestra. The hypothesis of this research leads up to this thesis that against the approaches of traditionalism in Iranian music that reject all of the confrontations between musical culture of Iran and of Western, some of confrontations with interpretational approach that intermix with adaptational method, not only do not lead up to musical alienation in Iranian Music, but result in evolution and creation of Iranian Music. In the other hand, against the Occidentalized approaches in Iranian music that insist on taking all of the culture of western music for evolution and creation of Iranian music, this thesis emphasis on this fact that the considerable part of confrontation between musical culture of Iran and of Western in taking the idea of western Orchestra not only does not make evolution and creation in Iranian music, but weaken, demote and even delete some fundamental characteristics of Iranian music.

Transportation planning estimates the number of trips generation and attraction to each land use category. In this research important factors on the trip attraction to urban park have been discussed because of importance of urban green space especially parks in the urban Planning. For this survey the Arghavan, Fadak (District Park); Atre sib (Regional Park) in Baghershar city, Tehran province have been studied. Then special model has been developed for each of them. These models generated by using standard linear regression and necessary tests have been implemented: So Tolerance, Durbin-Watson and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests are used in this research. All tests confirm the validity of regression models that calculated. The results have been shown that by increasing of the monthly household expenses, he would not like to go to the regional park. Single people prefer to go to district parks and married people tend to go to regional parks, they would like to go there in the afternoon and evening. Regional park visitors tend to spend more time to go to the better park. Older people go to district parks on the most of days, although the variable does not apply to the regional park because they aren’t able to go to a regional park. Finally according this research, social factors such as marital status, economic factors such as employment status and monthly household expenses, and other factors such as time and facilities can influence on the trip attraction to urban parks.

Urbanism can be regarded as one of the most influential as well as comprehensive areas encompassed which encompasses many other subcategories. In fact, due to the its key role in the process of structural development of cities and formation of the qualitative as well as quantitative aspects of development, at a macro level, Urbanism can play a critical role in the procedure of equipping urban residential areas against the consequences of catastrophes, which may occur pursuant to both environmental or human factors. Effective review mechanisms in shaping the process of open spaces and reducing the modeling process to identify and correct problems in the form of destructive mechanisms dynamic systems theory can be investigated. Based on the dynamic systems theory, this article the fundamental dynamics of the process of structural development of Tehran. In addition, it analyzed the influential elements in the decreasing rate of the urban open space, adopting an approach to use them during the crises. Actually, the main objective was examine the trend of decreasing open spaces which have the potential to be utilized during the crises, within the framework of dynamic systems. regarding that, the related mechanisms and their structures were examined and based on the analyses, new policies were recommended in order to improve the destructive mechanisms. First and foremost, the structural framework as well as the internal and external variables of the issue is determined. In the next step, the behavior of the key variable in a specific period of time is scrutinized. Using the results of the analysis of the key factor and the effects of other elements, then some dynamic hypotheses are made. In a further section, a conceptual model and the related diagrams are presented. And finally, the parameters are defined and the dynamic hypotheses are examined by means of the Vensim PLE software, which resulted in a suggested model of the issue for a period of 20 years that may be applicable in the future. This model is then tested for various conditions. The purpose of the present study is to examine the trend of decreasing open spaces in the process of urban development, within the context of Tehran metropolis. Providing a model for the improvement of destructive mechanisms, the article offers an image of the future situation. The study is based on analytical- descriptive methods of discussion and the required information is collected through library research and a field study. The results of the study reveals that if the destructive mechanisms are improved, and if the policies related to the control of key variables of the issue are implemented, we may be able to control the downward trend of the open spaces in Tehran for a mid- to long-term period, aiming to use them during the crises.