جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « مکان-رفتار » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

Problem Statement: 

As environments with meaningful roles that are harmonic with the community, behavior settings are of great importance in enhancing the living environment quality. Additionally, a sense of community in individuals is a human and identity-related factor in the field of environmental design, which can be achieved through personal behavior, as well as the cultural state of a society to depict similar links and perceptions among individuals. Therefore, obtaining a clear meaning of an environment, on the one hand, and analyzing the sense of community indices in affecting the behavior-milieu synomorphy1 , on the other hand, is the key to understanding a behavior setting and forming an environment harmonic with the community. 

The present paper seeks to answer how behavior-milieu synomorphy in a behavior setting is influenced by a sense of community components, to identify and examine the role of a sense of community in forming behavior settings.

This is a retroduction-based applied study. Consistent with this strategy, the theoretical model was achieved through data collection and literature review with a qualitative approach and reference to desk research; experiential analysis and explication were also conducted on the model during the field.

According to the research results, synomorphy in the ritual public spaces of Tabriz is effectively influenced by social and mental conditions components related to lifespan, upstream perception, and social issues. Additionally, environmental features and transpersonal factors (upstream perception and similar perception to others) act as criteria for determining the sense of community in public spaces. The extent of correlation between the sense of community and synomorphy forming behavior settings shows that the sense of community acts as a human presence catalyst and a basic element in increasing the factors affecting harmony and synomorphy in the environment. In other words, the sense of community has a significant effect on the formation of behavior settings.

The residence, being a modest space, significantly influences the emotions of those who dwell in it. However, apartment units, in their mere emphasis on functions, ignore the emotions of the occupants and cause cognitive dissonance and anxiety by creating conflicting emotions, thoughts, and desires. The primary research inquiry revolves around finding methods to minimize cognitive dissonance in modern apartment units. The purpose of this research is to identify common cognitive dissonances in contemporary apartments through identifying the emotional and behavioral affordances of residential spaces and the adaptation of place-emotions and place-behaviors, and secondly, to provide solutions to create cognitive compatibility in these houses. So far, the emotional affordances of the environment have been implicitly expressed in the definitions of the indirect affordances of the environment, but no consistent research has been done in this regard. Indeed, studies on environmental affordances typically focus on behavioral and functional aspects. This research aims to examine how the qualities and spatial features of a residence impact residents’ emotions. It delves into the concept of emotional affordances of the environment, providing clarifications through examples.

In this study, a qualitative method and grounded theory were employed. Following a literature review on cognitive dissonance and environmental affordance, a field study was conducted involving thirty-four residents from twenty apartment units. At this stage, information is collected through interviews and photographs and sketches. Then place-behaviors and place-emotions maps were also drawn. Finally, conclusions have been made by adapting these maps. Apartment units are considered as the current model of contemporary housing in the current research. The samples were first selected from the city of Zanjan and after the pilot study, in order to verify the findings and continue the field research, samples from the cities of Karaj, Tehran, Shiraz and Tabriz were added to the research. The samples were selected from middle-class housing and mass complexes were not considered in this research. Also, the purpose of the current research was to study the middle-class housing, which has an acceptable expansion and the most frequency in the country. The research exploratory nature led to the researcher not pre determinedly defining the space characteristics in the study design. Instead, characteristics considered more crucial from the audience’s perspective in eliciting place-emotions, and those to which residents are more sensitive, were identified through interviews, extracted, and coded. Interview tools were used to collect information, and two-person interviews were chosen as the main tool for data collection in this research. In order to understand the emotional and behavioral affordances of the units, the interview questions were designed in a semi-structured way. In addition to interviews, photos and sketches have been used to draw and finally analyze place-emotions and place-behaviors.

In the theoretical part of the research findings based on the grounded research method and selective coding, three characteristics of behavioral patterns were identified, which include “types of activity (responsible, vital and optional activities)”, “scale of activity” and “time period of activity”. It was also found that the emotions related to the space can be divided into three categories of “spaciousness”, “coziness” and “memorability” under the title of the types of emotional affordances of the space. This research underscores the significance of residences having an additional dimension that encompasses place-emotions. Identifying examples of emotional affordances within residences can play a crucial role in analyzing place-emotions and mitigating cognitive dissonance. Therefore, the innovation in this research lies in expanding the theory of behavioral settings and exploring the impact of the relationship between place-emotion and place-behavior on cognitive dissonance. In the applied section of the study, the maps were analyzed utilizing the categories derived from behavioral and emotional patterns in apartment spaces. The aim was to illustrate that the repercussions of exclusively prioritizing functions and neglecting place-emotions in modern apartments can be elucidated by identifying cognitive dissonance. In the following, at three levels of “space details”, “space essence” and “connection between spaces”, design solutions were presented in order to strengthen emotional and functional affordances and resolve cognitive dissonance in contemporary residential spaces.

Findings show that in contemporary apartment units, place-emotions and place-behaviors do not match, and this causes cognitive dissonance and stress. To reduce these tensions and cognitive dissonance, solutions have been proposed at three levels. At the level of communication between spaces, the use of linear structure, rooms with two doors and separation of spaces are suggested. At the level of dimensions and nature of the space, solutions such as coordination of activity scale and space scale, rooms with very small dimensions, transparent walls, spaces to support optional activities and a width of at least two meters for the terrace are mentioned. In the level of details and components of the space, solutions such as natural light, emotional atmosphere around the heating sources, transparent wall on the terrace and fireplace are presented.

In-Between elements in architecture has been effective on the coexistence of components. In order to clarify and gradually reduce the materials, the invisible between spaces were used and called "void". The present study, based on voids components in architecture, has considered the impact void on social interactions in architectural spaces. To what extent can void presence in uses change the social components of space? It is the main question of the research. In other words, in different uses, how void affects social interactions in public spaces? One of the main objectives of the research is to identify "void" social indicators in public spaces and to explain the role of facilitating or inhibiting it in individuals' social interactions. The combined research or qualitative-quantitative method was considered as a survey with purposeful study samples, and after extracting the components, the conceptual framework was refined. The research process in two stages of initial test in 5 different office, medical, educational, hotel and Commercial and main test was done in 3 types of educational, hotel and commercial. The required information was collected by questionnaire and interview and analyzed by software. Findings show a significant effect of physical and void semantic components on social interactions; In the initial test, the findings in the office building showed it has unsociable effects and in medical places void is ineffective ; While the main test in commercial building, the hotel and the university with the effect of sociability on behavior by void. The research concludes that void plays a connection and intruption role in the architectural space at the same time. The effectiveness of relationships and social interactions in the void depends on users are affected by the environment, the type of use, the activity, and the purpose of the users' presence in places.

The depth of the void concept has extended the range of its effects from philosophy to various sciences and even types of art. In architecture, due to the importance of the spacing effect and architectural components on behavior, void finds a different role that seems to be less addressed in contemporary architecture. If void, regardless of its hidden meaning, is referred to as "empty space," all spaces in architecture are empty; otherwise, they were considered mass. The present study analyzes the physical and semantic characteristics of the void and their impact on social relations. What effect do void physical and semantic components have on the social elements of space? It is the main question. Achieving a comprehensive model in using voidchr('39')s features to improve spatial qualities and increasing or controlling social interactions in different places was considered the research goal. Therefore, "the effect of voidchr('39')s physical-semantic features" as an independent variable and "social interactions" was introduced as a dependent variable. The research method is a mixed quantitative-qualitative. Initial processing in five and three different uses was conducted, respectively. The research used Questionnaires, detailed observation, and interviews on-site for data collection. The obtained information was analyzed by Smart PLS software. The analysis results show that the voidchr('39')s physical and semantic components, in the form of spatial cohesion, have increased social tendencies among individuals in places with informal use